Thursday, May 1, 2025
Blog Page 1698

Stormclouds on the horizon? South Sudan at six months

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“We have waited for this day for 56 years. It is a dream come true.” Salva Kiir’s words chimed with the celebratory mood which dominated South Sudan’s independence ceremonies. Throughout our own media, the creation of the world’s newest nation state prompted plenty of comment and discussion. Simple stories made for eye catching headlines, creating a superficial narrative of Muslim against Christian in the preceding civil war. The West congratulated itself, having helped an oppressed group to achieve self-determination. This was balanced by a smattering of negative predictions for the future of the infant state. Yet despite the divergence of opinion, the fanfare and the hyperbole, South Sudan has slipped out of our newspapers.

The past six months have not been uneventful. All of the issues heralded upon South Sudan’s independence remain critical. The relationship with the North remains fraught with tensions. Oil management remains unresolved – while the South has the majority of the oil it can only be exported through the North and there has been no agreement on remuneration. Control of the borderland region of Abyei remains disputed. Infrastructure is non-existent and basic services are almost completely lacking.

Moreover the SPLA (Sudan People’s Liberation Army) has found the transition from a guerrilla movement to government predictably difficult. Salva Kiir, the current President, may have been an astute military leader, but he has excluded the powerful and dissatisfied Nuer ethnic group from his Cabinet, which he has instead stuffed with old SPLA soldiers. Accusers maintain that he has turned a blind eye to widespread cabinet corruption. Yet beyond these general issues two new crises represent a particular threat to the new nation.

 If South Sudan did make a brief return to our consciousness, it was over the explosion of violence in Jonglei province. While the SPLA had faced an insurgency by ex-Lt. General George Athor, the violence in Jonglei represented the most serious challenge yet to its authority and ability to maintain peace. Local disputes, mostly between the Lou-Nuer and Murle ethnic groups, erupted into a broader conflict. In the words of young Lou-Nuer fighters, they intended to “invade Murleland and wipe out the entire Murle tribe on the face of the earth”. So far, roaming bands of up to 8000 armed

youths have killed 3000 people, displaced another 140000 and stolen 80,000 cattle. UNMISS, the UN mission in the field, has deployed around half its combat-ready force in collaboration with the South Sudanese government. Recent weeks have seen a quieting of the situation, but tensions remain high. While the UN and Government response has been comparatively decisive and relatively successful, these disturbances in South Sudan’s largest and most populous state highlight its instability. In a way, Jonglei represents a microcosm for the new state. Without animosity to North Sudan to unify them, the South Sudanese now have to turn their attention to renegotiating their relationships within a new nation state.

The other news from the country was the announcement that South Sudan was halting oil production until a settlement over payments with the North could be reached. Talks are ongoing but production remains shut down. While this prompted more sustained interest from the media, a later development was much more unexpected. South Sudan and Sudan signed a “Non Aggression Pact” on 11th February in Addis Ababa. This promised to respect each other’s territorial integrity, though its sincerity might be doubted over contentious area such as Abyei. Some commentators have suggested that this agreement might be a precedent to greater economic unity, ironic given the South’s long struggle to be free.

Yet they may be right. Greater economic integration could make the South economically viable in a way it is currently not. Nonetheless, all of this speculation seems premature. By the 16th February the South was accusing the North of breaking the “Non Aggression Pact” by bombing border towns. This hardly bodes well for the long term seriousness of the pact. It is possible that the agreement does represent both parties’ desire not to pursue outright conflict. But conflict needn’t be overt, and might be pursued through proxy actors; existing secessionist movements in Darfur and the Nile, for the South. Meanwhile the North can renew its cooperation with the LRA in South Sudan. Yet this does not mean that conflict will end. A stable and successful South Sudan represents a threat to North Sudan’s continued territorial integrity due to the encouragement it gives to other secessionist movements around the Sudan. The ongoing low level conflict between South and North has a profoundly negative impact on the South’s ability to focus on its pressing domestic issues.

Six months on from independence the storm clouds of conflict continue to threaten South Sudan, both domestically and internationally. Many of the challenges to Sudan remain identical to those that plagued it six months ago. In one sense this is not surprising, given the magnitude of the difficulties facing the new state. South Sudan’s response to these challenges will have profound consequences for the region. What can be said with certainty is that the military struggle waged for independence by the SPLA from 1983 to 2005 has been the easy part of building South Sudan. All that has become clear over the last six months is the scale of the challenge facing the new nation.

For The Love of Film

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Disney has been pulling out all the stocks to make The Muppets a lucrative franchise again, but was it enough to impress audiences?

Review: Mephisto

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There are plays and then there are plays. Mephisto, the story of a radical cabaret troupe’s struggle for survivial in Nazi Germany, is most definitely the latter.

What strikes me first and foremost about this brilliant production of Mephisto is the attention to detail, construction and effective and imaginative use of the set. It’s superb, and some of the best I have seen, not just in student drama, but in the professional theatre too. It is especially wonderful when we as an audience are able watch performances at the club from behind, as if we were back stage. I don’t know much about lighting, and as a result I dont often comment on it, but even I could appreciate the beautiful brownish tinges to much of the lighting, which bathes the stage in an almost sepia tone. The music is equally as evocative, if not quite as brassy and ‘cabaret’ as I expected. There really is nothing quite like a live band, and the wide range of instruments played as part of the performance add a whole new dimension to it’s intrigue and poignancy, especially for me in the tender dance between Nicoletta and Erika in the first half.

The acting is also very good, though the intensity and dedication to character I feel can still be upped further throughout the run. I was particularly impressed by passion displayed by Richard Hill as Theophile Sarder as well as the impressive comedic talent and inventive energy of those members of the cast starring in the slices of political satire–Joseph Allan, Phillipa Baines, Zoe Bullock, Tim Gibson and Sarah Perry–dotted about the script. A word must also go to Milja Fenger’s direction, which is clean, sophisticated and inspired. I especially appreciate the lack of pretentious pause at the end of dramatic scenes, making the final moments of stillness in the play even more powerful.

I also applaud Milja for taking on a relatively unknown play and bringing it to the biggest venue in Oxford. It’s risky, but discovering new plays is what makes theatre most exciting. Yet it is here, with the play itself, rather than the production, that I am disappointed. The fact that I can sum up the plot line in a sentence at the beginning of this review, I think says it all. It’s the story of persecution in Nazi Germany, torn loyalties, and ultimate travesty, but its one that we have heard and seen framed in this way so many times before. I don’t deny that the period is one of immense importance and that its human cost can never be forgotten. But much has been said already, and to stand out Mephsito needed something to make us as an audience ‘sit up’. No matter how high the production values of this piece are, Mephisto doesn’t have this, and I leave the theatre moved and very much entertained, but ultimately unchanged.

4 stars

Fight the Falklands furore

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Weird as it may seem in the midst of an economic crisis and sweeping changes across the Middle East, the Falkland Islands are back in the headlines. And yes, Argentina still cares about them, quite a lot, in fact. Its government has been tightening the screws on the hapless islanders for a few years now, but the rhetorical onslaught of the past few weeks has been astonishing.

Cristina Kirchner called the place the ‘last refuge of a declining empire’. Really? Britain is clinging on to imperial splendour with a few villages in the southern Atlantic? I doubt anyone in the UK outside of a few dark, dusty corners of the civil service could even find the place on a map before Argentina invaded it. The subject barely makes it onto British curriculums, and is not expounded as a point of national honour worth fighting for. Unlike, dare I say it, in Argentina.

I dislike patriotic ranting in general, but find myself veering uncomfortably close to right-wing diatribe whenever the Falklands issue flares up. It’s hard to relate to the Argentine side of the argument, which places such an insane amount of weight on a such a profoundly meaningless dispute, driven mainly, I suspect, by an inability to face the fact that six hundred Argentines died in a pointless conflict.

It’s not just rhetoric, though; Argentina has been putting the screws on the islands over the past two years. First flights to Argentina were cut off, and now the one direct flight to the mainland, to Chile, which provides the islanders with most of their supplies, is coming under pressure. Then, a move across Latin America to ban ships flying the Falklands flag from entering port. But things really got serious when Argentina ordered its trawlers to aggressively fish the squid stocks on which the Falklands’ economy apparently depends.

Seriously? Restoring national honour by waging a proxy war on squid? That said, the UK has hardly taken the moral high ground; the government deployed Prince William to the islands, which aside from being perhaps the oddest manifestation of the ‘warrior royal’ shtick that has sprung up since we started routinely bombing other countries again, manages to look aggressive and quaintly pathetic in one stroke. It managed to conjure up the old spectre of imperialist Britain and the haughty princes that once ran it, while simultaneously reminding the rest of the world that instead of valiant aristocrats we now have a helicopter pilot kept in the public eye only by tabloid obsession.

This is shaping up to be the most absurd international conflict Britain has got itself involved in since the Cod Wars. (Look them up. They really happened.) Conflict is perhaps the wrong word, as both sides know full well that there is little chance of an actual war breaking out; indeed, the whole tiresome exchange of of diplomatic potshots might have been avoided if the Conservative party had simply ignored it.

That said, Britain may have a chance to lessen tensions somewhat. Argentina has fired up its patriotic engines once again in part because the 30th anniversary of the conflict is not far off, but equally because of Britain’s decision to start drilling for potentially substantial oil deposits near the islands.

Using the Falklands to get a legal foothold on natural resources thousands of miles away from the UK is little absurd. Though technically they may fall within the required distance from the islands coastline, any serious British claim to them is both tenuous and arrogant. In any case, the original (at least public) rationale for defending the islands is their right to choose who rules them, rather than a boost to BP’s share price.

The UK should offer Argentina rights to oil, gas and whatever other valuable fuels they can dredge up out of the depths in return for acknowledgement of the general principle that people have the right to pick their own government. We have no legitimate claim to the resources, and any argument that the islanders themselves need control of deep-sea fossil fuels would be strained at best. Argentina might ignore the suggestion, or get even angrier, but it would at least blunt the accusations of British resource colonialism that have left even America hesitant to oppose Argentina’s claim to the islands.

We’re too often blind to how politically effective even the vaguest tirades against British colonialism still are outside of the UK. In the Falklands, there is an opportunity to blunt those accusations, to be diplomatic, reasonable, and with fewer awkward cameos by princes. It should not be missed.

Oxford University cuts OUCA ties

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After a five month enquiry into the behaviour and administration of Oxford University Conservative Association (OUCA), the Proctors have denied the society affiliation with the University for the current academic year.

The decision, made on Wednesday by the Senior Proctor, Laurence Whitehead, will mean that OUCA has retrospectively been officially disassociated with the University of Oxford since the beginning of Michaelmas and can no longer use the word “University” in their title.

This is the second time in recent years that OUCA has had to drop the “U” from their name, the first occurring in 2009 when the University withdrew their affiliation following an incident involving racist jokes being told during hustings.

According to a spokesperson for the University, “[the Senior Proctor’s] decision to deny the Association permission to register with the Proctors at the beginning of the current academic year is a result of the Association’s failure to reach the financial and administrative standards of a recognised student club.”

Miles Coates, current President of OUCA, told Cherwell, “We inherited significant problems this academic year from our predecessors, and we have since worked closely with the Proctors on detailed structural reforms. We obviously regret the Proctor’s decision not to register the Association this year.” 

Oxford University Labour Club Chair, David Butler said that in his view the ruling was fair, commenting “If OUCA have failed to meet the standards set by the Proctors, then it is right that their university affiliation is removed until they meet those standards.” 

One anonymous source, claiming to be a former OUCA officer, alleged, “It seems that there may have been a few financial irregularities in the accounts, mainly in Trinity 2011, which couldn’t be explained.” 

OUCA were the subject of controversy in the national media last term after a video showing one member singing anti-Semitic songs was leaked to the press. The investigation by the Proctors was instigated as a result of the reported behavioural misconduct and sparked a wider inquiry into the state of the Association leading to the decision made this week. 

However, after almost two terms of examination, the Senior Proctor ruled against taking disciplinary action against OUCA. The University Press Office commented that the investigation “determined that no Proctorial disciplinary actions are called for in relation to the specific allegations of misconduct.” 

Despite this, Robin McGhee, former Chair of Oxford University Liberal Democrats and a LibDem candidate in the coming elections, commented that, “OUCA have always been riddled with a rather nasty element of a privileged few, whose extreme opinion is in no way representative of the views of the Conservative voters or party. At the same time, they have apparently consistently demonstrated inability to actually bother to keep their books properly.” 

The problems with OUCA’s records were criticised by the inquiry and led to the Association being disaffiliated with the University. This decision, retrospectively active from the beginning of last Michaelmas, is effective for at least two terms before the society in question can re-apply to the Proctors.   

Coates stated that OUCA will comply with the outcome of the investigation and will attempt to reaffiliate with the University at the beginning of Michaelmas 2012. He commented, “The reforms we initiated leave OUCA with a comparatively rigorous administrative platform and I am optimistic that this will secure our registration on time for Michaelmas 2012.”  

Nina Fischer, President elect of OUCA emphasised the importance of the reforms, telling Cherwell, “My predecessors this academic year and the committee have been working hard to address the administrative concerns we inherited. I believe our reforms leave the society stronger in the long term, and well prepared to deal with any problem cases.” 

Former OULC Chair Colin Jackson commented that, “Regardless of how any of us may feel about their recent high profile actions, if the Proctors are correct in their assessment that OUCA have not kept up their financial records then they are being responded to appropriately.” He also added, “OULC collects dues from our members and proper financial record keeping is an obligation for us.”  

Butler reiterated that the record keeping required by the University of all its associated societies is “not arduous” and “would be done regardless of whether or not the Proctors forced us to do so.” He concluded, “To keep appropriate records is key to running a well-functioning society, such as OULC.” 

The anonymous former OUCA member said, “The Proctors’ investigation was kicked off by the scandal in the student media last term, but it turned into a much wider investigation into OUCA’s administrative procedures between Trinity 2009 and the end of last year.” 

More Oxford graduates are waiters than engineers

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The University has published statistics on graduate employment which reveal that, six months after graduating, more people worked as waiters or bar staff than worked as mechanical or civil engineers. 

Of the students who replied to the sur­vey, 49.5 per cent were in work only, six per cent in study and work, and 31.8 per cent in study only, with 5.9 per cent unemployed. In comparison, the most recent figures suggest that the national graduate un­employment rate is currently 20 per cent while the general national rate is 8.4.

Will Heard who graduated from Jesus in 2010 commented, “Oxford graduate un­employment is only just below unemploy­ment rate in the UK. Shocking.”

The director of the Oxford University Careers Service, Jonathan Black, told Cher­well that one reason for a lower unemploy­ment rate than the national average is that Oxford students are a “Highly desirable group of people, sought out by employers. They have fabulous transferable skills.” 

However, Black added that employers, “Do mark Oxford students down on team­work and business awareness.” 

Emily Jamieson, a 2010 history graduate from Jesus, commented, “At other univer­sities far fewer people are going to choose to keep on studying, or even have the op­tion available to them. So the fact Oxford has low unemployment is maybe more a reflection of people carrying on study than being able to go straight out and find work.”

Those studying medical sciences were most likely to find a job six months after leaving university, with only 2.2 per cent of them unemployed, none of whom were undergraduate medics. In the humanities, this figure jumps up to 7.8 per cent, with 13 per cent of graduates from the Oriental Studies Faculty unemployed.

While Magdalen had only 2.4 per cent of students claiming to be unemployed, Mansfield has the highest unemployment rate of 10 per cent.

 

 

However, Susanna Elliott, an Orien­tal Studies student from Mansfield, commented, “I’m not particularly worried about my employment pros­pects – which degrees are most val­ued come and go in phases. Having a good degree from Oxford, in what­ever subject, is still a solid basis for gaining employment.” 

Joshua Felberg, another Mansfield student reading Oriental Studies, commented, “While I am confident about my prospects in the future, I am worried that this disparity be­tween colleges comes down to nep­otism within other colleges. An Oxford degree should be worth the same whatever college it is from.” 

According to the report, science undergraduate students were the best paid, with materials scien­tists claiming an average salary of £35,300. Those who graduated from the English Faculty were the worst paid, with an average salary of £18,700. 

Univ English student, Louise Car­ey, commented, “I’m taking this de­gree because I love the subject rather than because I think it will land me a great job. I find English fascinating and rewarding so I wouldn’t say it’s been useless to me. If I’d wanted to maximise my employability I would have taken PPE or something.” 

Keble undergraduates had an av­erage salary of £35,900 six months after leaving, whereas those who graduated from Wadham were paid an average of £20,700. The college with the most students going on to further study is Merton, at 54.3 per cent. New College had the highest percentage of undergraduates find­ing employment, with 59.6 per cent of all students securing a job six months after leaving. 

The largest employer of Oxford students is the NHS, which employed 281 graduates over the last three years. Oxford University employed 266 six months after their gradua­tion. Thereafter, the major employ­ers are financial services firms such as Deloitte, PwC and Deutsche Bank. 

40 per cent of those with under­graduate degrees earned less than the student loan repayment thresh­old of £21,000. 

Considering graduates of both graduate and non-graduate degrees, 51 per cent of humanities students were paid less than this figure, whereas only 15 per cent of the Medi­cal Sciences division had a salary less than this. 

The figures also highlighted a sig­nificant gender divide in salary lev­els. In the Social Sciences, 62 per cent of male undergraduate students earn the median wage of £24,500, whereas only 37 per cent of female students earn that amount sixth months after graduating. 

Marta Szczerba, a 2011 PPE gradu­ate from St John’s, and now a man­agement consultant, claimed that there was “a definite advantage” from studying at Oxford. She as­serted that many companies only visit Oxbridge, LSE and Imperial so students from those universities are much more likely to be employed in those services. She also said that an Oxford education was a “signal” to employers, making Oxford students “more credible candidates”. 

She added, “I think the job situa­tion was much better for those in my year who got a job in third year, even for industries such as banking and management consultancy. Those of my friends who did not find work in third year are finding it a lot harder to get a job now.” 

Matthew Robinson, a 2008 Law graduate who was employed by McKinsey after leaving Oxford and then co-founded a technology com­pany, commented, “I think Oxford graduates have the same level of workplace-related skills as other graduates. However, it does give a huge advantage in how employers perceive you. 

“There is an increasing value in technology skills which make busi­nesses more efficient, and degrees which give these skills or rigorous maths-based skills are more valu­able. The exception to this is PPE, which employers believe gives a suit­ably broad skill-set.” 

Oliver Moody, a journalist who graduated last year from St Anne’s, said, “I think it is easier for Oxford students to find jobs – as long as they focus. If you know what you want to do, build up a half-decent CV and think hard about where you want to go after university. You can make an Oxford degree work for you.” 

However he continued, “There were a lot of people who just assumed that an Oxford degree would magi­cally confer a perfect, well-paid job without any real effort or thought. They didn’t do so well. There are a lot of hungry, focused students at less prestigious universities who are serious competitors in the market­place, and, as employers are increas­ingly looking for the finished article, they have the edge over Oxford stu­dents who don’t get around to look­ing beyond university. 

He added, “Of my friends from Oxford, about half have just started white-collar professional jobs, and the other half are still living with their parents.” 

Man arrested for knocking woman off her bike

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A 42 year old man has been arrested after a cyclist was knocked off her bike in Cowley. The 25 year old cyclist was struck by a brown Jaguar heading towards the city centre. The collision happened near the Hobgoblin pub on Cowley Road on Saturday February 11th at around 8pm.

The driver failed to stop after the crash, and Thames Valley Police have arrested him on suspicion of driving while unfit through drink. He has been bailed until March 11th.

The cyclist suffered cuts and bruising and was taken to the John Radcliffe Hospital as a precaution for possible back injuries.

Georgina Brooke, of St Hilda’s, who was also knocked off her bike recently, told Cherwell that the problems cyclists have on Cowley road are due to a number of factors. “There are lots of traffic islands which are supposed to control the flow of traffic, but motorists try to overtake cyclists through these traffic control measures. There are also a number of pedestrian crossings of all types, as well as a lot of side streets. Also, pedestrians sometimes pose a hazard.”

Stabbing arrests

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A 22-year-old man has been left in hospital after suffering multiple stab wounds to his arm and stomach following an attack on St Clement’s street on Sunday 12th February.

The incident, which took place at around 1am, was thought to have happened after a fight between the victim and two other men, who have been arrested on suspicion of attempted murder and released on bail until April. 
Investigating officer Detective Con Craig Burchall, of Force CID in Oxford, said, ‘We now know there was a large disturbance involving at least five men, which originated in York Place and moved into St Clement’s Street at about 1am. Several witnesses have already come forward, but I am appealing to anyone who saw men fighting in this area at that time to come forward.’
The St Clement’s area has a high student population from both Oxford and Oxford Brookes University. Katrii Piparinen, a second year student at Mansfield who lives near St Clement’s, commented, ‘I’m of course shocked to hear that a stabbing took place near where I live. However, I have never personally felt unsafe living in Cowley. I think the main thing that students can do is just to be sensible by not walking home alone late at night and being willing to pay for taxis when necessary.’
However, this view is not shared by everyone. One second year student expressed desire to move away from the St Clement’s area, saying, ‘I really hate it here – you hear about incidents of this kind every week and there is none of the safety I felt living in the city centre. I can’t wait to get back into college accommodation – my experience of living out has not been very enjoyable.’

Power cuts hit Oxford libraries and faculties

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Power cuts across three Oxford libraries and faculties led them to cancellations, closures and inconvenience on Monday morning. 
The St Cross building, which houses the English Faculty Library as well as the Law Faculty, was forced to briefly close due to lack of electricity, though the power was back on by 10am. 
The Law Faculty had to postpone a 9am lecture in Administrative law. The lecturer, Dr Alison Young, broke the news to her students in an appropriate fasghion: “You may have thought that you had a substantive legitimate expectation that today’s Administrative law lecture, on legitimate expectations, would take place. After all, there was a clear representation that the lecture would take place on the timetable, this may have been reinforced by statements made in previous lectures, and past practice would tend to suggest that lectures do take place at the times set out on the published lecture list.” However, she continued, “It was a proportionate response to re-schedule the lecture in the light (or more accurately ‘non-light’) of the complete lack of electrical power in the St Cross Building.”
The Social Sciences Library was affected by the power cut, but remained open. A spokeswoman for the library told Cherwell, “the main way that it affected it was that most of the lights in the right hand side of the library went off, and, although our readers PC’s were getting power, they could not connect to the internet. The system we use for checking books in and out was down as well (which was an obvious cause for concern!), as were the printers.” She labelled it “uneventful” but an “inconvenience.”
Monday’s events came after a power cut on Saturday, which affected around 1,100 homes in Marston and Headington, as well as Oxford Brookes.

Power cuts across three Oxford libraries and faculties led them to cancellations and closures on Monday morning. 

The St Cross building, which houses the English Faculty Library as well as the Law Faculty, was forced to briefly close due to lack of electricity, though the power was back on by 10am. The Law Faculty had to postpone a 9am lecture in Administrative law.

The lecturer, Dr Alison Young, broke the news to her students saying, “You may have thought that you had a substantive legitimate expectation that today’s Administrative law lecture, on legitimate expectations, would take place. After all, there was a clear representation that the lecture would take place on the timetable, this may have been reinforced by statements made in previous lectures, and past practice would tend to suggest that lectures do take place at the times set out on the published lecture list.”

However, she continued, “It was a proportionate response to re-schedule the lecture in the light (or more accurately ‘non-light’) of the complete lack of electrical power in the St Cross Building.”

Second year English student, Juliet Roe, commented, “No self-respecting English student would be at the EFL at that time, I imagine there were some pretty disorientated dust mites and the odd irritated librarian though.”

The Social Sciences Library was affected by the power cut, but remained open. A spokeswoman for the library told Cherwell, “The main way that it affected it was that most of the lights in the right hand side of the library went off, and, although our readers PC’s were getting power, they could not connect to the internet. The system we use for checking books in and out was down as well (which was an obvious cause for concern!), as were the printers.”

She labelled it “uneventful” but an “inconvenience.”

Wadham student Alistair Smout commented, “It was nice to have some mood lighting in the nation’s favourite library.”

Monday’s events came after a power cut on Saturday, which affected around 1,100 homes in Marston and Headington, as well as Oxford Brookes.

Oxford research into Libya and democracy

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Oxford’s Institute of Human Sciences and Oxford Research International have conducted research to prove that fewer than one in three Libyans would support a democratic regime.

While thousands were killed at the hands of Muammar Gaddafi during a despotic reign spanning four decades, the study also revealed that more than a third of citizens would rather see a return to dictatorship than the installation of a democratic government.

This is arguably because of the tribal divisions within Libya, which has provoked concern that without an iron fist, the power vacuum left after Gadaffi’s death in October will lead to fighting between the factions which united to remove him. While the Oxford research found that more than two thirds of Libyans would like some democratic proceedings in elections, 35% of Libyans would like to see a return to dictatorial rule within 5 years.

The director of Oxford Research International, Christoph Sahm, said that ‘although there appears to be a push for an early election, the population seems to be happy with the National Transitional Council [NTC]”.

‘Perhaps more significantly”, he continued, “Libyan people have not yet developed trust towards political parties, preferring a return of one-man rule. Yet they have also resoundingly said they want a say in how their country is run, which suggests Libyans who have had autocratic rule for decades lack the knowledge of how a democracy works and need more awareness of the alternatives to autocratic government.

‘It seems that the majority of Libyans are not in support of the NTC, with 81% putting their faith in the regime which helped topple Gaddafi. As many as 16% said they were ready to resort to violence for political ends.

However, many have expressed concern about the violence which has broken out as a result of the militia providing law enforcement. Médecins sans Frontières have suspended their involvement in Misrata after law enforcement officials asked them to give medical treatment to prisoners mid-way through torture sessions, only to begin torturing them again. Amnesty International found that 10 of 11 Libyan detention centres they visited were using torture or mistreating their detainees.