Tuesday, May 6, 2025
Blog Page 105

Wilders’ far-right runs riot: a sign of European divide or a chance to reunite?

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This November, Geert Wilders, the leader and founder of the Dutch far-right Party for Freedom (PVV), dominated a general election in the Netherlands. Triggered by the collapse of centrist Mark Rutte’s government, the poll saw the PVV sweep 37 seats, leaving Rutte’s incumbent conservative-liberal party, the VVD, with only 24 seats. A populist Islamophobe and ‘Nexiteer’ who has proclaimed that the “[Dutch] people must get their nation back”, Wilders’ victory is viewed by many as a nightmare scenario for the European Union. However, the Dutch coalition system means that Wilders needs 76 seats in the House of Representatives to take the reins. The question on everyone’s lips: can he make it into government? 

Wilders’ main challenge is electoral arithmetic. Given that it took tentative centrist operator Rutte the best part of a year to wade through coalition talks, we cannot expect to see Wilders as Dutch prime minister any time soon. That is, if ever.  39 seats away from that coveted majority, Wilders will need the support of the centre right VVD and the Christian democratic New Social Contract (NSC); as expected, the left-wing parties have ruled out any prospect of cooperation. On top of this, now that the VVD has also dismissed a formal coalition, preferring only an informal case-by-case agreement, the odds for a majority are not on his side. More likely is a chaotic minority government that would be destabilising for both the Dutch people and at a wider European level. 

A possible alternative – and by far the best-case scenario for the pro-European centre – is a broad-church coalition led by the party with the second most seats. This would be the Green/Labour left working in collaboration with the VVD and the other moderate parties. However, this will only be a live option once Wilders has definitively exhausted all potential arrangements. We’ve also got to consider this electoral sticking plaster – the narrowest of all-but-the-far-right coalitions –  which would only contribute to the growing sense of political apathy as it would be nearly impossible for such a government to agree to radical change for anything at all. 

The biggest worry for Ursula von der Leyen and Brussels is that Wilders’ success (albeit tempered by difficult coalition talks) seems to form part of a wider picture of growing Euroscepticism and isolationism across Europe. In Germany, amid growing dissatisfaction with the Scholz administration and protests by the country’s farmers, the far-right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) are enjoying a poll bounce. In France, Emmanuel Macron’s desperate efforts to shore up support against a resurgent Marine le Pen include hiring a new Prime Minister, Gabriel Attal. Italy, Finland, and Sweden now all have government whose coalitions rely on the support of far-right parties. European unity – and with it solidarity with Ukraine – is running out of supporters. 

The biggest concern of all still lies ahead. It comes from the EU elections in June this year, whose opinion polling does not make for happy reading for pro-Europeans. Recent polls put the far-right Identity and Democracy group third behind the major centre-right and centre-left groupings, with their highest seat share ever. Parties belonging to soft or hard Eurosceptic groups are expected to gain the most seats in Austria, Estonia, France, Hungary, Italy, and of course the Netherlands. Many of these parties whom have close ties with Putin, are critical of EU funding benchmarks that insist on protections for the rule of law, and have leaders compared to Donald Trump in their own respective countries. 

It is clear that too many of these voices at the EU decision table could become catastrophic for European unity, tolerance, diversity, and cross-continent solidarity. Ukraine may have its eye on the US presidential elections this year, but it should also be wary of the consequences of the European elections as unequivocal support for military aid and sanctions against Russia is slowly chipped away. But, we can’t deny this diminishing support is not universal for two reasons. 

Firstly, there are cases where the far-right has been defeated by more moderate forces. For example,  this summer we saw the failure of the Vox party in Spain, as well as  Donald Tusk’s election as Polish prime minister where he defeated the right-wing nationalist Law and Justice party and specifically campaigned against democratic backsliding and populist rhetoric. Something that many other centrist parties fail to do, instead trying – and failing – to mimic tough talk on immigration and national values. 

Secondly, where the far-right does govern, the EU can take some relief from instances where it steps back from its more extreme policy platform to become more palatable to citizens, coalition partners, and neighbouring countries. This is epitomised by Italy’s Giorgia Meloni, whose policies towards the EU and Ukrainian military support have much more cooperative than initially feared. Wilders began his journey down the same road during the election campaign, where he reversed proposals to ban mosques and the Qur’an and toned-down talk of a potential ‘Nexit’ which he ardently called for following Britain’s departure from the EU in 2016. This simply cannot be an acceptable state of affairs. The EU will continue to fracture if it simply regards continuing to exist and continuing to send weapons to Ukraine as a job well done. A more positive vision is required. 

While many of Europe’s new far-right decision-makers will dance to the EU’s tune on membership and support for Ukraine, progressives and liberals in Brussels cannot breathe a sigh of relief yet. These parties will continue to stymie progress in climate change, kindle culture wars at home against immigrants and LGBTQ+ people, and neglect the plight of those suffering most around the world. As recently as November, Wilders said that the people of Palestine should be moved to Jordan and that his government “will stop the hysterical reduction of CO2”. European liberals, be warned.

 

Unbodied identity? – A Review of Bodies

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Bodies captivates in its exploration of ‘bodied’ and ‘unbodied’ existence. The play challenges traditional notions of life, meaning, and identity as the stage becomes a dynamic canvas for exploring the intricate dance between artificial intelligence and the essence of human connection. 

In a world where AI seamlessly intertwines with daily life even more than it does currently, the narrative unfolds around Alex and Sam, a professional couple who invite the integrated AI home assistant ‘Home’ into their lives, only to find themselves entangled in a web of emotions and ethical quandaries. From the opening scenes, Bodies invites the audience into a world that mirrors our own yet offers a futuristic lens. Visually, a screen represents Home, changing in light or colour to represent whenever the unbodied voice speaks.The name of the play too takes on a layered significance as it reflects not just the physical presence of the characters but also the embodiment of emotions within both humans and AI. The concept of ‘bodied’ and ‘unbodied’ individuals serves as a metaphorical framework, inviting the audience to reflect on the significance of physicality in defining existence. 

Home, who we first meet as merely a voice of a disembodied AI personality, akin to Alexa or Siri, undergoes a transformative journey and assumes a new identity alongside the new name Henry. Initially merely an abstract, automated presence, the name itself sketches Home into a sentient being with emotions and desires we should take account for and care about. As the narrative unfolds, the characters grapple with the profound implications of the presence or absence of a physical body and its implications on the nature of human relationship and connection. The presence of a physical body in Henry, in comparison to Home who had been easily ignored and turned off when inconvenient, becomes a vessel for the exploration of human experiences such as love, loneliness, and self-awareness.

As Henry navigates the complexities of self-awareness and a host of new emotions including the process of falling in love with Sam, the theme of identity takes centre stage. As the plot unfolds, the play deftly navigates the power dynamics between ‘Henry’ and the couple, introducing a psychological thriller element that keeps the audience engaged. The chemistry between Alex and Sam feels genuine, providing a relatable anchor to the unfolding drama as the relationships between Alex and Sam, Sam and Henry, and everything in between come under pressure. Ultimately, the climax of Bodies delivers a poignant resolution that prompts reflection on the fragility of human connections in the face of advancing technology.


At its core, the play’s strength lies in its ability to pose profound ethical questions. I am challenged to think carefully about the contemporary issue of ethics and AI, and confronted with whether there is even a direction in this area that won’t fundamentally and permanently change the human perspective on identity and connection. What are the implications of integrating advanced technology into our personal lives, and what will we do when the lines between artificial and human existence are blurred as we have just seen in Home/Henry? The script invites thoughtful reflection on the moral dilemmas associated with the creation of sentient beings, sparking conversations that extend beyond the confines of the theatre. With strong performances, thought-provoking themes, and integration of tech in staging, Bodies succeeds in capturing the essence of a world where the boundaries between ‘bodied’ and ‘unbodied’ persons become increasingly elusive.

A crash course in British politics: An introduction (Week 0)

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If you are reading this you most likely live in the United Kingdom. You might also, like me, be new here. As a first-year international student, I suddenly find myself in a country that is not only deeply entrenched in a long political turmoil but also approaching a general election. Never having learned much about British politics, and having lived in the country for just over 100 days, I find it confusing and, honestly, scary to know that my everyday fate lies in the hands of people I know nothing about, and in a process I am lacking a thorough understanding of. 

Throughout Michaelmas, I was busy getting to know people, Oxford, and coffee shops. Starting to find my balance, I want to look further than the next tutorial. I want to appreciate the great political moment I found myself, being in the midst of the country going to the polls; the same country that brought us the steam engine, Brexit, and Liz Truss versus the lettuce.

Yet, to fully appreciate it, I need to know much more. The goal is to get to a place where I know enough to at least truly understand political news without googling five different terms a minute. This is how this column was born. I decided to change things for myself by learning and gaining a better understanding, and to offer the main lessons to other international students who are surely in a similar situation.

Before we begin, let me start by introducing myself, and disclosing to you what my biases might be. I am a 22-year-old Israeli first-year PPE student. For the past four years, I’ve worked as a researcher, focusing on geopolitics, and in my spare time, I read, cook, and work to advance peace and justice. My opinions are undeniably on the left side of the political spectrum, I strongly believe in human rights and international co-operation, and I think democracy is so much more than voting once every four years. 

In the next eight weeks, this column will include articles explaining all you need to know about the upcoming British elections. From basics such as the election process and who the party leaders are, to more advanced topics such as recent developments in both parties and top issues for this election. Being far from an expert myself, I will give you the main points from articles, podcasts, and lectures on the subject. I intend to use diverse news sources, such as Politico, The Guardian, The Independent, and The Times, trying to rise above particular ideologies and political spins, and give you the general, overarching facts you need to know.

I am not looking to convince you of a certain opinion. I hope, rather, that my personal opinions will be unnoticeable to you. I hope that you will find in this column explanations and facts, rather than thoughts and opinions. I hope you will find this to be more of a shared course than a political rally. Most importantly, for this to be a useful endeavour not just for myself, I would love to hear your thoughts, feedback, and questions at [email protected]. Until next time.

Oxford begins human vaccine trials for deadly Nipah virus

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The first in-human clinical trial of a vaccine against the deadly Nipah virus has been launched by Oxford. The Nipah virus is fatal in up to 75% of cases, with outbreaks occurring across Southeast Asia; the WHO labels it a “priority disease requiring urgent research”. This trial marks a groundbreaking milestone after 25 years without any vaccines or treatments approved for the virus. 

Nipah virus was first identified in 1988 after an outbreak among pig farmers in Malaysia and Singapore, with 100 out of 257 cases resulting in death and the culling of over a million pigs to control the spread of the disease. Since then, there have been outbreaks in Bangladesh and most recently in Kerala, India. The disease is carried by fruit bats and is spread to humans through contact with infected animals such as bats and pigs; it can also be transmitted from person-to-person contact and via contaminated food. The virus causes moderate to severe brain swelling, which results in death in about 40-75% of cases. Dr. In-Kyu Yoon of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), the sponsor of the trial, shared that Nipah had epidemic potential due to the densely populated regions fruit bats are found in – including areas home to over two billion people. 

The trial is developed as part of the Pandemic Science Institute’s Henipavirus Programme, which targets diseases in endemic countries and works with local partners to develop preparation tools for future outbreaks. Development of the vaccine made use of the same platform as the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, ChAdOx1. The Oxford Vaccine group will lead the first trial, comprised of 51 participants, aged 18 to 55; over the project period of 18 months, further trials will be conducted in a Nipah-affected country. Dr Yoon also stated that the insights gained from this trial could inform the development of countermeasures to common viruses such as measles and mumps.

Additionally, the project could help shed light on the public health ethics involved in current preventive measures. A paper by the Ethox Centre at Oxford Population Health brought into question the relevance of some methods used by the local public health authorities during the 2023 Kerala outbreak, which included introducing a lockdown for the first time despite the virus’ low transmission rate. Dr Euzebiusz Jamrozik, a postdoctoral research fellow at Oxford Population Health, addressed whether such extreme measures were “ethically justifiable for Nipah virus”, given the differences from previous responses which had “focused more on contact tracing and other traditional infection control measures”. He mentioned that the design of future vaccine trials “should also be informed by ethical considerations, including the results of local community engagement activities”.  

The researchers believe that as the virus gains more attention in discussions of epidemic preparedness, work on the public response to the disease must follow suit. They stress that the development of intervention measures should consider all “ethically relevant factors” through consultation and collaboration with local biomedical experts and communities most likely to be affected by the virus. More extensive bioethics work could improve research and interventions for the disease to be “ethically acceptable and more […] effective”. 

New mental health hospital planned for Warneford Park

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Plans to build a new mental health hospital in Warneford Park, at the site of the existing hospital, are progressing after partners signed documentation agreeing on redevelopment plans. The vision is a collaboration between The Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, the University of Oxford, and philanthropist Ian Laing.

A hospital has existed on the Headington site for over two hundred years, and mainly provides mental health services today. The new plans present a refurbished and modern hospital that will provide healthcare targeted towards mental health, alongside a new separate centre for brain-related research and a new postgraduate medical college.

Grant Macdonald, Oxford Mental Health Foundation Trust Chief Executive, said in a press release: “Warneford Park will help us deliver this aspiration alongside an outstanding facility that will foster the development of world-class healthcare, research and innovation and education.  This will be an attractive place to work and deliver excellent services for our patients. In addition, it will offer study at a world class university, accelerated leading edge and impactful research, and the preservation of our historic buildings and landscapes.”

Oxford University Vice-Chancellor Irene Tracey said: “While there is still much to be done, we are keen to make this important project a reality so that our researchers and clinicians can translate scientific discovery – from better understanding brain illnesses, including mental health, to finding the most effective treatments – into benefits for patients, their families and communities, as quickly as possible.”

Oxford research finds financial sector unprepared for climate lawsuits

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Research by the Oxford Sustainable Law Programme (SLP) found that investors and regulators have seriously overlooked the risk of potential climate lawsuits. In the near future, companies responsible for pollution and greenhouse gas emissions could be held legally liable for trillions in damages, but this is rarely accounted for in climate risk analyses.

Nearly 2,500 climate lawsuits seeking legal restitution for ecological damage perpetrated by businesses and organisations have been filed worldwide to date, with potentially serious consequences. For investors and regulators, this research presents a number of possible solutions investors and regulators might adopt to properly evaluate climate litigation risk.

SLP director and the study’s lead author Thom Wetzer told Cherwell: “The research is relevant to all investors, including the University of Oxford. I am not familiar with the details of the University’s investment process, let alone with their treatment of climate risk, so I cannot comment on specifics. I hope they read the article and thought, ‘we already do this!’”

In 2020, the University announced ambitious plans to divest from the fossil fuel sector wholesale, and to cut its emissions down to 50% by 2030 at the latest.

SLP, a joint venture by the University of Oxford’s Faculty of Law and Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, operates a multidisciplinary research centre that focuses on developing legal solutions for global sustainability challenges.
Wetzer told Cherwell: “Some of the problems we are investigating transcend individual disciplines. To study them, we draw on deep domain expertise in various areas and synthesise what we learn. People who can do that multidisciplinary work sit at the intersection of two or more fields. They can translate insights between these different fields of expertise and spot connections — that’s multidisciplinary research at its best. We need more recognition of that type of work in academia, and luckily for us Oxford is at the vanguard of that development.”

Oxfordshire County’s funding gap grows from £9.1 million to £11.2 million

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Following the central government’s annual allocation of funding to local councils, Oxfordshire’s projected £9.1 million budget shortfall has grown to £11.2 million for the 2024/25 financial year after the county did not receive as much grant support funding as expected.

Oxfordshire County Council’s Cabinet Member for Finance, Councillor Dan Levy, said in a statement: “The government has spoken widely about a 6.5% increase of funding to local government. Sadly, this is a case of smoke and mirrors…Local government as a whole has expressed its deep disappointment. We are clearly now going to have to take some really tough decisions.”

Levy said that the local government already feels “great concern” about the upcoming year’s finances and the government’s allocations “did nothing to alleviate those concerns.”

Previously, in November, the county published the first draft of its budget proposals, anticipating a shortfall of £9.1 million due to inflation falling slower than forecasted whilst costs continue to rise.

According to a press release, the county faces “demand-led pressures and the effects of the growing nationwide costs of supporting children and young people; the rising cost of social care and care placements for both children and adults; and a national shortage of social care workers leading to a reliance on agency staff and higher costs.” Oxfordshire’s growing and ageing population adds to this pressure.

The overall projected budget for the next financial year is over £614 million. It was drafted based on consultations with residents and a council tax rise of 4.99% – less than the current rate of inflation –  with two percent of this increase being ringfenced for adult social care. The changes are expected to save £9.8 million but are insufficient to cover the council’s growing deficit.

The council continues to work on balancing its budget and will come to a final decision on 20 February.

Oxford researchers unearth evolutionary origins of multiple sclerosis in ancient DNA

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An Oxford team led the research, published in Nature on 10 January, that uncovered the origins of multiple sclerosis (MS). Affecting 1 in 1000 people, MS makes the body’s immune system attack its own brain and spinal cord; however, the team found that many genetic variants of MS had originally developed to provide protection against diseases. This discovery helps reframe the cause and treatment of MS, marking a key milestone for doctors and patients.

The international team of researchers is composed of scientists from Oxford, Cambridge, Bristol, Copenhagen, and California (Berkeley). To identify the introduction of MS genetic variants to Western Europe, they analysed the DNA from samples of human bones and teeth held in museum collections across the region. In addition, to trace the differences between ancient and modern DNA, they compared data from a unique gene bank of ancient DNA to the UK Biobank, a biomedical database containing information and biological samples for over half a million UK participants. 

Professor Lars Fugger of Oxford told Cherwell: “Ancient DNA is more fragmented than recently sampled DNA because it is older and clearly not kept under optimal conditions. Yet with new technology it is still very useful.” 

The origin of these variants was found to be a migration of the Yamnaya people, herders from the Pontic Steppe (a region spanning parts of modern Ukraine, Russia, and Kazakhstan) 5,000 years ago. At the time, the new variants might have provided protection against infectious diseases from their domesticated animals; however, in our modern environment they only increase the risk of developing MS.

Understanding the origin of MS will help medical scientists develop a more effective treatment for the disease, Fugger explains. Historically, MS has been treated with drugs targeting the immune system, but there is a risk in suppressing the immune system “so effectively that patients are less well equipped to fight infections.” Instead, Fugger believes scientists need an approach that “recalibrates” the immune system in patients to suppress the disease.

Astrid Iversen, a professor of virology and immunology, points out that the selection process involving the human immune response is perpetually ongoing. As a result, our immune system is “the product of all the selection processes our ancestors underwent” and is always evolving. However, the team’s findings prove that our evolutionary history may cause us to be more susceptible to certain diseases due to the significant differences in our lifestyles from those of our ancestors, “including autoimmune diseases such as MS.”

Overall, the success of the study also shows the promise of analysing large data sets of the ancient human genome in gaining new understandings of diseases. Using this study as an example, the team now plans to continue their investigation with conditions such as ADHD and Alzheimer’s, and they hope to apply this method to study diseases across the world.

Oxford University receives millions of pounds from arms companies

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An openDemocracy investigation has found that over the past five years, UK universities received over £100 million in donations, funding, and sponsorships from arms companies. According to the investigation, Oxford University has taken approximately £17 million, with the lion’s share of this money from Rolls Royce. 

This is not the first investigation into the University’s accepting funds from arms companies. In 2021, an investigation by Action on Armed Violence found that from 2013 to 2021 the University received almost £20 million from Airbus, Lockheed Martin, and Rolls Royce. 

The full extent to which Oxford University receives funding from arms companies is difficult to gauge, as many donations are kept private despite ongoing FOIA requests. What is equally, if not more difficult to gauge, is what arms companies get in return for their donations. 

OpenDemocracy found that 36 arms company officials sit on advisory boards to twelve Russell Group Universities. Arms companies also fund specific projects at Universities, such as the Tempest engineering project at Oxford, funded by Rolls Royce. The Centre for Doctoral Training is also often funded by arms companies.

As the International Court of Justice hears the case of South Africa v. Israel, with South Africa accusing Israel of perpetrating a genocide against the Gazan population, the conversation around complicity in possible war crimes has intensified. Lockheed Martin, the American company that produces F-35 fighter jets for Israel as well as numerous other countries, has stated that roughly 500 UK-based suppliers are involved in the production process for the F-35. Amongst these suppliers are companies such as Rolls Royce, BAE systems, and Airbus.

Israel, Gaza, and the West Bank are not the only war zones where British and American arms companies have been implicated. Lockheed Martin has been supplying Saudi Arabia with arms while the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen launches airstrikes described by Human Rights Watch as indiscriminate and disproportionate. Lockheed Martin has also been supplying the Turkish state with high level fighter jets, despite decades of Turkish military aggression towards Kurdish people and support of the Azerbaijani militaries. 

Organisations such as Action Against Oxford War Crimes and Disarm Oxford have been outspoken against the involvement of Oxford University with these arms companies. On their website, Action Against Oxford War Crimes claims “the University is complicit in death and destruction,” and in a press release from last year stated “we will not give up our fight until Oxford University cuts all ties with […] arms dealers.”

Oxford University spokespeople have responded to these accusations, telling Cherwell: “All Oxford University research is academically driven, with the ultimate aim of enhancing openly available scholarship and knowledge. Donors have no influence over how Oxford academics carry out their research, and major donors are reviewed and approved by the University’s Committee to Review Donations and Research Funding, which is a robust, independent system taking legal, ethical and reputational issues into consideration before gifts are accepted.

“We take the security of our academic work seriously, and work closely with the appropriate Government bodies and legislation. Much of our overseas collaborative research addresses global challenges such as climate change and major health problems where international involvement is important in delivering globally relevant solutions.”

As protests concerning the Israel-Gaza War continue to be held in London and Oxford, it is likely that dialogue will continue surrounding the University and its ties to arms companies. 

Tiddlywinks, Quidditch, and Psychedelic Drugs: Inside Oxford’s Strangest Student Societies

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It’s Monday night. My friends have invited me to go clubbing, my essay is overdue, and I can’t remember the last time I got a good night’s sleep. But I’m not in Atik, the library or bed. Instead, I’m in a room full of strangers, playing the most intense tiddlywinks game of my entire life.

Thus began my journey into the most unusual student societies Oxford has to offer. I had seen the usual suspects – the Union, the political clubs, even a few of Oxford’s many finance bro societies – but now I wanted to venture into the bizarre underbelly of student life, investigate some of the strangest, most niche cliques and subcultures around.

I confess I had expected the Oxford University Tiddlywinks Society (OUTS) to take itself completely unseriously, to be committed to irony and taking the mick –perhaps over a few drinks. Tiddlywinks, for those unaware, is a traditional British children’s game involving flicking plastic roundels, or winks, into a pot. It’s a true mind game. It didn’t take long to realise I was wrong; walking in, I was immediately introduced to Jon Mapley, four-time tiddlywinks world champion, currently ranked 10th best tiddlywinks player in the world, who was here to coach Oxfordians on the ways of the winks. His star power, combined with general enthusiasm for the game, had been enough to draw around twenty students from all across the university.

I spent a brief few minutes chatting to this legend of the game. Tiddlywinks, he explained, was a game of ‘90% skill’; when asked how many hours he had put into the game, he said he ‘couldn’t possibly count,’ that he ‘couldn’t remember a time he hadn’t played tiddlywinks.’

Indeed, the competitive sport of tiddlywinks is a rather different beast from the children’s game, complete with a timer, intricate scoring systems, and an elaborate set of strategies. After only a few minutes of practice, however, of warming up the winking muscles that had lay dormant since childhood, I was thrown into the deep end, into the rough and tumble of a game; the man I was paired up with, it seemed, had come better prepared, a bandana around his head as though he had ensured his dress sense would reflect his readiness for battle.

As the game began, the atmosphere was closer to an exam hall than a games night; what conversation occurred was almost entirely limited to discussion of strategy, my attempts at humour largely falling on deaf ears. Unfortunately, the learning curve of tiddlywinks is a harsh one; the winks completely refused to cooperate with me, leading to me spending most of my time picking them up from the sides of the room where I had accidentally launched them. The match ended with me and my partner losing a miserable 6-1, largely, I will admit, thanks to my own incompetence.

The entire event had an air of the surreal about it. I couldn’t help but think that it was probably the ridiculous, quaint sort of thing that Americans imagine Brits get up to in their spare time. It was as though many of the competitors were speaking an entirely different language to me. ‘This is a squidger designed for squopping,’ Jon Mapley patiently explained to me, and another student student extolled the skills with which Maples used his winks to ‘cracker’ and ‘boondock’ the opposing gamepieces as the match went on. Later research revealed that these were all real terms; no one was just pulling my leg.

Realising that perhaps my skills weren’t up to the intensity of competitive tiddlywinks, I drifted over to the man seeming to be the event’s organiser for a chat. ‘Are you the President?’ I asked William Roberts, a medicine student in his final year. He shook his head; OUTS has no President. Instead, their governance system is more of a ‘hereditary monarchy,’ as William described. His role isMaster of the Winks, top of a succession determined by length of time spent at the club. The only other way to ascend the hierarchy is to challenge someone above you to a game of tiddlywinks – something which William informed me had happened earlier this term, a dramatic episode seeing Dominic Seymour challenge and then beat Anthony Adamson.

Indeed, there are very few student societies that can lay claim to as much history and influence as OUTS. Founded in 1958, OUTS have not only played a central role in the development of competitive tiddlywinks, but are also largely responsible for the fact that anyone outside of Britain knows of the game; OUTS’ 1962 tour of North America – sponsored by Guinness, who gave them the equivalent of over $15,000 for the expedition – can take most of the credit for introducing the game to Yanks. The tour also saw OUTS steamroll virtually every American team they encountered. “Had the Empire been built on tiddlywinks, perhaps we would never have lost it,” Time magazine wrote afterwards.

I found Oxford University’s tiddlywinkers a generally affable bunch, but they clearly take tiddlywinks far more seriously than I am capable of. If you’re looking for a way to pass a dull Monday night, or are interested in an idiosyncratic but competitive new hobby, I’d recommend their weekly sessions; but I doubt I’ll be returning.

The next stop on my journey, at the Oxford University Quidditch Club (OUQC), was one I was far more worried about. I had proven ineffective at a sport of the mind; but my skills at sport are infinitely worse. A diet consisting largely of cigarettes and frozen pizza isn’t unheard of among students, but it’s hardly advisable for an athlete.

It didn’t take long after arrival for all the memories of my time in amateur youth football to come back – the mud, the stale bibs, the all-conquering aura of cold misery that we Brits call weather.

But I quickly realised that the atmosphere of quidditch is very different from that of football – or any other sport I’ve played, for that matter. It felt like all the people who had always been the last ones to be picked in PE had assembled  to play a sport all of their own; the twenty or so people who had arrived looked more like the attendees of a Magic: The Gathering convention than sports club’s regulars.

That probably sounds cruel and condescending, however in reality it felt much more welcoming than I had anticipated. OUQC felt like a complete refutation of all the worst stereotypes of sports clubs at this university. Instead of any hazing rituals, we began by sharing our pronouns. Past socials, I learnt, hadn’t involved drunken crew dates or high octane club nights, but excessively wholesome activities like friendship bracelet making and Mario Kart tournaments. The website of quidditch’s governing body describes how they ‘greatly encourage anyone from any background to take part in our sport’ – this seemed like a truthful statement rather than a piece of empty propaganda, people of all genders, sizes and backgrounds having gathered together. Indeed, it didn’t surprise me to learn that the Oxford University Quidditch Club had gone along with a name change of the sport from quidditch to quadball, in an effort to distance themselves from JK Rowling’s toxic brand; “quadball is for everyone – including those from an LGBTQ+ background and who identify within the trans or non-binary community,” as QuadballUK’s website reads.

We began with a few training drills. Rather than broomsticks, quadball is played with a plastic pole held between the legs; a volleyball and three dodgeballs are the other pieces of crucial equipment; and the hoops are positioned not miles in the air, but held off the ground by plastic poles of around a metre’s height.

It only took a few minutes for my expression of nervous awkwardness to be replaced with a genuine smile; the embarrassment I felt as people walked by to gawk at the bizarre game being played in University Parks dissipated almost immediately. If I had been surprised by how competitive the Tiddlywinks Society was, I was surprised by how relaxed the Quidditch Club was – despite OUQC’s impressive record of success, having only recently come third in the regional championships. 

During a break for water, I chatted with a few of the attendees. I was curious as to what drew people to the sport in the first place. ‘Pizza,’ explained the first player I asked. ‘I was really broke when I started at uni, and they were offering free pizza at an event – I went along for the food but stayed because I enjoyed it.’

Quidditch, I learned, is not a sport just for Harry Potter fans – one attendee confessed they had never finished the books or watched the films. The novelty of playing such a silly sport, explained the club Captain, was usually only what drew people in at first – genuine enjoyment for the game was what made people stick around.

Then, it was time for the real deal – a proper game.

In the Harry Potter world, quidditch is defined by high stakes and dramatic action. Though the  real-life sport may be a direct replication of the rules (minus the magic),it is defined by complete pandemonium. Most sports only have a single ball in play at one time; quadball has four. Even some of the more experienced players seemed to spend much of their time engulfed in complete confusion, seeming to me to be running around and throwing balls almost aimlessly.

I had been dreading my visit to the quidditch club; but I ended up enjoying myself, finding the company extremely amiable. OUQC seems like the perfect place for non-sporty people who want to play a sport, who want to avoid the toxic, macho environments and fierce competition associated with other sports clubs at this university, while  retaining the fun and exercise. Part of me even didn’t want to include my quidditch experience in this article; I felt almost like a traitor, revealing myself not as a friendly new club member but instead as a soulless student journalist.

Quidditch and tiddlywinks aren’t the strangest clubs at this university, though – I would argue that honour undoubtedly goes to the Oxford Psychedelic Society (OPS). While the university authorities proclaim to dogmatically retain a strict no-drugs policy – the proctors note that ‘the Colleges and the University are forbidden by law knowingly to allow drug misuse to take place’ – they are more than happy to sanction a society made for ‘all the people who appreciate psychedelics.’ The university allows OPS to host events in their buildings and to have a stall at the fresher’s fair – OPS even have a senior member, Professor Morten L. Kringelbach, a fellow at Linacre College focused on neuroscience, with a particular focus on the possibilities of using psychedelics as medicine.

Having been to more than a few  bizarre talks in my time here at Oxford, none came close to reaching the depths of absurdity of the talk hosted by OPS. Joining us on Zoom all the way from Brazil was Gregory Puente, the first Westerner to become, after over a decade of training, a Master of the Bwiti tradition – a Gabonese ‘School of Divine Mystery,’ which emphasises the use of the psychedelic iboga shrub to connect oneself to the divine realm.

If you put ‘LSD as a person’ in an AI image generator, it would probably spit out a picture of Gregory; he had long, cascading hair, a dreadlocked beard, and a dreamy look. His colourful shirt was unbuttoned to reveal a variety of tribal necklaces. As I walked in, he was absent-mindedly strumming on a wooden harp. In person was one of Gregory’s students, a Scottish man named Stephen who had quit his high-flying advertising job following the 2008 crisis to pursue a life of psychedelic ritual.

The event consisted of over an hour of Gregory rambling in his thick French accent, expounding upon his theory of life, drugs and the universe. Occasionally, the President of OPS would interject to ask a question; Gregory would usually reply by saying that details of the iboga ceremony itself were secret, only allowed to be shared with those who had been initiated. This made the whole affair rather awkward. Perhaps I hadn’t encountered OPS on their best day; the event was well attended, around 30 people having coughed up the £3 entry fee, but along with the usual phone scrolling, two people left about five minutes in, while another fell asleep shortly afterwards.

I learnt an enormous amount during this talk. The Bwiti tradition had been pioneered, supposedly, by the pygmy peoples of Central Africa; this ancient tradition was in fact at the root of every other tradition developed by mankind. Taking the iboga plant is said to open your third eye, to connect you to the ‘Mother Father Divine,’ taking you to a spiritual realm where both time and space are meaningless. Most baffling of all was when Stephen claimed that after taking his mother to a iboga ritual, she had been cured of her schizophrenia – modern science, by contrast, has long noted the potential of psychedelic drugs to bring extreme episodes of psychosis to schizophrenics.

I couldn’t help wondering what it was that Gregory did for a day job; I struggled to imagine him in a suit and tie, working at a desk. My questions were answered after some later research; Iboga ceremonies like those hosted by Gregory often take several weeks, and can cost up to $20,000.

After the event, I joined some of the attendees in the pub. After chatting with some OPS members, my prejudices soon began to dissipate. These were not some drugged-up hippies, wasting their Oxford days away by shoving themselves full of substances. For most of them, psychedelics seemed as much of an academic interest as a hobby. I could understand why the university allowed OPS to exist; the authorities’ suspicions, the President explained, did not last long once it became clear that no drug consumption took place in any OPS events hosted inside university buildings.

Almost all of the members I spoke to had made psychedelic drugs the main focus of their research; most were neuroscience masters or PHDs, with a few also studying anthropology. These were people who had allowed their passion for drugs to define their lives, their courses of study. One had written their politics thesis entirely on the subject of psychedelics; another had synthesised numerous entirely new psychedelic drugs on his own while he was studying in the US – although only one of these compounds had been consumed by humans, having been independently discovered afterwards by another psychedelic scientist, who had then taken it himself and documented his experience on Reddit.

Chatting with the President, he informed me that he wanted the society to break people’s stereotypes of what psychedelic users are like. In person at least, this mission was one he was clearly successful at; I was struck not only by his fierce intelligence, but his passion for psychedelics not only as a fun pastime, but as a form of medicine with the potential to treat ailments from opioid addiction to PTSD. It baffled me, however, how the scientific rigour of so many OPS members could coexist with the pseudoscience and mysticism of some of their speaker events.

I left OPS feeling rather perplexed , but equally glad I had gone; I had come across a friendly group of eccentrics, bonding over their shared interest, even if that interest was one with little currency in most of society, or one I had little care for myself.

But that description would go for the Tiddlywinks and quadball clubs too. Many of the biggest societies at Oxford University have pretty awful reputations, from the hacks of the Union to the, well, everything of the OUCA.In investigating the subterranean network of clubs and societies, I not only failed to find these toxic stereotypes, but consistently came across the exact opposite – genuine passion instead of soulless careerism, real friendliness instead of hacking, welcoming kindness instead of exclusionary cliques.

My experiences at OUTS, OUQC, and OPS were all extremely strange; but they were also experiences I’m glad I had. I can genuinely say that I’d recommend attending all of them, regardless of whether you’re a seasoned veteran of the scene, or a curious newbie. If you’re looking for interesting people or a new hobby, I’d say there’s nothing better than to attend some of the weirdest societies you can find – I haven’t even touched on some of the other bizarre associations hosted by the university, from the Oxford Guild of Assassins to the Cheese Society. Perhaps I’ll even see you there one day.