Wednesday 8th April 2026
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"Tolkien’s Tree" removed from Botanic Garden

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One of J.R.R. Tolkien’s favourite trees is in the process of being removed from Oxford’s Botanic Gardens, several weeks after two limbs fell from the 215 year old black pine.

The pinus nigra had become one of the Garden’s most popular tourist attractions after its iconic twisting branches are said to resemble the ‘ents’ in Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings novels. 

However, branches fell from the tree in late July and, after a consultation with City Council and University experts, it was agreed that the tree needed to be cut down for safety reasons.  

One month on, Oxford Botanic Gardens have nearly finished the process of bringing the tree down, with only the main trunk remaining.

It is thought that the tree was planted in 1799 from a seed from Austria, collected by the Third Sherardian Professor of Botany, John Sibthorp. 

As Dr Stephen Harris of Oxford University’s Department of Plant Sciences explained, “The pine having to be cut down means that we have the opportunity to date the tree precisely and determine whether Sibthorp is likely to have been involved. The particular subspecies of Black Pine represented by the tree has also been a point of controversy – we should now be able to settle this controversy as well.”

The garden has remained open throughout the process, with the area surrounding the tree being cordoned off. 

The Chairman of the Tolkien society, Shaun Gunner, told Cherwell, “The Tolkien Society is incredibly sad to hear that one of Tolkien’s favoured trees, the pinus nigra, has had to come down following the loss of two limbs. Tolkien was known to be very fond of this tree – naming it ‘Laocoon’ – and the last known photograph of Tolkien was taken by his grandson in front of the tree in August 1973. 

“One of the saddest moments in The Lord of the Rings is when Sam sees the destruction of the Party Tree and I am sure that Tolkien would be similarly sad to hear of its fate. That said, we support the Oxford Botanic Garden’s decision to bring the tree down and we hope to work with them in creating a fitting tribute to such a a much-loved tree.”

It is hoped that the connection between Tolkien and the garden is not lost with the tree’s removal. Dr Alison Foster, acting director of the Garden, said, “The black pine was a highlight of many people’s visits to the Botanic Garden and we are very sad to lose such an iconic tree. We intend to propagate from this magnificent tree so that future generations will not miss out on this important link to Tolkien. 

“We are considering using the wood from the black pine for an educational project along the lines of the One Oak project and hope to hold a celebratory event to commemorate the tree and its many associations in due course.”

Worcester fresher Jeroen Rijks is one of many new students disappointed not to be able to see the famous black pine. He told Cherwell, “As a die-hard Tolkien fan, I was really looking forward to coming to Oxford and experiencing Tolkien’s inspiration first-hand. It’s upsetting to miss out on seeing the famous tree that Treebeard was based on.”

The tree is one of the most famous cases of Oxford landmarks inspiring the work of writers who studied there, alongside the iconic lamppost on St Mary’s Passage and Merton College’s stone table which are said to have influenced Tolkien’s friend and fellow student, C. S. Lewis. 

Ebola vaccine to be trialled in Oxford

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Oxford University’s Jenner Institute, led by Professor Adrian Hill, is to begin human trials of a potential vaccine against the Ebola virus.

The first round of trials should take place at the Oxford Vaccine Centre in Churchill Hospital in September, subject to approval, and involve 60 volunteers from the Oxford area. If these prove successful trials will be extended to volunteers in the Gambia and Mali to account for potential differences between European and West African responses.

There is no risk of volunteers becoming infected with Ebola themselves, as Professor Hill explains, “The vaccine takes a gene from Ebola and puts in it a virus carrier. The carrier happens to be a safe version of a common cold virus.”

The trials have received accelerated funding due to the current Ebola epidemic, which has killed more than 1,500 people at the time of writing. The Jenner Institute is working in tandem with GlaxoSmithKline and the US government’s National Institute of Health.

Professor Hill also emphasised the urgency of their work, saying, “In terms of developing a clinical trial programme this is happening faster than anything I have come across. Vaccines can take a decade to develop but we want to develop something within about six months. If 10 people are infected with Ebola then between five and nine of them will die.”

There is currently no treatment for the disease itself, only its symptoms, and although an experimental drug called ZMapp appears to have been used successfully in a number of cases, supplies of it are extremely limited. 

OUSU gets Living Wage accreditation

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Oxford University Student Union (OUSU) has been accredited for paying the Living Wage to all employees. The Living Wage currently stands at £7.65 an hour, over a pound higher than the UK minimum wage of £6.31.

Ruth Meredith, OUSU Vice President (Charities & Community), told Cherwell, “OUSU’s decision to become an accredited Living Wage employer is a formal recognition of our longstanding commitment to creating an inclusive and meaningful community at OUSU. Our student and staff Oxford Living Wage Campaign has been working toward wider accreditation in Oxford, and we’re really pleased to be a part of this movement, putting fair pay at the heart of our organization.”

Although OUSU has endorsed the campaign for several years, cleaners working in the OUSU building are employed by the Estate Services, which until this May paid them £1.00 per hour less than the Living Wage. The Estate Services manage some 235 buildings owned by the University and from this year have begun paying all staff who work in buildings belonging to the University a Living Wage.

The accreditation is given by the Living Wage Foundation, while the amount to be paid is calculated annually by the Centre for Research in Social Policy at Loughborough University. Paying the Living Wage is currently entirely voluntary, though the Foundation claims benefits to employers include more motivated staff and being on the list of officially accredited organizations.

Fergal O’Dwyer, Co-Chair of OUSU’s Living Wage Campaign, told Cherwell that, “OUSU’s longstanding support for the campaign has been integral to our success, and so it is only fitting that this should be mirrored by the way that it treats its own staff. We hope that the University takes note of the example set by its student union, and uses this as a step toward College-wide accreditation.”

The University agreed to pay all direct employees a Living Wage in April 2013. However this decision did not affect contracted workers at the University and many departments have not announced that they will pay the Living Wage.

A spokesperson for the University of Oxford commented, “the University Purchasing Department is already helping to provide departments with options to purchase services through central agreements at the then current rate for the Oxford living wage so that they can make informed choices about paying the living wage. As they are financially autonomous bodies, choices about the paying of the living wage at a college level are a matter for individual colleges.”

The Oxford Living Wage campaign was founded by a group of Balliol students in 2006, and became affiliated with OUSU in 2011. Its stated aim is to introduce the Living Wage for all staff employed by Oxford University and the associated Colleges and Permanent Private Halls.

Cleaning bins at Reading: An Education

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Anthropologically speaking, you can do little better than roam the campsite of a British music festival at five in the morning, for a fascinating insight into human weirdness. The gallery of rogues encountered across these mud-drowned, can-strewn plains at this time of the day doesn’t quite run the entire gamut, but I’d say it comes damn well close enough. All that separates me from these poor wandering souls is a fluorescent jacket, rubber gloves and the fact that, where my hangover is slowly (but surely) dawning, theirs is a few hours off from crashing down upon them. I am here to work; they, to play.

Although I have been able to catch some of the acts this year and the last here at Reading, where these sad, sleepless figures that I pass have shelled out hundreds of pounds or so to see and hear the Arctic Monkeys, The Kooks, Vampire Weekend and co. strum out a few tunes, I have had to earn my keep by working.

I’ve searched long and hard for a euphemism that would make my job more palatable on a CV – Custodian of Site Cleanliness? Superintendent for Waste Disposal? – with little success. I’m here to pick up shit. Not literal shit, fortunately (although you do get paid extra for that). I am in fact one of the festival’s small army of litter pickers, and have been for two years running.

Three days at a festival, even if spent picking up other people’s rubbish during thirteen hour shifts beginning at five in the morning, isn’t such a bad way to tide things over financially in the summer vacation. The money’s okay and, after all, I have learnt many a thing along the way. If it is true that you can learn a lot about a person from their trash, then the thousands of trash-cans changed at Reading offer an extremely informative educational experience.

Of Glaswegians, who seemed to constitute half the litter-picking force last year, I learnt of a staggering tolerance for alcohol.  It was, for example, on Reading’s opening day in 2013 that I respectfully declined a can of confiscated Strongbow from one such heavily-accented colleague. Though not normally one to refuse such a generous offering, it was only eleven in the morning. ‘Maybe later’, I reply. ‘Naw’t much’a drinker?’ he asks.  No, I guess not.

Of the Czech, who both then and now seem to constitute the other half of the litter-picking force (the Glaswegians having been replaced this year by a gaggle of earnest young Polish teens), I learnt that they really don’t like the Glaswegians very much. The Glaswegians, I came to realise, dislike the Czech even more.

English male teens, I’ve found out, have an abiding love for Ivorian footballers; and by the same token, I’ve learnt that there are only oh-so-many times you can take hearing the names Kolo and Yaya Toure being chanted by lads who just can’t handle their fifth can of Foster’s, before violence will break out.

I also found out how easily the campsite I walk across to clean at five in the morning lends itself to Attenborough-style narration, which was a pretty decent way of whiling away the hours. ‘Watch,’ I hear David intone, ‘as the pack slink back to their canvas dwellings. These are the night’s final stragglers. Having failed to attract a mate for the night, in their despair, they now search for deep-fried food before hibernation. This is the tragedy as old as time’.

Mankind has no greater source of soul-crushing existential crisis than the silent disco, as I have observed. And picking up bags upon bags of trash at five in the morning, two hours after returning from a silent disco and with little to no sleep, is perhaps even more taxing than writing an essay hungover, especially under the late-August sun.

Showing off your special staff wristband, I discovered, is a good way to impress girls. Although, this fails when you must admit that okay, no, you’re not actually part of Alex Turner’s entourage, and well, no, you don’t have his number, even though you did clean his area backstage earlier that day. ‘I do have access to special staff showers, though?’, I have learnt, is in fact a surprisingly enticing brag.

I soon learnt that a fluorescent jacket, a walkie-talkie and a confident swagger offer a passport to anywhere you could possibly want to go. But two hours of sleep leaves you ill-prepared for thirteen hour shifts of hard manual labour, as I learnt the hard way. And if you really wanted to, you could fit twenty-seven people in a vehicle with a supposed maximum capacity of eighteen.

Strongbow Dark Fruits, I found out, makes bins smell really fucking bad. And if I didn’t know it already, bin juice is one of the foulest liquids known to the human species. Despite this, many people are perfectly willing to drink it. But doing so is a likely one-way ticket to Hepatitis C (it could totally get you wasted, though).

But the most important lesson that I’ve taken away, is that I never want to clean a fucking bin again in my life.

The Ice Bucket Challenge: Boon or bane for ALS sufferers?

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“I knew this shit was coming, but tonight? Really?” So begins Eminem’s live-on-stage Ice Bucket Challenge during a concert in Detroit. After some more joking and screaming from 45,000 fans, hype man Mr. Porter adds, almost as an afterthought, “Listen, before we do it, you can go to alsa.org to find out more about what we’re doing.” This prompts only a muted reaction from a crowd clearly waiting to see Eminem covered in ice on stage. Rihanna then comes on stage with the ice, eliciting a much noisier response from the screaming fans.

Meanwhile, South Carolina’s Governor, Nikki Haley, starts her video with, “Stephen, along with some other amazing people, comes to visit me at the State House every year to talk about this terrible disease, but today is a great day in South Carolina for an ice bucket challenge”. That’s right Nikki, you have really got the importance of the challenge encapsulated there. It is a great day for throwing ice on your head, and having your kids do it to remind us of how important your family is to you, as a politician, in the months before your next election.

What do these two videos have in common here besides a desire to appeal to their fans? Nikki Haley manages to use 10 seconds of her 90-second video to remind viewers of the purpose the challenge, which at first glance does not sound particularly long. But, when compared to the 6 seconds Eminem devotes in his 80-second video, the 6 seconds George Bush includes in his video, and the complete lack of reference to ALS at all in videos by Justin Bieber and Lady Gaga, it seems like Haley has done quite a good job. Perhaps the worst example of this neglect of ALS itself in the ice bucket challenge comes unsurprisingly from the Daily Mail, which described Poppy Delevigne’s ice bucket challenge as follows: “Poppy Delevingne shows off washboard abs in green bandeau bikini as she performs ALS ice bucket challenge.” It also used the same article as an opportunity to promote the sales of the same bikini to women across Britain in its super-useful ‘Now get one like it for less’ section.

The Ice Bucket Challenge has its beneficial effects, of course. The ALS Association in the USA has, over the course of the past month, raised more than double what it raised in all of the previous year. Awareness of the illness has no doubt increased, but I suspect that many people who have been exposed to it on Facebook and Youtube could still not say what ALS actually stands for (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), let alone begin to comprehend its symptoms and devastating effects on those who suffer from it and their family and friends.

The Ice Bucket Challenge is not the kind of thing I would typically take umbrage with, certainly not to the extent of writing against it. Like most people, I would see it as just the latest social media craze, albeit for a better cause than usual. However, for me, neurodegenerative disease is not an abstract concept on the internet, but a living reality, having watched the body, and then mind, of my grandmother be ravaged by a similar disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), for the first 17 years of my life. It makes me sad and angry to see ALS trivialised in this way. Neurodegenerative diseases are not pleasant in any way; they are the opposite, leaving many of those they affect in a living hell where they gradually lose all motor skills and much cognitive function – unable to walk, and confined to a bed in a hospice or care home, they lose the ability to speak, hear, use their limbs, swallow, and even breathe. The median survival time from ALS diagnosis is 39 months. The daily experience and life of those who have these diseases, and the people around them, is a far cry from videos of people smiling with ice on their heads and a wet t-shirt. It is a cruel yet inescapable fact that the challenge involves completing an action which is physically impossible for many with the disease: raising a bucket over your head and tipping it over yourself.

I am not accusing anyone who has participated in the challenge of bad intentions, and I am sure that they too care about raising awareness and money to fight against it. But this is the precise problem: while the people who participate have mainly done so for good reasons (and with good effects), the overall phenomenon is incredibly trivialising. Because we have now reached an era previously thought impossible – an era where a deadly, horrific disease that leaves very little hope of survival for those it afflicts is portrayed in social media merely as something that can be used for likes, shares and comments, screams from fans at a rap concert, and votes in South Carolinian gubernatorial elections. It is telling the world that ALS is something to be considered briefly with a modicum of solemnity after an oh-so-funny-and-original twist on the theme of throwing ice over your head, and then forgotten as just another post on your wall on Facebook. It also bears a striking similarity with the neknominate in both its form (do something, video it, and then nominate 3 friends to do it within 24 hours) and medium (predominantly social media).

Don’t even get me started on the turf war that has erupted in the UK over which charity will be the beneficiary of British donations, pitting Macmillan Cancer Care against the Motor Neurone Disease Association. William Foxton in The Telegraph summarises it brilliantly: “When I put my money into one of their tins, I expect it to be spent on cancer research, not pushing another charity down the search engine rankings.” There are also concerns in the charities community about the Challenge crowding out other charitable donations that would otherwise have gone to equally-deserving and needy organisations.

Let’s be honest, the focus of the ice-bucket challenge has never really been on ALS. The challenge itself wasn’t even about ALS originally, it was just another viral phenomenon in the vein of neknominate. Indeed, for many people, as we have seen, it is rather a method of self-promotion for B-list celebrities and former Presidents trying to stay relevant.

Legislating private relationships

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Some time ago, I was planning to have lunch with an ex-girlfriend. My then-girlfriend found out about this, got upset and tried to stop me going. I told her that she was being childish and to stop being stupid. We had a minor row. Then we got over it, forgot about it and moved on like adults. I’m sure anyone who has ever been in an intimate relationship can recognize an incident like the above.

Under Theresa May’s recent proposals to extend domestic violence to emotional abuse that is ‘cruel and controlling’ or ‘humiliating’, minor rows like that could become a criminal offense. Specifically, May mentioned attempting to prevent people from maintaining relationships with friends and family. In the situation I mention above, my language could easily have been construed as humiliating and cruel. Under no circumstances would either of us have considered this to have been an example of genuine abuse, and the idea that we, or couples like us should be criminally culpable for behaviour that is at worst immature is ridiculous, yet it could be construed as abuse punishable by law under these proposals.

It is easy to charge that I am being facetious. This law is not intended to criminalize petty rows, rather ongoing, serious cases of abuse that cause long term damage to people’s lives. But the test of good law is not just whether it would help solve a social ill, but whether it would be able to be easily definable, easily enforceable and be difficult to abuse. In all three categories, proposals to criminalize emotional abuse fail this definition.

There will be no way to craft a law against emotional abuse without it being broad enough to catch almost every intimate relationship, because human interactions are so complex and so dependent on context that what is genuinely abusive and hurtful in one context is a minor act of pettiness in another. If emotional cruelty or humiliation is made illegal, insulting someone’s appearance, such as telling them they look overweight or bad in particular clothing, cheating on a partner, shouting at someone or could be construed as criminal acts. These are of course, cruel acts that we should discourage as part of a healthy relationship. But relationships are where people demonstrate their best and their worst attributes, and every relationship in the world will include, however small, actions from both partners that are simply immoral or unkind actions. But this does not make these relationships by definition abusive; not does it mean that the state should have the sanction to decide which relationships are abusive and which are not.

Before allowing the state to interfere in our intimate relationships, we should look at the history of the state determining what is moral or not in our private lives. In it we see some of the most shameful and oppressive legislation in our history such the criminalization of homosexuality, or extraordinarily harsh penalties for women who commit adultery.

This leads to another major problem with the proposals, which is their terrifying potential for abuse. The exact kind of person who is emotionally abusive in relationships is going to be the exact kind of person who will abuse these laws for their own ends. Most emotionally abusive partners themselves either think or pretend they are the victims of emotional abuse. Think of what an abusive partner could do, if they had the ability to use the threat of prosecution against their partner for their own ‘suffering.’ One common tactic that abusers will use is to convince the person they are abusing that THEY are the one who is crazy, who is at fault, who is screwing the kids up, who makes the relationship a living hell. Now imagine if they had the ability, as many charming psychopaths do, to construct a case for themselves being abused that was on the face of it compelling, even though it was based on nothing but air? This law would become a tool in the abusers arsenal of psychological control and torment.

Similarly, it gives anyone who is upset at the breakdown of a relationship a way to get revenge on a partner by making a complaint of emotional abuse. These complaints may not even be malicious, as the distress caused by the breakdown of a relationship could make people believe that someone genuinely has been abusive. That does not mean they will not be incredibly damaging all the same. And while the law is intended primarily to protect women, all genders will be able to exploit this to their own ends.

Because ultimately, the biggest problem with this law is that it will be virtually impossible to prove. Police will (and should be) obliged to investigate any allegation of domestic abuse, and by its very nature, in the vast majority of cases it will come down to a single persons word against another’s, unless we go down the extremely morally dubious route of requiring children to testify against their own parents. This means that either there will be a vanishingly small number of convictions, which lowers public respect for the Justice system, or the burden of proof will have to be lowered making a worrying potential for miscarriages of justice and abuse of judicial process.

If you support these proposals, you must be prepared to look people in the eye and say, “I support the state being able to come into my personal intimate relationships and decide what is right and what is wrong.” This is a time when resources that those who are abused genuinely need – such as funding for women’s refuge, mental health support and legal aid – are being viciously cut. As such, this law is a way for the government to appear that it has victims best interests on side while continuing to deprive them of things that genuinely could help them improve their lives.

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Review: Reading Festival 2014

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Last weekend, I decided to brave the muddy fields of Reading once more. Returning for the first time since the mandatory post-GCSE pilgrimage of 2010, I arrived – wary of tent-burning, £9 burritos and 16-year-olds on MDMA, but willing to fight to see the amazing line-up of bands that had been the deciding factor in persuading me to buy a ticket, some of which I’d been waiting years to catch live. This is what I found.

 

Arctic Monkeys â˜…★☆☆☆

Does Alex Turner even care any more? Yes, he’s a massive fuck-off rock star and yes, he can pull the arrogance off through sheer talent, but now the Arctic Monkeys seem as though their heads are so far up their own arses they can’t see Sheffield any more. The delightfully wry boy who wrote Whatever People Say… was unrecognisable in the snake-hipped, slurring icon who took to the stage on Saturday. Sure, being full of yourself is part of rock’n’roll, but not when it detracts from the power of your set and ability to actually interest your fans. None of this was helped by the fact that the volume was far, far too low, leading the crowd to start chanting “Turn it up, turn it up”. A limp, cold performance.

 

The Hives â˜…★★★★

Perhaps Mr. Turner should learn something about swagger from The Hives’ now-veteran frontman, Howlin’ Pelle Almqvist – Pelle can pull it off with surprisingly camp garage-rock pizzazz. The beautiful thing about every Hives show is that it isn’t just Pelle who goes crazy. All five members are clearly heavily invested in their performance (special mentions to goggle-eyed lead guitarist Nicholaus Arson and drummer Chris Dangerous). Consistently named one of the best live bands around, it was plain to see why at Reading. Opening a set with a song whose lyrics consist of three words (“Come on, come on, come on, come on, everybody come on!”) is surely the sign of genius or insanity. I’d go with a bit of both. Randy Fitzsimmons will have been proud.

 

Enter Shikari ★★★☆☆

In recent years, Enter Shikari have become very fond of espousing the equivalent political views of someone in year 9. It would be nice if they would stop. Yes, we appreciate that ‘the slimy one percent’ owns 99% of the wealth, and yes, we love the NHS, but is it really the place of a post-hardcore band to tell us what to think about governmental cuts while we boil in the sun, crushed between thousands of sweaty bodies, waiting for them to play some actual music? Couple that with the over-crowded front of the main stage as hundreds of aggressive teen boys turn up for a fight (Enter Shikari’s reputation for creating havoc now precedes them) and this band was decidedly annoying. They didn’t even play Mothership. No space to dance, no space to mosh, hardly space to breathe. In their defence, the blame for that can’t be laid at the band’s door. Three stars.

 

Die Antwoord â˜…★★★☆

Matching convict-orange hoodies. Ejaculating ghosts. The most glorious flattop to grace music since the early 90s. A duo that never misses a chance to mess with your head, Ninja and Yo-Landi’s combination of sinewy energy and bubblegum kink was a winning one once again. I Fink U Freeky and Enter the Ninja were particular highlights, if just to see a bunch of swaggering over-masculine teen boys (which seems to be recurring theme at Reading) reduced to singing “I am your butterfly/I need your protection/Be my samurai”. New single Pitbull Terrier would have been a welcome addition to the set list, but even without it, Die Antwoord kept the energy level at maximum for a blistering 40 minutes of zef madness.

 

Hudson Taylor ★★★☆☆

Probably the surprise package of the festival. Playing on a smaller stage early on the first day, the boys from Dublin could have been forgiven for surrendering to difficult circumstance. Instead they kicked things off with a rousing sing-along, oscillating between barn dance and lighter-in-the-air intimacy. Only Don Broco had more dedicated fans out of every band we saw this year.

 

Warpaint â˜…★★★☆

As a band who can creep up behind you and lull you into a deep sleep, Warpaint’s gently hypnotic set was a joy to watch. Not bothering to waste time talking between songs, the band’s sonorous wail filled the NME tent and built up, song by song, until everyone under the canvas appeared to be in a trance, swaying and gyrating, dreaming. Warpaint are proof that a band doesn’t need mosh pits and crowd banter to be a success at Reading, just professionalism and a clear-cut belief in the effectiveness of their music.

 

Gerard Way ★★☆☆☆

It feels almost cruel to criticise Gerard Way’s solo global debut, but the fact remains that without the rest of My Chemical Romance behind him, the man’s music is far too nice, and forgettable as a result. He doesn’t quite have the voice for anything gentler than the spitting, self-conscious pop punk that made his band the poster boys they are, and despite the legions of die-hard female fans who turned up and duly screamed every time he did, it was difficult not to keep wondering whether his set would have been more fun with a few guitar solos and lyrics about vampires and suicide.

 

Other highlights of the festival included Pusha T and, in fact, the general intimacy of the tiny Radio 1Extra tent, Gogol Bordello’s headline-rivalling gypsy punk party, which stole a significant proportion of blink-182’s crowd, and Royal Blood, who seem to be fast carving themselves a niche among the best blues rock duos of the last ten years alongside the likes of The White Stripes and The Black Keys. Jeremy McKinnon of A Day To Remember took to a zorb and used it like a giant hamster ball midway through their set for the single most surreal moment of the weekend.

Reading’s atmosphere in general was mixed. The vast majority of festival-goers are 16-18 years old, and as a result the crowds are lively and responsive to the acts, but the flip side of this is that the campsites can be the scene of a lot of posturing and peacocking. Many seem to think there is still something to “prove” about going to Reading, and sometimes it seems to get in the way of the fun and friendliness that might be found at other festivals. Nonetheless, with a brilliant line-up and notable lack of torrential rain until the Monday morning, Reading 2014 was one to remember.

Review: The Rover

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★★★★☆
Four Stars

What’s the point? That’s the question at the core of David Michod’s The Rover, a brooding thriller set in the Australian outback ten years after the unexplained collapse of human civilisation. The film stars Guy Pearce as a mysterious man determined to retrieve his stolen car, who enlists the help of the car thief’s brother, played by Robert Pattinson in a transformative performance. As the pair attempt to track down both the car and its new owner, a tense and beautifully acted character driven story emerges which allows the film to explore the devastating consequences of the delusions we create to maintain the human spirit.

The derivative plot and setting recall any number of post apocalyptic films from Mad Max to The Book of Eli, but the film is quickly distinguished from its genre contemporaries by Michod’s investment in his character’s remaining shreds of humanity, even if the admittedly strong production design provides little that audiences haven’t seen before. The dystopian outback sets the tone for the film, where every dust road and wooden shack are as run down and worn out as their inhabitants. Lights give off a sickly glow, windows and doors slide laboriously along their frames, and people lounge in their chairs for days on end.

Every character we encounter is waiting for something – for a customer, for a loved one, for death. Though set in Australia, the film is unashamedly a Western, its lone gunslinger hero a cipher for the story’s concerns with independence and liberty. However, the film plays with genre convention and subverts expectations. An early scene set in a matriarch’s drug den recalls any number of frontier town brothels, but Michod drags the trope into much darker, more disturbing territory. This frontier isn’t on the cusp of anything, it’s at the end of it.

Pearce is melancholy but ferocious in his performance as our mysterious protagonist, bringing an exhausted menace to the film. His unclear motivations and single mindedness make for an intriguing first act, but it is only after the arrival of Pattinson that the audience is able to emotionally connect with the film. If it is Pearce’s Eric and his stolen car that provide the film’s plot, it’s Pattinson’s Reynolds that provides its heart. Whilst Eric tests the audience’s patience with an unsympathetic protagonist, Reynolds becomes the audience’s surrogate, terrified, unsure of himself and adrift in this bleak inhumane world. Whilst Reynold’s arc is the most accessible in the film, it is also the most heartbreaking, as his misguided attempts at independence lead him round in circles.

Pattinson is remarkable in the role, with no trace of Twilight‘s pensive Edward Cullen in the darting eyes, jittering limbs and quivering jaw of his emaciated Reynolds, who flinches from an imagined attack anytime someone speaks. The film is at its most engaging when both actors share the screen, with Pattinson’s magnificently watchable freneticism perfectly complementing Pearce’s recessive presence. This tension between performers reinforces the instability of their character’s power dynamic, which sustains the film’s momentum to its conclusion.

Despite the film’s broad vistas and endless roads, it still manages to maintain an oppressively suspenseful tone through its ability to make us care about its small cast of unpredictable and violent characters. The shallow colour palette employed by cinematographer Natasha Braier captures the tired frustration of our characters, whilst her creeping cameras create a sense of unease that keeps the audience alert.  In one memorable sequence a camera gradually zooms in on the face of a terrified Pattinson, hiding from bullets behind a motel bed, inviting us to empathise with these characters in their most vulnerable moments. In this way Michod foregrounds the human emotions which could have easily become lost in the dusty wasteland.

Antony Partos’ terrific original score, atonal and abrasive, creates a sense of anticipation, building and building all the way through to the end of the credits. The film features a few moments of levity including perhaps the most left field musical cue in recent memory – you’ll know it when you hear it – which feel incongruous to the film’s otherwise cohesive tone due to their clumsy execution. The film’s self regard can stretch the audience’s patience at times, with moments of unintentional ridiculousness leading to stifled laughter in the screening I attended.

The Rover is magnificently acted, gorgeously shot and wonderfully scored, and tells a complex human story through a tense but straightforward plot. However, it is a film as bleak as the world it depicts, arriving at depressing conclusions about liberty and delusion, and uninterested in offering any real catharsis. The audience in my screening stayed in their seats for almost the entirety of the credit roll. The cinema felt like it was waiting for the ending, for its reassuring resolution. The Rover leaves you, like its characters with a sense of feeling incomplete – the story has concluded, but now we’re left without purpose. This lack of comfort is both its greatest weakness and its masterstroke. Indeed, what is the point?

 

Theatre etiquette: The response

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This article is a response to that of Will Obeney, which can be found here.

Last month, we saw Will Obeney make the argument that intrusions of modern technology are – amongst other annoyances – signs of a lamentably declining standard in the behaviour of some audience members. He believes more theatre-goers should be aware of their “responsibilities to fellow audience members or those on the stage and behind it”. But do these modern problems faced by the world of theatre betray a saddening decline in the behaviour of audience members, or should the stage adapt to accommodate the changing audience dynamic?

This has been a hot topic of late, with frequent theatre-goer Richard Gresham’s ‘Theatre Charter’ (in which he, like Obeney calls for more respect for conventional audience etiquette) gaining a number of supporters, and perhaps most notably Stephen Fry, whose endorsement propelled the campaign to the limelight. However, others have condemned the Charter and the motivations behind it. The Albany, Deptford, published an article about why they wouldn’t be signing the Theatre Charter, because whilst they “hope that those that attend [their performances] will behave in a fashion that respects our artists and our fellow audience members” they feel that “to formalise this expectation in this way” would damage the relationship the theatre has with its audiences, audiences who might not typically experience the arts, and might already be worried about what to wear or how to behave.

In some ways, I can sympathise with the views expressed by Gresham and his Theatre Charter. I doubt that anyone would really want their phone to ring in the middle of a play, and similarly would react negatively to a disturbance caused by others. However, some other examples of supposed audience misbehaviour show the distinctions between proper and improper etiquette to be less clear-cut. Recent commentators have also attacked audience members for expressing their admiration of Martin Freeman – starring in Richard III at Trafalgar Studios – by cheering or screaming whenever he walked onstage. Plenty of people have seen this as a breach of etiquette, or as an unfortunate consequence of the need for the casting of famous faces. However, in this supposed misdemeanour, I see something far more positive and exciting – new theatre-goers, theatre-goers who are really enjoying themselves. These fans of Freeman have been derided for being there only because of Sherlock or The Hobbit, or only because they fancy the play’s star, or, for what some seem to see as the worst crime of all, being teenage girls.

Of course, the categories ‘fan of Sherlock’ and ‘Shakespeare enthusiast’ are hardly mutually exclusive, even amongst teenagers, but even if we do owe these audience members to a TV show, why is that such a problem? They’re going to a theatre intending to fully enjoy a play, and I would argue this makes them more likely to appreciate the play on its own terms than some seasoned theatre-goers. Also, there’s a high chance that for at least some of these audience members, this is their first or one of their first productions. Rather than tutting at them, or telling them off, it’s important that they, as the new generation of theatre-goers, are made to feel welcome, rather than excluded from an elitist view of the theatre which adheres to codes of which they might be unsure or unaware.

If I had to choose, I’d rather be in an audience full of enthusiastic if somewhat vocal new, young theatre-goers than, as is more often the case, an immaculately behaved crowd of old-timers divorced from any emotional response to the piece. Sometimes, when you’re at a play, a phone will go off. Sometimes someone will cough loudly at a dramatic moment. Sometimes an audience member will react strongly and emotionally to something they see onstage. But theatre is a live art form, and a downside of this impermanence and immediacy is that sometimes someone else might for a moment bring you out of the experience of the play, whether it’s someone rustling sweet rappers, an actor stumbling over their lines, or a friend poking you in the side for the first ten minutes to ask if that’s ‘her from that thing’ playing the lead.

The upside to live theatre is the wonderful fact that, in spite of everything that could go wrong, the actors, the set, the costumes, music, lighting – everything – comes together to create a unique and emotionally involving experience. Occasional disturbances may happen, but if you can’t ignore them outright, shrug them off as part of the experience. You are not the only member of the audience, nor are you the most important, and there is more than one valid way to enjoy the theatre.

Oxford’s culture vultures

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Balliol – Graham Greene

Graham Greene is one of the most important English novelists of the 20th century, penning such classics as Brighton Rock, The Power and the Glory and The End of the Affair. Greene’s fellow author and contemporary at Oxford, Evelyn Waugh, said of him: ‘he looked down on us, and perhaps all undergraduates, as childish and ostentatious. He certainly shared in none of our revelry.’ Ok, so maybe he wasn’t a barrel of laughs, but his contributions to cultural life are undeniable.

LMH – Nigella Lawson

Despite changing schools nine times in as many years, Nigella Lawson secured a place at Oxford to study French and Italian. She spent her year abroad in Florence, where the Italian cucina inspired her to unleash her inner domestic goddess. Despite the revelations about her extremely lavish lifestyle and penchant for class-A drugs, she still charms the public with her florid writing style, personable TV manner and sex symbol looks.

Christ Church – Richard Curtis

Christ Church may have produced 13 prime ministers, but perhaps its biggest boast is the king of rom-coms, Richard Curtis. While at university, he was an active participant in the Oxford drama scene, scriptwriting for the Experimental Theatre Club and collaborating in the Oxford Revue, with his pal, Rowan Atkinson. Since then he has shown that he has a keen sense for the comic (Blackadder, Mr. Bean and The Vicar of Dibley) as well as for the sentimental (Four Weddings and a Funeral, Bridget Jones’s Diary, Notting Hill, and Love Actually).

Exeter – Alan Bennett

Another member of the Oxford Revue, Alan Bennett came to Oxford on a scholarship and stayed on for a few years after graduating to teach Medieval History. But alas, he soon realised he wasn’t cut out for academia. Nor for the clergy, which he had always assumed he would join, for the sole reason that he looked a bit like a clergyman. He is best known for his play, The History Boys, about a group of boys applying to Oxbridge, a tale no doubt inspired by his own experience.

Lincoln – Dr Seuss

The Cat in the Hat and Green Eggs and Ham may not seem like particularly highbrow literature, but their creator, Theodor Geisel (alias: Dr Seuss) spent two years at Oxford, studying for a PhD in English Literature. His children’s books bring up important social and political issues veiled in Aesopian language: The Lorax advocates environmentalism and anti-consumerism, The Sneetches encourages racial equality and Yertle the Turtle criticizes Hitler and authoritarianism.  Something to think that next time you’re reading about The Hoober-Bloob Highway and Daisy-Head Mayzie! 

New – Kate Beckinsale

Kate Beckinsale had a more intense undergraduate experience, than most, balancing her study of French and Russian literature with a demanding acting career. During one summer vac she went to Tuscany to film Kenneth Branagh’s big screen adaptation of Much Ado About Nothing and while studying in Paris on her year abroad she filmed the French language Marie-Louise Ou La Permission. Drifting from smaller productions to Hollywood blockbusters, Kate Beckinsale appeared in Pearl Harbour, which, despite being poorly acted and historically inaccurate, gave her an opportunity to snog both Ben Affleck and Josh Hartnett.

Brasenose – William Golding

William Golding spent two years studying Natural Sciences at Brasenose, before realising that he didn’t actually like science and swapping to English Literature. His book of Poems was published the year he graduated, but it was 20 years before he wrote his first novel and magnum opus: Lord of the Flies, which was adapted for stage and put on by a group of Oxford students last Trinity. His literary works won him a Nobel Prize, a Booker Prize and a knighthood.

Magdalen – Andrew Lloyd Weber

Another Oxford alumnus whose cultural endeavours were recognised by Queen Liz herself, Andrew Lloyd Weber dropped out of his History degree at Oxford after just a term. His awards and honours are as innumerable as his contributions to musical theatre. Now this impresario is a regular on daytime TV, appearing as a judge on reality TV shows, in which people audition for the main role in his West End shows, like The Wizard of Oz and Jesus Chris Superstar.

Somerville – Dorothy L. Sayers

Dorothy L. Sayers was one of the first women ever to receive an Oxford degree, a few years after she graduated from Somerville with a first in Modern and Medieval literature. She went on to write a series of detective novels set in the interwar years featuring the English toff and amateur sleuth, Lord Peter Wimsey, whom she described as a mixture of Fred Astaire and Bertie Wooster. Though she is best known for her crime fiction, she herself considered her best work to be her translation of Dante’s Divine Comedy.  

Teddy Hall – Terry Jones

Culture may not be the first thing one associates with Teddy Hall, but cracking banter probably is. So, it makes sense that the college’s most famous culturally-inclined alumnus is a member of Monty Python. During his time at the Hall he performed comedy with future Monty Python castmate Michael Palin in the Oxford Revue. He is best known for his conceptual jokes and depictions of middle-aged women. Terry Jones also takes humour from absurd situations, for example, the famous sketch in which he plays a cheesy game show host who asks contestants to summarise Marcel Proust’s 3000-page work À la recherche du temps perdu in 15 seconds.

Keble – Katy Brand

Katy Brand decided to study Theology at Oxford after embracing the faith on a holiday in Cornwall with some Evangelical Christian friends. However, she quickly lost her religious beliefs and later said: ‘After about a year, I realised it was mostly rubbish and that things are never as simple as they seem when you are 13’. However, during her time at Oxford she met friends who helped her launch her career in television. Now she is one of England’s most beloved comediennes.

St Peter’s – Hugh Dancy

One of the biggest pieces of eye candy ever to have walked the cobbled streets of Oxford, Hugh Dancy is a successful actor on the stage, the small screen and the big screen. He studied English at Oxford under the tuition of poet and playwright, Francis Warner, before being scouted in a café in London. To the disappointment of womankind, he recently tied the knot with slightly-more-famous-than-him actress, Claire Danes.

Worcester – Rupert Murdoch

Rupert Murdoch owes both his birth and his downfall to newspaper publishing. His parents met after his father spotted a debutante photograph of his mother in one of his own newspapers. Now the News of the World tycoon faces police and government investigations into bribery and corruption by MI5 and the FBI. In between these two events, Rupey read PPE at Worcester and managed Oxford Student Publications Limited, which is in charge of that paragon of student publications, Cherwell.