Part of central Oxford was briefly closed this morning, after another ‘suspicious package’ was found.

Thames Valley Police police cordoned off part of Wellington Square and St John Street after fears over the package, following the bomb threat on St Giles’ last week.

But a force spokesperson told The Oxford Mail, “It was quickly established that the package posed no threat and the cordon has been lifted.”

In an email sent to Modern Languages undergraduates 8.51am, a university administrator said, “There is a suspect package opposite 47 Wellington Square, outside Rewley House.

“The police are here along with University Security Services are here.”

The email advised students with classes at 41 or 47 Wellington Square to contact their tutor. However, another email sent at 9.16am said Wellington Square was open again.

Data received via a Freedom of Information request has revealed that Oxford University received £127,573 in library fines from Bodleian libraries during the 2012/13 academic year. This was up from £126,063 the previous year, but down from the £128,187 taken in 2010/11.

The largest contributor to this sum was the Social Sciences Library, which accumulated £34,098 in fines, more than twice as much as its closest rival, the History Faculty Library on £15,956. The Social Sciences Library’s high rate of fines has been blamed by students on the number of short-term loans the library offers. The Social Sciences Library topped the rankings for all three years for which data has been received, and currently leads the way in 2013/14 on £6,830 (as of 31st December).

The Latin American Centre was the least punitive library in 2012/13, taking only £214 in fines, though in 2011/12 it was pipped by the OUDCE Library with a mere £136 in fines. So far in 2013/14, the Law Library and the Oriental Institute Library have taken just £10 a piece, though current figures are likely to change radically when students rush to pay off fines at the end of the year. One of the university’s graduation requirements requires students to have no outstanding Bodleian libraries fines.

The practice of fining has not been without controversy. Nathan Akehurst, who ran for OUSU President in 2013 on the Reclaim OUSU slate, has strongly condemned financial penalties. On the subject of these library fines, Akehurst told Cherwell, “I recognise that incentivising the swift return of books is important for students, but I don’t feel overly punitive fines help that end, and as with all fines, impact disproportionately upon poorer students whilst providing those who can afford it a licence to do what they like.”

According to a university statement, the money accumulated from these library fines “goes into the general library income stream… It remains within the libraries but is not directly allocated to any particular purpose.”

OUSU President Tom Rutland told Cherwell, “When some major faculty libraries are only open for 5 and half days a week, it is concerning that the university is making so much money from students who give books back late. Perhaps the money made from library fines could go towards better opening hours. After being instigated by NUS to investigate academic sanctions (e.g. the withholding of a degree) for non-academic debt (i.e. debt not related to tuition fees, such as library fines) the Office for Fair Trading has declared that universities that do this may be breaching consumer law.”

Second year PPEist Will Boardman commented, “It is disgraceful that a set of institutions designed with the purpose to facilitate the broadening of young people’s understanding and knowledge leverage their monopoly in such a way to penalise already cost stricken students.”

However, Tosh Oyerinde, an American visiting student, suggested, “It’s fine for the libraries to charge and collect fines because everyone is aware of the policies.

“What I think would be more interesting to see is how they spend it.”
Another student said, “Libraries have got to incentivise returning books on time somehow, or else people who really need books would not be able to get them”

A New College fresher remarked, “The total is surprisingly high, but in terms of individual fines I think it’s fair enough – it’s easy to renew books and they do tell you if you’re about to be fined, so as long as the money is used for something reasonable (like buying more books) I’m not too bothered.”

There may be a relation between students’ opinions on library fines and their history of racking up fines. One student told Cherwell, “As someone who has racked up £50 in library fines and who refuses to pay them, so is unable to borrow books from the Rad Cam, I feel I may be somewhat biased.”

A research team from Oxford and UCL has developed a map which shows history’s impact on the ancestral genetic mix of 95 different populations around the globe.

Using an interactive map, the work displays, dates and characterises genetic mixing between populations, showing the impact of major events such as Genghis Khan’s transcontinental empire, European colonialism, the Arab slave trade and European traders on the Silk Road mixing with people in China.

Dr Simon Myers, from Oxford University’s Department of Statistics and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and co-senior author of the study, said, “DNA really has the power to tell stories and uncover details of humanity’s past.

“Because our approach uses only genetic data, it provides information independent from other sources. Many of our genetic observations match historical events, and we also see evidence of previously unrecorded genetic mixing.

“For example, the DNA of the Tu people in modern China suggests that in around 1200CE, Europeans similar to modern Greeks mixed with an otherwise Chinese-like population. Plausibly, the source of this European-like DNA might be merchants travelling the nearby Silk Road.”

The research was conducted using a technique called ‘Globetrotter’, which consists in analysing information across the whole genome in order to identify shared genes, even though individual mutations carry only weak signals about where a person is from. The study was conducted on the genomes of 1490 individuals from 95 populations around the world.

Dr Garrett Hellenthal of the UCL Genetics institute and lead author of the study, said “What amazes me most is simply how well our technique works.”

He continued, “We identify distinct events happening at different times among groups sampled within Pakistan, with some inheriting DNA from sub-Saharan Africa, perhaps related to the Arab Slave Trade, others from East Asia, and yet another from ancient Europe. Nearly all our populations show mixing events, so they are very common throughout recent history and often involve people migrating over large distances.”

Using genome data from 1,490 individuals across the 95 areas, advanced statistical analysis has identified groupings of DNA shared between individuals from varying groups.

As co-author Dr Daniel Falush was reported to have said, “Each population has a particular genetic ‘palette’. If you were to paint the genomes of people in modern-day Maya, for example, you would use a mixed palette with colours from Spanish-like, West African and Native American DNA. This mix dates back to around 1670CE, consistent with historical accounts describing Spanish and West African people entering the Americas around that time.

Dr Myers added, ‘’Understanding well the genetic similarities and differences between human populations is key for public health. Some populations are more at risk of certain diseases than others, and drug efficacy is also known to vary significantly. Rare genetic mutations are particularly likely to show strong differences between populations, and understanding their role in our health is an area of intense current research efforts.

“We hope in future to include even more detailed sequencing, to spot these rare mutations and better understand their global spread. Our method should be even more powerful when applied to these future data sets, providing rich opportunities for future work.”

The intriguing results of the research have been met with interest from students. Taylor Jaszewski, a visiting student studying History and Politics at St Anne’s, said, “The recent research completed on the details of the human genome in comparison with historical events is absolutely fascinating. This work represents a clear opportunity for the hard sciences and the humanities to work hand in hand and develop a more accurate account of our past.”

Jae Kwon, a biologist and visiting student also at St Anne’s, said, “This is amazing research which shows all the possibilities of pursuing genomic studies. Hopefully it will lead to further insights.”

Recent evidence in the ongoing News of the World’s phone-hacking case has revealed that Tony Blair secretly advised Rebekah Brooks to consider facing an independent inquiry headed by Ken MacDonald, QC, the current Warden of Wadham College.

A July 2011 e-mail from Brooks, then Chief Executive of News International, to James Murdoch alleges that Blair offered her advice for salvaging her reputation as the News of the World phone-hacking scandal emerged.

As part of her work for the Murdoch-owned News Corporation, Brooks was the 2003-2009 editor of The Sun, which publicly supported Blair during three general elections. She is understood to have been good friends with Blair.

According to Brooks, the former prime minister suggested she set up an inquiry to publish a “Hutton-style report” that would “clear you and accept shortcomings”. Blair went on to suggest Ken MacDonald as “a great and good type” who might be a candidate for the head of this inquiry.

At the time the e-mail was sent, Ken MacDonald had recently returned to private legal practice after retiring his post as Director of Public Prosecutions.

Later that July, MacDonald revealed “evidence of serious criminal offences” committed by News International whilst representing the Murdoch corporation in a trial regarding allegations that News of the World made inappropriate payments to Metropolitan Police offcers.

MacDonald’s 2003-2008 term as DPP was initially controversial, given that he had been colleagues with Cherie Blair at Matrix Chambers. At the time of his appointment. Michael Howard labelled him a “crony” of the Blairs.

During his time as DPP, MacDonald notably defended the rights of terrorism cases in the UK, opposing proposed extensions to detainment times and rejecting evidence obtained by torture.

MacDonald became Warden of Wadham College in September 2012. Both he and the College were unavailable for comment regarding his being linked to Blair in the new phone-hacking trial evidence.

The News of the World phone-hacking trial has been an explosive focal point for national discussion of privacy and surveillance since July 2011, when it was revealed the Sunday tabloid had accessed the voicemails of a murdered teenager, deceased British soldiers, and victims of the 7/7 bombings.

The subsequent 2012 Leveson Inquiry report confirmed News International’s extensive phone-hacking and recommended significant changes to British press culture.

Currently, seven people connected to News International are on trial at the Old Bailey, including Rebekah Brooks and David Cameron’s former Director of Communications Andy Coulson.

On Thursday, Rebekah Brooks was acquited of one of five charges against her.

Wadham SU has passed an emergency motion proposing to lobby the college for changes to the support systems for suspended students, allowing them access to college facilities.

The motion, which passed unanimously at Sunday’s SU meeting, was put forward by finalist Chloe Kane. It outlined plans to allow suspended students access to college grounds and services, and to guarantee accommodation until the end of the term in which the student rusticated, so as to allow them time to find alternative living arrangements.

A system was proposed whereby “students should have a key contact in college, who is designated as the special contact for suspended status students, who has undergone welfare training [and] can advise the student of their rights.”

Plans to provide “easily accessible information” about rustication were also put forward, and the motion stressed that the particular nature of each rusticatee’s case must be taken into account since “a blanket policy does not work well when each individual’s case and needs are different.”

Earlier this month OUSU announced changes to the University’s procedures for suspended students, under which those who rusticate will be allowed access to Oxford-wide facilities including faculty libraries, Nexus, and other services requiring a Bod card. However, under such proposals students would still excluded from individual college grounds, amenities, accommodation, and events.

One Wadham student described Sunday’s motion as “highlighting unfair treatment of rusticated students under the current system. Although at Oxford we’re told that our welfare is put first, our fantastic college-based services are off-limits to the most vulnerable at their most difficult time.”

Wadham SU President Anya Metzer stated, “College have independently expressed a desire to examine the Wadham policy on suspended students and after this motion passed unanimously we have a strong mandate to pursue the changes outlined in the motion. On the heels of OUSU’s recent triumph, students are engaging with this issue across campus, and I am keen to negotiate for the rights of suspended students as valued members of our community.”

The motion was submitted following a survey conducted through the Wadham SU Facebook page, which assessed the attitudes of Wadham students, both current and suspended, towards rustication. Of the 149 surveyed, 97 per cent felt they had received ‘little or no information on the issue of suspension’ and 92 per cent felt they ‘should have been better informed’.

Charlotte Cooper Beglin, Wadham SU’s Access Officer, commented, “Students most often suspend their studies for very difficult health or personal reasons, and they should still be seen as members of the college community and given the support they need.

“I’m glad we’re starting a conversation with college about it. Hopefully it will mean no-one feels ostracised as a suspended student and everyone gets equally good care.”

A recent clinical practice guideline by NICE, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, has been published recommending that doctors should halve the threshold for starting preventative treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) from a 20% risk of developing these conditions over 10 years to a 10% risk following research by Oxford University.

NICE have reported that although death rates from CVD have halved since the 1970s, it is still the leading cause of death in England and Wales. In 2010, 1 in 3 people died from CVD.

CVD develops when fatty acid deposits, known as atheroma, build up in arteries and narrow them, leading to coronary heart disease and stroke. The risk of developing CVD is increased by lifestyle factors such as a high cholesterol diet and smoking. NICE recommends that people are assessed for their risk of developing cardiovascular disease using measurements of whether or not they smoke, their cholesterol levels, blood pressure and body mass index in order to calculate a percentage risk of developing CVD in the next 10 years.

Professor Mark Baker, Director of the Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE, said “The risk is measurable and we can substantially reduce someone’s chance of a heart attack, angina, stoke and the other symptoms of cardiovascular disease by tackling the risk factors. We also recommend that statins are now offered to many more people- the effectiveness of these medicines is now well proven and their cost has fallen.”

However, this guidance is by no means final. It is currently issued as a draft for public consultation until 26 March 2014. Baker has said “We now want to hear views on this draft guidance which recommends that people with a 10% risk of developing CVD within 10 years are offered statins.”

This decision comes after a 2012 Oxford University study published in the Lancet, which showed that even very low-risk patients benefited from statins with almost no side effects. Currently, 7 million people in the UK take statins, at an estimated annual cost of £285 million. Professor Rory Collins, from the Oxford University team, said that the number of people who would begin taking statins as a result “would be in the order” of five million.

Professor Collins maintained that taking statins “remains a choice for the patient, it’s not mandatory.”

Professor Colin Baigent, another member of the Oxford University team, calculated that five million more people taking statins “would save 2,000 lives and prevent 10,000 heart attacks or strokes every year.”

Of course, statins are most effective in conjunction with lifestyle changes.. Professor Baker said, “as well as taking statins, people with raised cholesterol levels and high blood pressure should reduce the amount of foods containing saturated fat they eat.”

Marco Narajos, first year medical student and Online Editor of Bang! Science Magazine, said, “I think it’s a good idea, especially if the risk of side effects are low. However, even if the probability is low, some people could still be affected by the few side effects such as headaches and insomnia, especially if a large number of people take the drug. Whatever decision is made, every effort should still be made to ensure that people exercise more often and eat a healthy diet low in saturated fats, salt, and sugar, especially from a young age. The old proverb ‘An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure’ definitely holds true, even today.”