Saturday, May 10, 2025
Blog Page 1075

Oliver’s Twist: Left Behind

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According to Netflix, ‘this film is ominous’ and ‘full of suspense’. May I also add ‘absolutely shite’? I honestly can’t remember the last time I watched quite such a ridiculous film. Chad Michael Murray isn’t even sporting luscious blond hair, and Cassi Thomson has the acting ability of a porn star. Nicholas Cage (not that I’ve ever actually liked him) was unable to save this film’s mediocrity, although he was certainly less tragic than Chad, with his brainless one-liners – something I shall revisit. Left Behind has a 1-star rating on Netflix, and the most recent member review voices a confusion as to whether the movie is supposed to be a thriller or a comedy.

The basic plot line follows an Evangelic Christian belief that, one day, God will quite literally abduct all Christian believers from Earth and ‘save’ them in Heaven. About halfway through the film, there is a brief flash and millions of people disappear, including the brother of the main character, Chloe (Thomson). These people even leave behind all their clothes – all those nasty sinful snapbacks and Paul’s Boutique undergarments! The rest of the film follows Chloe’s treasure hunt to find her brother (no, he’s not in your handbag), and her father’s (Cage) attempt to land a plane without co-pilot or fuel; not that a lack of fuel has anything whatsoever do to with people vanishing…. God decided to remove the believers during the flight, not before. But never fear! For Chad Michael Bloody Murray is here! Together the daring duo must try to land the plane on an empty highway in Queens, New York.

But the problems do not stop there: Chloe is trying to clear the highway using a car that she’s found, but the telephone signal keeps cutting out! “Keep trying!” Cage says to Chad. “I will!” Chad says to Cage, shaking his cellphone. “No!” Chad exclaims when they run out of fuel. But Chad has a plan… “Go on your phone and open the compass app!” he cries heroically to Chloe from the cockpit of the plane. But even after superb compass app usage, they still can’t see the highway! Chloe needs to make some sort of signal so Nicholas and Chad can see her from the plane. “Can you see me? I’m flashing my lights!” she wails. Chloe, not even Nicholas Watery-Eyed Cage and Chad Michael Murray can see your headlights flashing when they’re 1000 feet in the air flying over New York, you stupid, stupid girl. But of course, there is something that can be blown up in the vicinity. So Chloe whips out her lighter and blows up a load of oil barrels which are just standing there on the highway. And so, through admirable use of the compass application, Nicholas Cage manages to land a plane. The end, and thank God.

If you are ever inclined to watch respected actors making a fool of themselves or a film which completely takes the Michelle out of religion, Left Behind is for you.

Lessons from history: the first Labour government (1924)

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On this day in 1924, Ramsay MacDonald became the first Labour Prime Minister. Although he would only be Prime Minister for nine months, he proved that Labour was competent and wellorganised enough to run government. Beatrice Webb called this period a “testing of men and measures before they are actually called to assume majority power,” yet MacDonald would stand for much more as the first Prime Minister from a working class background. In his cabinet were ten other members of working class origins and the first female cabinet minister. The King wrote, “I wonder what [Queen Victoria] would have thought of a Labour government!” MacDonald’s victory can be attributed to his indefatigable personality, his pacifism, and his fundamental principles, such as education for all. The Lad from Lossiemouth would later implement the Unemployment Act and the Special Areas Act in his National Government in 1934, aiding areas of mass unemployment. His formation of the coalition National Government in 1931 has been seen as a betrayal, but also as a “sacrifice for the common good”. 

Ultimately, MacDonald proved that the Labour Party could govern the country and present an opposition to both Liberals and Conservatives. Certainly, the National Government of 1931 seemed a huge setback. But MacDonald was looking further than the interests of his own party, something he cannot be condemned for. That’s what we want from politicians. Corbyn’s attempt to move debates away from the Labour Party towards the current state of the country itself shows something of MacDonald’s vision for Labour. But Labour can’t afford to become as divided as it did under MacDonald’s leadership; now more than ever it needs all members of the party united.

2016 in technology: what will be the next big thing?

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When you hear predictions for politics and world affairs in 2016, you would be forgiven for thinking that it is not going to be the best of years. Thankfully, it’s not all doom and gloom – there are plenty of exciting things to look out for in the world of technology.

You will hear your neighbour boasting about their new electric car

This year will undoubtedly see key developments in the future of personal transportation. As of yet, electric cars have been too expensive for the majority of buyers. However, with many affordable options unveiled at the recent Detroit motor show, they are set to become an increasingly compelling choice. Expect to hear about it at the street Christmas party. 

Perhaps even more interesting is that the big players – Google, Ford, Toyota and Renault-Nissan – look set to release their driverless cars this year. Though Apple have not formally announced their intentions to develop a car, as Tesla CEO Elon Musk put it, “It’s pretty hard to hide something if you hire over a thousand engineers to do it”. 

Driverless technology is gaining speed, but how it will be regulated remains uncertain. With recent reports about driverless cars struggling to recognise cyclists, I have chosen to invest in a helmet. 

Artificial Intelligence will replace merchant bankers 

As we all settle down to the delightful prospect of another term of learning followed by quickly forgetting, we can take comfort from the fact that computers do not have to spend hours in the library to do things better than we can. 

Artificial Intelligence is a bit of a confusing description. It doesn’t just mean the humanoid robots of Hollywood blockbusters, but also things which we already use every day, such as search engines. It has already impacted our lives in a number of ways, but will become increasingly commercially relevant in the finance and health sectors, used to generate reports, handle so-called ‘big data’ and provide diagnosis assistants to healthcare professionals. The technology giants are paying more and more attention to Artificial Intelligence companies, and the established systems such as IBM Watson and Google (with their latest ‘D-wave 2X’) are branching out. 

There are important ethical debates to be had about the long-term direction and regulation of this technology, and many respected scientists have voiced their concerns about its possible implications, going so far as to say that it spells the end of the human race. While the doomsday predictions are still a while ahead of us, greater public discussion about the robots we want and those we don’t want, to establish an ethical framework for research in this field, is vital. 

Our phones will know more about our health than our doctors 

Healthcare systems are still running on a 1960s model and, much like the Rolling Stones, nothing really stays at its prime for that long. While doctors are no longer wearing flares, healthcare has yet to take full advantage of omnipresence of technology in our lives. This year will see an increasing number of health-related apps being released, spanning more than just the fitness industry. 

Google already knows a worrying number of things about us, but soon they may even know our blood pressure. There will of course be commercial applications, but I also sincerely hope that technology can begin to have more positive impact managing and treating medical conditions. This will require a more innovative and involved approach from healthcare providers, working alongside technology companies. Debate over the handling of sensitive data will come to the fore and, shock horror, we may even have to start paying for services if we don’t want the information we provide them to be sold to advertisers. 

Pollution of the oceans will become a more important issue 

We all like our oceans, but we also dump around eight million tons of plastic into them each year. An estimated 100,000 sea mammals and millions of seabirds and fish die each year as a result of entanglement or ingestion of plastics. 

20-year-old Boyan Slat and his crowd funded company The Ocean Cleanup have tested several prototypes of their cleaning system, which relies on a network of long floating barriers that help the ocean currents gather plastic passively. A 100-metre barrier segment will be deployed in the North Sea in the second quarter of this year, with the aim to deploy the first operational cleaning system off the coast of Tsushima Island (between Japan and South- Korea) shortly afterwards. 

Whether this will help to clean up the river Cherwell is as of yet unclear. 

Jupiter will become a little less mysterious 

NASA’s Juno spacecraft is expected to enter orbit around Jupiter on the 4th of July. As of January 8th 2016, Juno is approximately 457 million miles (735 million kilometers) from Earth and is travelling at approximately 56,000 miles per hour (around 25 kilometers per second) relative to Earth. By analyzing Jupiter’s atmosphere and magnetic field, it hopes to shine light on the origin and evolution of Jupiter and give us more clues as to the origin of our solar system.

Stepping in where the government won’t

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Wednesday was a bittersweet day for asylum campaigners, allies and refugees, as the positive precedent achieved in a groundbreaking case on reuniting refugee families was marred by reports of a ‘red door policy’ in the north-east of England, used to demarcate the homes of migrants.

First, the good news: asylum campaigners were victorious in a landmark ruling that affirmed the right of refugees to be reunited with family members in the UK. The case involved three unaccompanied children and a dependent adult, who fled Syria in September and have been living in the ‘Jungle’ at Calais since October. It was based around the principles of the Dublin III Regulations, an EU-wide set of criteria that determine member state responsibility for refugees. Hitherto, the regulations had meant that asylum seekers could only join their family in Britain if they had applied for asylum in France, and the French government had subsequently asked the British to take on the case. The lawyers on this case, championed and supported by Citizens UK – the country’s ‘hub’ of community organization,  were successful in showing that the Dublin system is not working. As such, the four individuals will be allowed to join their relatives in Britain while the Home Office considers their application. The ruling represents a new precedent in British law, and will hopefully result in the reunification of vulnerable people with their loved ones through safe and legal channels, rather than through the perilous journey they must undertake today 

Second, the bad: news broke that homes provided to asylum seekers in the north-east of England are identifiable by their red doors, which in turn render the homes (and families within) easy targets for racial hatred. Reports have been made of dog excrement being smeared on doors, bricks and eggs being thrown through windows, and National Front graffiti being sprayed on walls. An urgent audit has been launched by the Home Office to investigate the claims, and the director of G4S, the subcontractor in question, has said that there is ‘absolutely no such policy’ to mark the homes of migrants in this manner. Whether such a policy exists or not, it is demonstrative of a lack of empathy and foresight on the part of the contractors, while the abuse that the families have suffered provides another damning indication of a dangerous retreat to racism and inter-communal animus.                                           

So what does this mean for the British response to asylum seekers and refugees? The legal shift indicated by this ruling should be celebrated for its fundamental characteristics of humanity and empathy, two elements which are clearly lacking in the latter case. However, the intersection of international regulatory architecture and domestic governance is one that is being constantly reshaped: while this judgment is a step in the right direction, British policy and commitment to alleviating the refugee crisis remains sorely lacking.

The refugee crisis we face requires a multifaceted response: it is clear that international guidelines alone are insufficient without domestic commitment and interpretation, and national situations too require clear and direct policy to promote a welcoming environment for those fleeing war-torn countries. Much of the slack is being picked up by civil society organisations, whether that is in providing assistance on the ground to inhabitants of the ‘Jungle’, or in reshaping legal norms as with Citizens UK’s role in this case. By taking initiatives and stepping in where states are failing, these organisations are proving that they have become vital in solving what is arguably one of the greatest humanitarian crises of our lifetime.  The work of non-state actors is changing the fabric of international society; however, whether it can precipitate enduring shifts in foreign policy and interstate relations remains open to debate. For it to do so requires all of our support. 

The Hilary Term edition of Sir, Oxford’s principal student journal of international affairs, will examine the role of such new actors in the international sphere. It is currently calling for submissions under the theme of ‘Changing Players, Changing Game?’: please visit our Facebook page or email [email protected] for more information.  The deadline for pitches is this Sunday, 24th January.

To become more involved in advocacy and campaigning with regard to the migrant crisis, please see Oxford Migrant Solidarity, Oxford for Syria, Oxford Students Refugee Campaign and Oxpand. 

Editathon held to celebrate Wikipedia

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The Oxford Internet Institute held a three-hour Wikipedia Editathon on January 15 to mark the free encyclopaedia’s 15th birthday. 

In particular, researchers set out to improve entries about the ‘The Social Internet’, which covers topics from Uber, electoral predictions and the digital divide to freedom of speech, emojis and data surveillance. 

The encyclopaedia is ranked among the ten most popular websites in the world and constitutes the internet’s largest and most popular general reference work. The latest in a series of fundraising campaigns to keep the website free began recently. 

Dr Martin Poulter, the Bodleian Libraries’ Wikimedian in Residence who led the Editathon told Cherwell, “The Oxford Internet Institute wanted to run an event in which researchers and students would improve Wikipedia, and I suggested it happen on Wikipedia’s birthday as it would make the ideal present for Wikipedia. 

“We had about 30 people turn up. There were presentations from six researchers about Wikipedia’s strengths and weaknesses: there are still big problems of inequality across countries and across languages. Then again, a lot of those inequalities are present – even worse – in the traditional scholarly literature. 

“Wikipedia and its sister projects (collectively called ‘Wikimedia’) are potential platforms for researchers, librarians and educators that improve the knowledge that’s freely and openly available on these sites, they can reach a huge audience and shape public understanding of their subjects. But there’s a cultural change needed (and gradually happening) to make these sites accepted as part of their work.” 

When describing his role at Bodleian libraries, Poulter added, “My job is to build those links. Working in the Bodleian, I can use its collections of cultural treasures from around the world, but I also get to run training events with the Oxford Internet Institute and other parts of the University. Some are open to students; keep an eye on the IT Services events list.” 

 

Professor Glyn Humphreys,1954-2016

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Professor Glyn Humphreys, Watts Chair of Experimental Psychology and Head of
the Department of Experimental Psychology, died suddenly on 14th January while in Hong Kong as a Distinguished Visiting Professor.

The department released a statement on its website, noting that, “Psychology has lost a wonderful friend, a caring mentor and a brilliant scientist.” 

Educated at Bristol University in the late 1970s and formerly holding a professorship at Birmingham University and special professorships in Germany and China, Professor Humphreys was described as a “world leading authority in cognitive neuropsychology”, according to the statement, and had been recognised by numerous awards and honours including the British Psychological Society Lifetime achievement award in 2015. 

“Members of the Department of Psychology have been deeply affected by this extremely sad news,” the statement continued. 

“Glyn was so young and so full of life and vitality. Together with his wife and colleague Jane Riddoch they brought both wisdom and experience to experimental Psychology and the Medical school. Our thoughts are with Jane and their family,” it read.

The department has established a memorial webpage where those wishing to pay their tributes to Professor Humphreys can share their memories, where many former colleagues and pupils have written. 

Professor and Chair of Experimental Psychology David Clark wrote of Professor Humphreys, “Always available, always generous, always thoughtful and never pretentious, Glyn has been a transformative head of department […] Psychology has lost a brilliant experimentalist who also had that rare ability to consistently translate his findings into something that is a genuine help to patients. Thank you Glyn for showing so many of us a better way.” 

Professor of Developmental Nuropsychology Dorothy Bishop echoed these thoughts. “He was kind and considerate to everyone, and never showed any sign of self-importance despite being such a major figure in the field.

The whole department is in shock and is grieving the loss of a great psychologist,” she wrote.

Magdalena Chechlacz, a postdoctoral fellow who worked with and was supervised by Professor Humphreys, wrote of his ability as a teacher, “He was an incredibly kind, very generous and very patient teacher. 

“He had this amazing ability to impart his knowledge and experience without trying to change your individual way of seeing things.”

Andrew Olson, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Birmingham, noted that Humphreys was “incredibly supportive of students, young staff and international visitors, both personally and professionally.”

This sentiment has been reiterated in messages from those he knew all over the world. 

A memorial event for Dr. Humphreys will be held at Wolfson College on Saturday May 28.

Too Many Man at The ISIS rave

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The ISIS has revealed that police were called on Wednesday night to help manage queues at their ‘Grime and Punishmentevent at The Cellar, preventing anyone from entering or exiting the club for a period of around 15 minutes. 

On a night that The ISIS had promised to present “the most punishing beats, the Biggest Bangers and the Best of the underground, from both sides of the pond,” things are reported to have got out of control. 

Despite the long queues outside and reports of cramped conditions in Frewin Court outside The Cellar, The ISIS reports that the event never reached full capacity. One of the clubbers, a second year historian from University College, described the relative calm inside the club, telling Cherwell, “In my experience, loads of Burning Down the house nights were much more packed. It was by no means full. I had a good time, I think, because I got into the club early on.” 

Amongst those who did not make it into the club night, there appears to have been considerable frustration with the event’s management. One Facebook user posted on the event’s Facebook page describing how the night was “a waste of a pinger.” 

Responding to criticism over how the night was conducted, The ISIS posted on the event’s page that, “We are aware of the problems in the queue last night, and we were deeply concerned by the situation in the lane outside Cellar, where conditions for those queueing were unacceptable. We will continue to listen to those coming forward with concerns about the situation on the door.” 

Looking to the future, The ISIS stressed that, “We are in discussion about several ideas, including advance ticketing, roped access to the alleyway leading to Purple Turtle, and asking Cellar to provide additional security at their future events. 

“If our concerns and requests for further security in future are not taken into account, we will consider suspending any of our future events from being held at Cellar.” 

The night was positively received by a number of students. Harry George, a Merton student, for instance, stated that he “bloody loved” the night. 

And in the words of second year Trinity linguist, Alec Fullerton, “If you pardon the pun, it was a somewhat grime-y evening.” 

OUSU responds to higher education reform

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Proposed changes to higher education in England were presented to Parliament in November by the Department for Business, Innovation & Skills in a green paper entitled, “Fulfilling our Potential: Teaching Excellence, Social Mobility and Student Choice.” 

The green paper sets out proposals to change the landscape of higher education, which include introducing a “Teaching Excellence Framework” (TEF), increasing access for disadvantaged groups and establishing a new “Office for students to promote the student interest”. 

At this week’s OUSU Council meeting, the council went through its official response to the green paper. 

OUSU expressed concerns about the green paper’s impact on students with disabilities and on gender reassignment, pregnancy and maternity, sexual orientation and religion policy. 

On the subject of the TEF, the statement read, ‘‘We remain sceptical of any metric, or limited set of metrics, that attempts to quantify the quality of an educative experience.” 

The response also questioned the validity of the planned framework on the grounds that it was “designed almost entirely as an undergraduate measure.” 

Becky Howe, OUSU President, told Cherwell, “We are completely against linking increased tuition fees to teaching quality, as this will result in a situation where ‘better’ institutions cost more money. We strongly suspect this will discourage students who are debt averse (research shows that those from the lowest socioeconomic backgrounds are most debt averse) from applying to top institutions such as our own.” 

Another aspect of the government’s proposed changes to higher education, the scrapping of maintenance grants, was also criticised during this Wednesday’s OUSU council. Until now, the poorest students have been provided with up to £3,387 per year extra non-repayable support, with the aim of reducing financial barriers to university. This government’s proposed changes to student loans would see, from this autumn, means-tested grants being switched to loans repayable after graduation. It will end the decades-long process, which has seen student grants incrementally switched into loans. 

Andrew Smith, Labour MP for Oxford East, commenting on the impact of the scrapping of maintenance grants on students in Oxford, told Cherwell, “Maintenance grants provide vital support for students from lower income backgrounds, both those from Oxford and those who come to study here. In 2014-15, these grants ensured that over 7,000 poorer students studying in Oxford did not leave further education with greater debts than their more privileged peers. In spite of Labour’s attempt to halt the Tories’ plans in the house of Commons, they have forced through sweeping changes, which will scrap these grants.’’ 

The Institute for Fiscal studies substantiate the regressive impact this change will have, calculating that, “The poorest 40% of students going to university in England will now graduate with debts of up to £53,000 from a three-year course, rather than up to £40,500.”

Cat Jones, OUSU Vice President for Access and Academic affairs, stated to Cherwell, “OUSU has been lobbying against the proposal to scrap maintenance grants since it was announced in the July emergency budget. We’re appalled that, despite making no mention of it in their manifesto, the government have taken away this vital support from the future applicants that need it the most. A larger loan for those with lower household in comes is in no way an adequate replacement for a non-repayable grant. Under the new system, students from less well-off backgrounds will owe thousands of pounds more to the government than their richer peers.’’ 

Jones added, ‘‘We would like to thank our local MP Andrew Smith and the team at the National Union of Students (NUS) for their support in challenging this regressive policy and are hugely disappointed to have lost the House of Commons debate by just 11 votes.’’ 

NUS has said it is “outraged” with the result of a vote to scrap maintenance grants for over half a million of England’s students hours after protesters blocked Westminster Bridge.

The protests were organized by the national Campaign Against Fees and Cuts. A member, Hope Worsdale, said, “This is not only a direct attack on working class students, but it also shows the Government’s flagrant disregard for the most basic democratic processes.”

Nichola Blackwood, the Conservative MP for Oxford West, did not respond to requests for comment. 

 

Review: The Book of Mormon

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The Book of Mormon is a biting satirical comedy on two missionaries who are assigned to Uganda as their mission destination and

when they arrive, find themselves ignored. Trying to convince the locals of the truth of the Mormon faith, they are met with disgruntled disbelief. The better of the two missionaries sticks strictly to the party line, while the worse moderates the Mormon religion to help give the locals a form of the religion that they actually want to believe – to the consternation of the Mormon leaders back in the US.

The most controversial humour was the song of the Ugandans ‘Hasa Diga Ebowai’, mocking the Americans’ faith by showing the suffering of the Africans. For them, their suffering makes belief in God impossible. This song both says ‘Fuck you, God!’ and highlights the hypocrisy of Americans with a ‘white saviour complex’ who attempt to bring ‘light to the dark continent.’ An update of Conrad, then – only with more swearing, abuse, and toilet jokes. Some found these aspects of it slightly contradictory with the sophistication of the political humour, but all round contributed to an edgy piece of theatre.

The humour is actually a triumphant success, using the apparent ridiculousness of the formation of the Mormon faith as fodder for the comedy. All round it was a laugh out loud musical, even when your better instincts told you not to. This was definitely a case of a guilty pleasure; daring to say jokes that if said at a party would get raised eyebrows. Once through the theatre doors, it seemed as if anything went – no joke too offensive, no targets sacrosanct.

However, poor marketing campaigns resulted in it being targeted at families. It is disconcerting to have such an explicit, atheistic and political musical thrust at families who will be convinced to take their children, despite the clear age warn- ings. The catchy songs made these ideas even

easier to swallow for all, especially for children, and my instinct was that there should have been more attempt made to make sure that kids would not attempt to come and watch it. This is not necessarily a critique of this musical specifically, but is evidence of a problem that is endemic in marketing for theatre, film and music – the misdirection of explicit material to younger children.

In short, it was a controversial piece that oc- casionally jarred with its self-propagated image. However, it was funny at a deep level, critiquing Western hypocrisy, religion in general and Mormonism specifically, all in one fell swoop.

Oh and by the way, we know this wasn’t a review of Oxford drama, but there is a reason. People, Places, Things were cancelled, and so we hope none of you were foolish enough to go along with our recommendation last week. Apologies… 

Oriel JCR plans further liberation referenda

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Oriel JCR is to hold three separate referenda on the introduction of new liberation group officers for its committee, as was determined at Sunday’s JCR General Meeting. 

This follows the JCR’s failed referendum on the creation of all three officerships through one single vote late last term. 

After a motion was put to the JCR, a resolution was passed to hold three further, separate elections to resolve this issue: one to establish a Women’s Officer, one to establish a BME Officer, and one to establish a Student Disabilities Officer. 

Although supported by more than 60 per cent of the voters, the previous referendum had failed to secure the required two-thirds supermajority. 

Oriel JCR currently has an Equalities Officer; most other colleges, however, have positions dedicated to the representation of women, minority ethnic students, and those with disabilities. 

As part of the motions, the JCR resolved to have the Returning Officer for the referenda issue “statements of conscience” requesting that only members who identify as part of the affected groups vote in the applicable referendum. Some students have expressed concern with discouraging full participation of all JCR members in establishing roles which will have voting rights on the JCR Committee. 

Molly Rogers, who recently proposed a successful motion in the Balliol JCR to change the name of her position from Disabled Students Officer to Student Disabilities Officer, said that she agrees in principle with the “statements of conscience” system, but pointed out that, “A person may develop a disability at any point and so may need to seek the support of someone they weren’t allowed to vote for.’’ 

“However, the democratic system implies that any decision made should be the one that is best for the group in question, so this shouldn’t pose too much of a difficulty.” She also said that anonymity of voting members was “something to bear in mind when restricting the right to vote to a minority group when there are issues with confidentiality.” 

OUSU VP for Women Lucy Delaney told Cherwell, “I’m very pleased to hear that Oriel College is considering the introduction of BME, Womens, and Disabilities Officers. I also fully support the decision for non-affected groups to be asked to abstain from voting for these positions, as I firmly believe that liberation groups should be able to choose their own representatives — they have lived experience and know more than anyone else which issues affect them. This is the procedure when voting in the OUSU elections for the closed-franchise role of VP Women.

“Finally, I think it is important to recognize, however, that in an institution such as Oxford, where there is poor representation for certain groups such as BME students, liberation officers are often expected to push through changes in college and in the University on their own, with very little support, and often against huge opposition. They are expected to constantly use up energy educating others and the changes they push through are often sadly built off oppression they themselves have to fight on a daily basis. This, I believe, is wrong – we all need to take responsibility for making Oxford more inclusive; for speaking out against sexual violence, for decolonizing the curriculum and for making Oxford accessible for students with disabilities.

“So, whilst I am extremely glad these officer positions may be created, I also think it is vital that we recognise this as a starting point, and that, following their election, the officers receive support and allyship from the entire student body.”