Tuesday 15th July 2025
Blog Page 173

Time to put a lid on it

0

Oxford’s drinking culture is known for the “work hard, play harder” mentality adopted by its university students. Most social interactions centre on the pub, the very conveniently subsidised college bars, or even formal dinners. It’s inescapable. Students are incentivised to attend networking events with on-the-house prosecco, offering a taste of the drinking culture at the workplace. 

However, as you progress through your degree, having that extra glass becomes less appealing when considering the inevitable, next-day hangover. I’ve noticed how your own drinking evolves just as much as you do throughout your time at university.

I remember being a first year and witnessing jaws drop when somebody mentioned that they didn’t drink. But over time, people stopped caring. I believe that having open discussions is key, especially its inclusivity, as social interactions revolving around alcohol are so normalised that individuals not participating are almost unheard of. The apparent decrease in drinking can be described as ‘sober curiosity’, as the author of Sober Curious, Ruby Warrington, has dubbed it. The term describes the self-reflection of one’s alcohol consumption, and its prevalence corresponds to fewer and fewer people feeling pressured to drink at every given opportunity. 

According to a UK university-wide survey by Students Organising for Sustainability (SOS), 81% of students said that drinking and getting drunk are a part of university culture. It is not inconceivable that those who do not drink might even doubt whether or not they are receiving the ‘full uni experience’. 

According to the same survey, nearly two thirds (61%) of students drink at home or at a friend’s house before going on a night out.

A student told Cherwell that they felt as though not drinking was a social barrier as they felt “weird being the only one who didn’t drink” and they would never attend ‘pres’ or ‘pre-drinks’ where “everyone bonded and got to know each other beforehand”. The idea that students have to drink to feel included needs to be broken down, and seeing the rise in alcohol-free options or even alcohol-free events on weekdays is a helpful step towards this. However, another student from St. John’s College addressed the financial barriers regarding alcohol-included tickets. Attending as a non-drinker, they said, simply “isn’t worth the money”.

Moreover, the drinking culture at Oxford is hardly reflective of one’s social experiences after graduation. As individuals from different cultures and upbringings enter our lives, it is unrealistic to expect everyone else to conform to the student drinking lifestyle that we are accustomed to at Oxford. However, non-drinkers remain a minority. According to DrinkAware, only 20% of adults aged 16+ were non-drinkers in 2019, and in 2021, 53% of adults aged between 18-24 said they had an alcoholic drink in a pub, restaurant or bar the previous week.

Despite the inevitably high likelihood of encountering drinkers during and after university, it is nonetheless important to highlight the shift in views on alcohol consumption in the workplace, especially in the private sector. Research by DrinkAware shows that private sector employees are more likely to be expected to drink at work events than those who work in the public sector. Private sector employees are also 2.5 times more likely to have alcohol subsidised by their workplace. However, in 2022, 130,000 Britons took part in Dry January compared to 4,000 in 2013. Whilst this 32.5x increase seems impressive, this figure is still only a quarter of the UK adult population.

Britain’s drinking culture is certainly not going away. On the whole, everyone faces social challenges, whether you are a drinker, a non-drinker, or even ‘sober curious’. Although alcohol can bring people together, it can also leave a fair number of people on the outskirts of social settings. Ultimately, we should always refrain from placing pressure on others to participate in drinking, and Oxford is the place to start. 

Image Credit: Jorge Royan//CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

Embracing the Echoes: The Significance and Allure of Literary Retellings

The concept of reimagining an existing story is relatively new in the context of storytelling, emerging more prominently in recent years. And while some people love retellings, others may find them unnecessary or redundant. They believe that the original stories already hold timeless value and don’t require reinterpretations or adaptations. I may also have been apprehensive at first, but over the years, I’ve grown fond of many retellings and have seen and appreciated the beauty of looking at classic stories from a new and fresh perspective. Retellings can be a celebration of those original stories, breathing new life into them and allowing them to resonate with a contemporary audience.

Here are some retellings that have altered my perspective on the genre and, hopefully, will help you do the same:

Tiger Lily was the first retelling I read. It puts a spin on the classical Peter Pan story and narrates the plot from Tiger Lily’s perspective. The retelling made me realize how misunderstood a character can be when portrayed in a slightly different light. It opened my eyes to the beauty and complexity of retellings and how they can challenge previously held opinions and beliefs.

Jodi Lynn Anderson skillfully weaves a tale that explores the complexities of love, identity, and societal expectations. Through Tiger Lily’s eyes, we see the challenges she faces as a member of a marginalized indigenous community, her fierce loyalty to her people, and her love for Peter Pan. By shifting the narrative perspective, Tiger Lily confronts preconceived notions and offers a fresh depiction of the characters we thought we knew.

The Song of Achilles remains one of my all-time favorite books! A vast array of Greek mythology retellings explore the realm of magnificent gods and glorious wars, and The Song of Achilles is a beautiful narration of the Trojan War from the perspective of a young-prince-turned-exile, Patroclus.

What sets the novel apart is its poignant and intimate portrayal of the Trojan War through the eyes of Achilles’ closest companion. Madeline Miller’s exquisite prose brings forth the emotional depth of Achilles and Patroclus’ relationship, capturing the tenderness, sacrifice, and tragedy that unfolds amidst the backdrop of the war. Through this retelling, Miller delves into the intricacies of the characters, exploring the motivations and vulnerabilities of Patroclus and Achilles. The story humanizes these legendary figures, peeling away their divine status by shedding light on their inner conflicts and desires in ways the Iliad never portrayed. 

A House of Salt and Sorrows strays the furthest from the original version of the three books. Erin A. Craig adds a layer of twisted horror and gore to the children’s fairy tale of The Twelve Dancing Princesses. It was fascinating to read as she expertly combined elements of dark fantasy, mystery, and suspense.

The retelling’s shift from the traditional fairy-tale narrative allowed for a deeper exploration of the characters’ emotions and incentives. Annaleigh Thaumas, the protagonist, became a multi-dimensional character haunted by grief, suspicion, and a relentless quest for the truth behind the mystery surrounding her sisters’ deaths. While it may have deviated significantly from the original tale, the novel stood out as a bold and ingenious retelling. It pushed the boundaries of the source material, giving it a distinct essence that will resonate with those who enjoy darker narratives.

If you remain hesitant about reading a retelling because you are afraid of “ruining” your perceptions and nostalgic attachments towards the original works… don’t be! I’m sure some of your new favorite novels will be found among retellings. Rather than thinking of these retellings as attempts to alter the original texts, it is helpful to view them as authors exercising creative freedom to offer a fresh perspective on classic tales and to reveal unexplored facets that could have existed. Similar to the way Anderson highlights Tiger Lily in the retelling when the original cast her aside, or how Miller illustrates the parts of Achilles that existed beyond the battlefield that Homer’s Iliad did not explore, or how Craig turns her version of The Twelve Dancing Princesses into something much more sinister and laced with horror – retellings have the ability to dig into the depths of secondary characters or reinvent settings and themes in ways the original tales couldn’t.

Inside the Oxford fashion scene: the Fashion Gala designers

The second Tuesday of Trinity is becoming a major date in the calendar for the Oxford fashion scene, host as it is to the now-annual Fashion Gala. At this year’s event, guests were witness to a runway showcase of outfits by some of Oxford’s most promising young designers. The looks ranged from floor-length statement dresses to graphic trench coats to elegant blazers and tartan two-pieces. For some, this was their second time showcasing their works in the Fashion Gala, whilst for others it was their first time having their designs publicly exhibited.

I spoke to some of the Fashion Gala designers, who told me about their background in the world of fashion and design, their pieces for this year’s gala, and where they find their inspiration. 

Thomas Kemball

Thomas is a second-year student reading English at Lincoln College, but he has long been interested in the visual, having taken an art foundation year, during which he began working closely with textile art. His love for fabrics and skill at sewing only went further and further from there. Chances are, you’ve already encountered some of his work; Thomas is a veteran of fashion at Oxford. As well as the Gala, he has been involved in student plays, working as Costume Designer for the Tempest at the Oxford Playhouse in Hilary 2023, and he is styling for Mitigating Circumstances this term. 

At last year’s gala, Thomas explains, he made and showcased his “first proper outfit” – a dress inspired by the Battenberg cake. If that isn’t delicious enough, this year he brought five designs to the gala, influenced by the “teatime aesthetic”. The designs were all connected by the theme of “heritage and Britain”; identity is at the core of Thomas’ designs. When asked about his fashion inspirations, Thomas cited designers like Mimi Wade, Martine Rose and Grace Bonner, and expressed particular interest in the collaboration between Louis Vuitton and the late Virgil Abloh – he finds “lots of influences everywhere”. And he certainly brought these interests together in his designs. Through the imagery of “quintessential Britishness” (including a top made out of a scone print), he explores what it means to be English – “who is allowed to be English, who looks English, who doesn’t look English”. He incorporated an array of materials, including tartan, lace and bows – very much in appropriate homage to Vivienne Westwood. Whilst the theme of identity is central to Thomas’ designs, he emphasises that he equally wants his work to be “light-hearted”. “Fashion is an art form, but it’s fun”, he tells me. He was very keen to make the process collaborative with the models who wore his designs on the runway, which he considers a chance for “showing off the person and the clothes at the same time”. 

Rose Morley

Rose studies Geography at St Edmund’s Hall and is in her second year – not only of her degree, but also of showcasing her sartorial skill at the Fashion Gala. Known for her vibrant, eye-catching statement pieces, last year Rose created an elegant black dress made with blow-torched foil attachments which made heads turn. 

This year’s piece was no less daring – a floor-length fuchsia gown, which Rose modelled herself, complete with a gravity-defying updo, powdered makeup and a hot pink lip. She describes her dress as “totally luxurious in a Shocking Pink satin”, which is a “delight to look at” but “rather more terrifying to stick a needle into”. I for one am glad she overcame this fear to deliver to us what was a spectacular runway look. Rose explains that the idea for the dress came from imagining what would happen “if Kylie Jenner’s Schiaparelli lion dress got put through the mind and motifs of Frieda Kahlo.” The make-up, which is quite frankly a whole art piece of its own, “takes inspiration from the incomparable Pat McGrath’s Christian Dior Spring 2007 and Autumn 2009 looks”. Meanwhile, the luscious up-do nods to the delights of Marie Antoinette, in that the “hair is a little up in the air, quite literally.” Rose raises the bottom of her skirt to show me a pair of delicate cream Mary Janes, which finished off the daintiness of this regal 18th-century look with a maximalist twist. 

Rose explains that her mother is one of her inspirations in all things fashion, giving her a “childhood of going to school in period-accurate costumes for WWII dress up day or World Book Day” which “sparked the joy” for “dressing up”. Her joy for “dressing up” is very much palpable in the exquisitely adventurous looks she has brought us for two years running. 

Olivia Tajo

Olivia designed and made four pieces for this year’s Fashion Gala, the first time she has displayed her designs in Oxford. Now in her second year studying English at Wadham, Olivia has ventured into the Oxford fashion scene with a bang – as well as the Gala this Trinity, she is also designing the costumes for Elspeth Rogers’ fifth week play The House. However, Olivia has long been involved in fashion design; they tell me how they first picked up sewing as an after-school activity when they were younger, as it was the only alternative to the dreaded sports option. What started as a casual hobby rapidly became an avid interest. She would flick through magazines and be especially drawn to couture designs, which she then sought to emulate in her sewing. 

The two dresses which Olivia made for the Gala, they tell me, were “based on 1999 Givenchy couture”, with a distinctly “mid-summery, flowery vibe”, fitting indeed for the warmer days we are enjoying now that we are in the sunniest term of the year. The long-term use of items of clothing is something Olivia takes to heart, as she explains that she tries to maximise the wear of a garment before giving it away. Indeed, Olivia made one of the dresses from “some old bedsheets”, explaining that they “really admired the pattern” of the bedsheets and so thought they “could not leave it to waste”. And she put it to good use indeed. Her aim with the dress was to render it in some degree a piece of visual trickery, looking like it would be “impossible to make” (though she confides that it was “difficult, but not impossible”). Olivia’s second dress likewise toyed with the notion of illusion, having found its inspiration in an unlikely place: her school library. There, amidst the bookshelves, Olivia became intrigued by the book roses which the school librarian made, and then sought to apply a similar technique to dress-making, experimenting with folding fabric to create an origami-esque effect.

Lottie Oliver

After modelling in last year’s Gala, Lottie became eager to bring a design of her own to this year’s showcase. A third-year Chemistry student at Lincoln, Lottie is a proficient dabbler in the sartorial sphere, with an unconventional manner of designing; she tells me she does not “follow patterns when [she] make[s] clothes”, but has a more freestyle approach. Whether or not she plays by the fashion rules, her look for the Gala did everything right. Nodding distinctly to the aesthetic of fairytales and the magical, Lottie created an ethereal piece consisting of a pale blue dress with leafy strap sleeves and rose buds of yellow and red. The most impressive element of the design, however, were the wings, made out of real “twigs and flowers and leaves”, a dazzling collage crafted from the materials of the natural world. Much like real fairy wings, Lottie’s construction was delicate; indeed, she tells me she initially wanted to make the wings only out of sticks, but “structurally that was going to be difficult”. 

She cites pantomimes and the theatre as a point of interest to her and an influence on her dramatic style of design. Her fascination with the fairy aesthetic came partly from a book she read as a child, in which the fairies’ clothes were made out of flowers. As well as this, Lottie found inspiration in the film Maleficent, especially the magnificent black horns of the eponymous character. Lottie explains that, like Maleficent’s horns, she wanted the wings of her design to “look like they were almost growing out of my back”, springing organically from the rest of the design.

Back over the COVID-19 lockdown, Lottie tells me, she transformed old curtains which her grandma offered to her “as a joke” into a piece which she recently wore to the Glitterball. Similar to Olivia’s repurposing of old bedsheets, this rings true to the theme of the gala, “buy less, choose well”, with its emphasis on using what one already has to create spectacular outfits. It is thrilling to see designers’ creativity being fuelled by what seem nondescript, everyday items. 

Beth Eames

Outside her academic studies – she is working on an engineering DPhil at Balliol – Beth is known amongst her friends for making her own clothes. Whether for an Oxford ball, an evening occasion, or a work meeting, Beth tells me that her friends often come to her with requests for pieces for various occasions – and with good reason. Beth tells me that she has been enthused by clothes-making since she was a child, learning to sew as a pre-teen and developing a soon-indulged “obsession” with having a sewing machine. A pattern-drafting course she took proved significant, as, she tells me, “making your own pattern felt very important” to her at that stage, “so that I could make stuff that I actually liked” as opposed to having to use pre-made patterns. Making her own year 11 prom dress was another exciting milestone for Beth. 

At the Fashion Gala, Beth showcased a sophisticated ensemble of six of her “evening wear” inspired pieces. The women’s looks, Beth tells me, are each made from “2 metres of Liberty London silk”. One of the dresses is “based on a commercial pattern”, which Beth then altered and to which she added slits and other personalising details. The designs are made from “different prints that I have loved and gotten obsessed with”, and from fabrics which are beautiful “to feel” as well as to look at. She also made a “matching linen suit”, a piece which finds its inspiration in the smart stylishness of business wear. The men’s look, a matte silk shirt, “looks more everyday”, but this does not make it any less chic – Beth is an expert in the marriage of comfort and flair.

Indeed, comfort is one of Beth’s priorities when making clothes. The urge to make occasion wear of her own came from the frustration of the difficulty of finding dresses for black tie events which both looked good and felt pleasant to wear. Making her own clothes means Beth can focus on creating pieces which are perfectly tailored to her own tastes and frame. The result are gorgeously original designs; she need not worry about arriving at a ball or elsewhere and finding herself in the same dress as someone else, nor fret about a too-low neckline or a sleeve which is too tight or too loose.

These five designers offered up a wonderfully varied range of pieces for the Gala. Each of them is at a different stage in their fashion journey, and it is pleasing to see that the Fashion Gala affords them a place to have their creativity showcased in Oxford. The guests on the night itself matched the designers’ enthusiasm for fashion, arriving in an array of outfits of varying levels of extravagance and responding vivaciously to the catwalk event.  The atmosphere was exuberant, rewarding indeed for the twenty or so designers who took part in the Gala this year.

The shift towards online thrift: a guide

Once upon a time, my mother used to vehemently admonish against wearing “other people’s tat”. However, after many an intense discussion, I seem to have persuaded her of the benefits of shopping for second-hand clothes and accessories. Often, we buy pieces from the same high-street label, except my Karen Millen tends to be a decade older than hers. Although it is still not enough for my mother to convert to the thrifting shift, she is constantly reminded, partly by her experience, partly by my own tastes, that the quality of new clothes has gone downhill.

So far, I have emphasised the importance of quality and have made no mention of cost, even though the latter is what motivates many to shop second-hand or vintage. However, finding older pieces that last longer is an equally exciting prospect. A steal is a steal, so I shall provide expertise about where and how to acquire one online.

Depop

Founded in the UK in 2011 and now perhaps the most globally accessible app or website for buying and selling second-hand pieces, Depop is the one that comes to mind when one thinks about buying ‘vintage, streetwear, one-of-a-kind, Y2K’ for the first time. Though I have found and bought some of my favourite staples from here, I recently decided to limit the types of garmentI purchase from Depop given how much the prices have inflated since I joined.  

If your reason for thrifting involves no financial compromise, then Depop’s plethora of independent vintage sellers will certainly appeal to you. Lots of people set up shops and businesses with a curated aesthetic and a consistent style of stock. Since these sorts of accounts are aiming to make a significant profit rather than selling old unused wares, the prices are ultimately going to parallel those on the high street. However, you can occasionally appreciate that the higher cost reflects not just the quality of the piece, but the effort put into garment sourcing in the case of more established sellers.

That said, if you hunt closely and ‘like’ or ‘save’ all the pieces you at least like the look of (despite the price), you can develop a curated ‘Suggested for You’ page, which might help you get closer to finding more pieces you like. I reserve Depop personally for pieces for formals and balls, and general style inspiration.

Vinted

As soon as you open the app, Vinted presents you with a curated newsfeed that considers not only your preferences for sizes and brands, but also takes into account the descriptions of your commonly favourited or searched items. This algorithm thus makes Vinted one of the easier websites to navigate through and find new wardrobe pieces. Though there are signs of inflation here and there, I find the prices to be generally more reasonable than on Depop, to the point that Vinted is my go-to app for hunting for new clothes and styles. 

There are fewer people trying to make big buck from selling their clothes and more who want to simply clear out their wardrobes. The app also encourages buyers and sellers alike to send in offers, and this insistence on price negotiation can really impact how much money you save depending on whether the seller approves it.

The only drawback is the additional fixed buyer protection fee that goes on after the item and shipping prices. As the name suggests, it is a regulation in place to help you in case of damages, losses, or scams, and it only amounts to about a pound more, but is certainly off-putting when your total skyrockets from £3 to £6.85. Other than that, I could not recommend Vinted more.

eBay 

There was a point in time when I used to adore eBay, as it was the best website for finding anything second-hand at affordable prices. The demographic of sellers tends to be like that of Vinted, with most people prioritising the decluttering of their homes as opposed to making substantial profit. It is also easier to find items that are being sold overseas than on Vinted, so you might have more luck finding what you want due to the broader catalogue on offer.

You can purchase items through auction or instant buy, and, in many instances, you might even be able to put forward an offer.  Another benefit of eBay’s buying process is that it is less complicated than that of Vinted due to the absence of additional buyer fees. I would say that more people have caught onto the rising popularity of second-hand shopping, and this is reflected in rising prices, but I still find eBay to be a good place to source unique jewellery and cool accessories.

My main piece of advice for navigating eBay is to know exactly what you are searching for, and how other people might describe it. Sometimes people give details in the description but write nothing about size, colour, or era, which means filtering your search might cause you to miss out on some good pieces. 

Some final online thrifting tips:

If you start to recognise common brands, research them before you buy. I tend to search for specific names and labels because I know that I like their styles and I can trust the sizing – when you buy second-hand online there is often a no-return policy except in the case that something arrives damaged. 

Just because a piece is no longer sold or the brand itself is discontinued it does not guarantee that you are buying a one-of-a-kind item. If you get beaten to a purchase, fear not – there is still a chance that you will find it again, perhaps at a lower price. 

Ask the experts – if your parents donated all their best clothes long ago, they could still advise you on brands and pricing. Most of the brands I end up buying from are the same high street shops that my mum used to frequent – she informs me about the brands that were worth it and those whose prices are now heavily inflated on Depop, and this has influenced my shopping habits for the better. She loves to remind me that Bay Trading for £20 is an utter rip-off, and that Jane Norman is slightly tacky. 

It is okay to deliberately buy fast-fashion second-hand since it is already in circulation and will not constitute to financially supporting unethical practices. Honestly, the longer it avoids landfill the better.

Making Out in Mesopotamia: kissing older than previously thought

0

Kissing may be a thousand years older than was believed, a new study conducted by the universities of Oxford and Copenhagen suggests. 

The study dates ‘human lip kissing’ as being an established feature of life in early Mesopotamiam societies by roughly 3500 BCE. Before Doctors Troels Pank Arbøll and Sophie Lund Rasmussen’s research, studies had suggested South Asia was the cradle of kissing civilizations supposedly establishing the practice by around 2500 BCE.

“In ancient Mesopotamia, which is the name for the early human cultures that existed between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in present-day Iraq and Syria, people wrote in cuneiform script on clay tablets”, said Dr Arbøll speaking with the Oxford Mail.

He continued, “many thousands of these clay tablets have survived to this day and they contain clear examples that kissing was considered a part of romantic intimacy in ancient times, just as kissing could be part of friendships and family members’ relations.” 

Among the tablets uncovered was a Babylonian clay model depicting what has been confidently called an ‘intimate scene’ dated roughly 1800 BCE. 

Dr Rasmussen added: “research into bonobos and chimpanzees, the closest living relatives to humans, has shown that both species engage in kissing, which may suggest that the practice of kissing is a fundamental behaviour in humans, explaining why it can be found across cultures.”

Perhaps unsurprisingly, evidence from Mesopotamian tablet records suggest that the institution of human lip kissing may have contributed to the transmission of cold sores. The sores are the hallmark symptom of a person infected with the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which Arbøll and Rasmussen tentatively identify with the “bu’shanu disease” referenced in a body of ancient Mesopotamian medical texts. Arbøll qualified the hypothesis: “the symptoms [of bu’shanu are] reminiscent of the herpes simplex virus”.

However, Arbøll and Rasmussen stress that cuneiform descriptions are not to be taken at face value. “It’s important to note that these ancient medical texts can be influenced by cultural and religious beliefs”, said Arbøll. 

Rasmussen offered a less conservative analysis: “if the practice of kissing was widespread and well-established in a range of ancient societies, the effects of kissing in terms of pathogen transmission must likely have been more or less constant.”

Neither Atik nor Bridge responded to requests for comment.

Hertford closes its library until 2025 for £16m renovations

0

Hertford college library plans to close in July 2023, with the fully renovated library to reopen in Michaelmas 2025. The renovations are estimated to cost Hertford £16 million.

Hertford claims that “our current library is not fit for purpose”. Last updated in the 1960s, they say that “staff and reader facilities are inadequate and cramped, and we do not have enough capacity for our modern or our historic collections.” The library currently houses an antiquarian collection of around 5,000 rare books which they say is currently ‘below national standard’.

The design of the new building hopes to resemble a “living space.” It will have areas for silent, solo study, study carels, and communal tables for group working. For improved accessibility, there will be a lift to allow step-free access to all floors. Additionally, they plan to create temperature-controlled rooms that have the space and capacity to store their archives.  

The main reading room will be underground with windows designed to maximise light. The front quad will remain almost without alteration. The plans also include the construction of a room terrace which will look over the Radcliffe Square.

The projects for expansion will increase the floor plan from 273 sqm to 607 sqm, doubling the amount of study seats available. It will also provide five new meeting rooms.

These works form part of the college’s desire to reach carbon net zero and biodiversity net gain by 2030. The design includes increased thermal performance as well as upgraded green spaces. 

The renovation is part of the ‘Hertford 2030’ project which “preserves the best of our past and enables the future of learning.” The college aspires to have half of the renovation funded by philanthropic donations. They are offering alumni opportunities to name a chair in the new library for £1,000, add their names to an online benefactors’ book, or fund a particular area of the library. 

From Michaelmas 2023 Hertford college is planning to offer students study space provisions and access to resources from other locations across college sites.  

Interview: ‘The Mandrake of Machiavelli’ at Exeter College

Most people probably haven’t heard of The Mandrake. Could you briefly explain what it’s about?

Kian: It’s set in Renaissance Florence, where the young Callimaco has fallen in love with Lucrezia. It’s a classic situation: Lucrezia is married, so Callimaco has a problem. His solution involves tricking Lucrezia’s husband (Nicia) into allowing his own wife to be unfaithful. Callimaco gets the help of a shady fixer called Ligurio and a corrupt Friar. That at least is what happens in the play: the question of what it’s ‘about’ is slightly more complicated.

Yes, fair enough, and I think you’ve shot yourself in the foot here, but could you have a go at answering what it’s about as well?

Kian: For what it’s worth, I think The Mandrake is about the wonder of effortful human achievement. Callimaco fixes his mind on a goal. It seems at first difficult or impossible, but he comes up with a clever and inventive plan, he tries hard in the execution of it, and it succeeds.

Aymen (Friar): I think it’s probably worth pointing out that that’s a quite unusual reading. For me, it seems much more obvious that it’s about how society, or men in particular, will go through the most ridiculous schemes in the pursuit of sex.

Kian: Sex is a part of it, and Callimaco does go through a lot of nonsense to obtain that goal, but it’s also true that this telos is entirely unoriginal and repetitive in the context of Renaissance comedy. What is interesting about The Mandrake isn’t the goal itself, but the way they achieve that goal. Hopefully that also goes some way to explaining why I’m interested in this play and decided to do it.

Why did you choose to do it in the Exeter gardens?

Matilda: First of all, it’s only half in the gardens. Then there’ll be an interval, and people can enjoy their drinks before moving to the chapel for the second half.

Kian: Yeah, and I think all of these locations make good sense for The Mandrake. In Florence, Brunelleschi’s dome is one of the most prominent landmarks, and maybe this is a bit facile, but where in Oxford is better to suggest that than somewhere with a view of the Radcliffe Camera? Much of the second half naturally belongs in a chapel too, as the Friar becomes more and more prominent.

Ethan (Callimaco): And you missed the deadlines for the BT and Pilch.

Kian: There’s that as well.

Are you bringing anything new to your production of The Mandrake?

Ben (Ligurio): homosexuality.

Kian: That’s true, but it’s not the only novelty we have in store. That said, I don’t think we’d be doing any crime by staging a play as obscure as this without much novel spin.

What do you think each of your characters contributes to the play?

Matilda: My character is very elusive and rarely appears onstage.

Kian: She appears onstage much more than many of the other characters…

Ben (Ligurio): I’d say there are two elements to this play, the funny part, and the actual plot, and Ligurio drives the actual plot.

Clem (Nicia): I’m basically there so people can make fun of my character.

Aymen (Friar): I’m there for that reason, and also to make fun of the Church.

Thura (Siro): I’m there to wash Ethan’s feet.

It’s starting fall apart a bit here. Let’s all try to sum up the play in three words.

Aymen (Friar): Money, sex, power.

Matilda: Comedy and commentary.

Kian: Buy tickets now.

Ben (Ligurio): Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday.

Ethan (Callimaco): And also Friday.

Clem (Nicia): This week only.

Aymen (Friar): See you there.

Kian: Ok, I think we’ve made that point to death now.

Tickets: https://www.ticketsource.co.uk/green-carnations-productions

Ever Gunner get a better chance?

0

Arsenal’s 1-0 loss to Nottingham Forest officially crowned Manchester City as Premier League champions for the fifth time in six years. But how did Arsenal let their biggest rivals win so comfortably with three games still to play? On January 18th, the Gunners held a sizeable eight-point lead over City, and they have spent 248 days at the top of the Premier League table this season, the most any side has ever done to then not win the league. The accusations of ‘bottling’ from rival fans are natural, but the reasons for such a late-season falter are of course more complex.

The first thing to note is Arsenal were not expected by anyone to challenge for the title this season. Having finished 5th last season, most expected them to challenge for the top 4 again, but really even the aspirations of their own fans did not extend much beyond that for their domestic campaign. Arteta recruited well in the summer, though, bringing in the City duo of Oleksandr Zinchenko at left-back and Gabriel Jesus as striker, as well as utilising the perennially loaned-out William Saliba at centre-back, who has particularly excelled, although was injured recently. 

His injury is a notable example of one of the crucial issues afflicting Arsenal in the late stages of the campaign: an unfortunate injury record and the lack of quality squad depth to make sufficient amends. Rob Holding has had to step in for Saliba at times, and he has clearly been exposed. The crushing 4-1 loss at the Etihad last month was particularly damming for Holding, unable to compete with the immense physicality and pace of Erling Haaland.

And while it is a myth to say that Man City possess a much larger squad than the rest of the league to deal with injuries and differing fitness levels of players, as City have actually only used 23 players across the course of the season, 3 less than Arsenal and the least in the entire division, it is fair to say that the quality of their replacements is superior to Arsenal’s. When Guardiola wishes to rest Bernardo Silva, he has the quality of Mahrez to step in, and he even at times has the licence to leave De Bruyne out in favour of World Cup-winning Julian Alvarez. 

The relentlessness of Manchester City cannot be underestimated one bit. This is a side that has won their last twelve Premier League matches – a side that has amassed more than 90 points on multiple occasions, even hitting 100 in 2018, and has now added arguably the best striker in the world in Erling Haaland to the team. It is hard to argue against them being the best Premier League side of all time, so is it really fair to see Arsenal as having ‘bottled it’?

There are perhaps some foundations in the argument of Arsenal showing a certain mental fragility in recent months. In April, they threw away 2 goal leads in consecutive games, the first away to Liverpool and the second to West Ham. Some have pointed to such results to suggest that the side lacked sufficient experience in decisive moments to hold their nerve and ensure the win, as true champions would. Arsenal has the youngest average squad age in the league, at 24.4 years, and aside from the aforementioned Zinchenko and Jesus, don’t have the luxury of players who consistently know how to handle the pressures associated with a title challenge, as City do. Having said this, they have equally shown moments of character in recent weeks, too, such as rescuing a 3-3 draw in the last minute against Southampton, having trailed 3-1. While such lack of experience may have proved a factor, therefore, it is not enough in and of itself to explain the drop-off. In fact, their youth can be said to have been a factor in their free-flowing, fearless football at the start of the campaign which fared them so well. 

Arsenal has had an unexpectedly impressive season, and although their performances in the past few months have been disappointing, to say the least, their inability to maintain their position at the top of the league should not be too excessively critiqued, given the fact quality of opposition they have been up against. The fear is, however, that this is a missed opportunity and one which may not present itself again in the near future. Manchester United are likely to improve further under Erik Ten Hag, as will Newcastle with more investment and both Liverpool and Chelsea have experienced off seasons this year, particularly the latter. Even though the criticism targeted at Arsenal in recent weeks should be considered more thoughtfully and put in proper context, it is slightly concerning for supporters of the Gunners that they may never get such a palpable opportunity to win the league again in the coming years.

Image Credit: U.S. Embassy London//CC BY-ND 2.0 via Flickr

Oxford Lancers thrash Cambridge to retake Blues Bowl title  

0

Saturday 13th May saw Cambridge Pythons visit Oxford’s brand-new pitch at University Parks to face off against the Lancers in the 16th annual varsity bowl. 

Although a strong team, the Lancers have faced a mixed season in their first year in Division 1. The Lancers suffered 5 losses but narrowly avoided relegation with 2 late season wins. This, paired with their unfortunate Varsity loss last year in a hard-fought contest against the Pythons, meant that the Lancers had it all to do this year. 

It was a cloudy day as crowds trickled into the stands of the Lancer’s new pitch, their logo firmly placed in the centre. The ambience was very relaxed, a mood that was in stark contrast to the determined Blues. On home turf and with a strong team, they indeed had the advantage, but weren’t going to rely on it.  

The game started out with good back-and-forth progress from both sides but neither team was able to establish themselves as the dominant offense. Soon however, the Lancers found an opportunity, capitalizing on a botched Pythons punt return and recovering the ball at the 15 yard-line. A couple of plays later, Quarterback Joel Chesters ran the ball wide to the right, avoiding tackles to score the first touchdown of the game – after a successful kick the score was 7-0 Lancers.  

Joel Chesters continued to torment the tabs the whole second quarter, starting with an impressive pass over multiple defenders which landed in the hands of receiver #19, Kevin Kim for the touchdown. Another converted kick by #8 Greg Rashid took the score up to 14-0. But Chesters was not done yet and near the end of the second quarter, he once again unleashed a stunning ball which was taken to the house by #14 Aari Shah with a beautiful catch and incredible speed for a 70-yard touchdown. After a slow start, Oxford had broken the back line of Cambridge finishing the first half with a score of 21-0. The Lancers’ defence, led by #15 Tom Ricketts was staunch and stopped any Cambridge offensive progress. Any momentum that the Cambridge team could bring into the next half of the game was gone, as it looked like it was Oxford’s before the half-time whistle was blown.  

The halftime show starred the impressive Sirens, who showed off flips and tricks to cheer on the team, and the mood in the stands and in the team was exciting and enjoyable. The players were cheered onto the field again for the second half of the game. 

The Oxford Lancers running game, led by running back #2 David Ojeabulu defined the start of the second half. The Pythons were facing threats from Chesters on the outside and Objeablu up the middle throughout the game. The Lancers running duo proved too much for Cambridge as the tabs were caught out between clogging the middle and covering the outsides. Chesters quickly scored his fourth touchdown, this time running it again wide to the left. Another converted kick took  the score to 28-0 

Eventually, the fourth quarter rolled around and after a touchdown from #2 Ojeabulu, a worthy reward for his 90+ yard effort in this game, the 35-0 score changed in Cambridge’s favour and a small bit of hope brewed for the clearly defeated Pythons. After a quick timeout, a well-deserved touchdown for the Pythons came behind a great drive from runningback #1 Mackintosh. The converted kick took the score to 35-7. With just a minute left to go, however, Oxford was keen to leave the biggest gap possible and collected another touchdown with just over a minute to play. Joel Chesters, the clear MVP of the match found his touchdown trifecta, a Lancer’s trick play had runningback Ojeabulu throw the ball to Chesters who ran it in for the touchdown; his reception made the score 41-7 and marked the end of the Blues Bowl.  

Ultimately the Lancers outplayed the Pythons this year, righting the wrongs of last by playing a faultless game. The Pythons will be disappointed with the performance but should be proud of the fighting spirit that they had until the end.  

Credit has to be given to all the event organisers, prominently Stewart Humble (#52 and Center for the Lancers) who in partnership with RC Milsap established the Lancers’ brand new grounds and organized this years Varsity Bowl. Credit is also due to the Sirens for their incredible performance midway. We look now to next year when Cambridge will seek to enact revenge. 

Image Credit:Gary Chesters

“The world around us is evolving at a much faster pace than the reading lists”: Are women underrepresented in the curriculum? 

0

The fact that women seemed sidelined by the curriculum in school always seemed an accepted fact. In GCSE English, we encountered depictions of Curley’s unnamed wife; in History, it was almost inevitable that women were not featured in broad discussions of 20th-century warfare. When it came to STEM subjects, I was far too preoccupied trying to pass maths to notice whether or not credit was being given where it was due. 

Dinah, a first-year Chemist, did notice. While completing GCSE and A-Level sciences she observed the persistent absence of female scientists in the school curriculum.  With a group of friends, Dinah wrote a letter to the Department of Education bringing up this concern. The reassuring response that arrived soon after stated that teachers could ‘teach about female scientists if they want to’. Taking into consideration just how little time there is to fit the curriculum into the school year and that teaching tends to be centred around the demands of exams, it is no surprise that the extracurricular inclusion of women scientists is unlikely to be undertaken. 

You can’t invent women scientists to be included in the curriculum where they don’t exist, but we don’t need to do any such inventing. As Dinah says, they do exist, but they aren’t included in textbooks: ‘the reason why people don’t think they exist is because they don’t know their names. It doesn’t take much research to find the work of female scientists, whose work is so linked to what we’re learning.’ Since female scientists and mathematicians are occasionally included in lectures, it’s better than the school curriculums where they were absent entirely, but even so, there are times when  their work remains unrecognised. Dinah recalls, when learning about DNA, that the scientists Watson and Crick might be mentioned, but no one mentions their colleague, Rosalind Franklin. ‘I’m waiting for them to say her name and they haven’t, and that’s someone who’s relatively well known’. It must be noted that in Oxford, knowing scientists’ names is not required, instead it’s seen to be an ‘inspirational, extra thing’. This approach seems fair, students already have enough content to remember. Nonetheless, this attitude echoes those of the Department of Education, leaving the inclusion of scientists, particularly women scientists, to the educator’s discretion. 

How does Oxford fare in comparison to GCSE and A Levels? 

I spoke to Sharon, the president of Oxford University Feminist Society, who is also a Human Sciences finalist. She emphasised the importance of including a more intersectional view; not only are women underrepresented, but this is especially the case for BIPOC women: ‘Women are underrepresented – especially BIPOC women. If there are women’s perspectives included, it’s usually white, upper-middle class women’. This brings up ideas about who gets to be included on reading lists. Of course, a meritocratic process sounds like the best way to go, but it’s also important to consider the obstacles which prevent this process from being put in place. Meritocracy is supposed to reward the talented and hardworking and create legitimate hierarchies within academia. However, as Sharon made clear, there are many obstacles which (even unwittingly) prevent women, particularly BIPOC women, from being included in a ‘fair’ way. Studies in social psychology relate this phenomenon with ‘implicit bias’: the attachment of stereotypes to particular social categories such as race or gender, which are so ingrained that one may not know they hold them. It seems that the meritocratic system may unwittingly uphold implicit biases which most of the time propagate unjust stereotypes. For example, one study found that when it came to publication, if refereeing was not anonymous, women’s work was more likely to be evaluated more negatively than men’s – solely due to the name attached to the work. Awareness of this bias is perhaps the first way meritocratic systems can be followed according to their aims.

Representation can also have negative effects on the viewer, in this case, women. The impact of ‘seeing yourself’ represented in a certain field or discipline will inevitably have differing effects depending on the individual. As Sharon put it, “In the media it’s so important to see yourself, but in academia it’s so important to read yourself”. The representations which surround us invariably shape the stereotypes and perceptions we hold, with real consequences. As mentioned, implicit biases can be reinforced through underrepresentation, but it also reinforces another phenomenon called ‘stereotype threat’, which occurs when people are reminded of the negative stereotypes associated with themselves, and end up performing worse as a result. An interesting example of this was a 2004 study that found that women who checked the gender box before taking their AP calculus exam did worse than students who checked the box after. It seems that this problem may also be prevalent in Oxford; as Dinah told me, “I feel like even now doing my degree, everyday I’m bombarded with images of what a scientist looks like: a white man with grey hair”. Inevitably, this may lead to some difficulties in relatability and feelings of belonging within the scientific community – which is in contemporary times a very diverse field. Sharon emphasised that often the reading lists given to undergraduates do not reflect the discipline itself. In fact, Sharon continued that “The world around us is evolving at a much faster pace than the reading lists”. Both Dinah and Sharon agreed that the images and ideas presented in classes, and the reading lists which follow, may be lagging behind the developments outside of the classroom.

So what’s the solution? 

I brought up the idea of quotas, which seemed to be put forward by the Philosophy Department in 2018. The suggestion was to ‘feminise’ the curriculum by ensuring 40% of the authors on reading lists were women. Understandably, this created some debate – a quota seems to undermine the academic, meritocratic process to which higher institutions like Oxford should adhere. A quota could potentially fill the gaps of an implicitly exclusionary reading list, essentially forcing people to grapple with new perspectives that they otherwise would have never considered; as Sharon put it, “If it gets people to interact with literature they would never have looked for themselves … I think that can only do good… It widens people’s points of view whether they like it or not”. At the same time, numerical quotas seem quite arbitrary, and there doesn’t seem to be a one-size-fits-all approach that could be applied across different subjects. The divisive nature of a quota – leading to outrage about the preservation of meritocracy, also seems to be a drawback. Perhaps the most important thing is to emphasise the reason why a quota could exist, and as Sharon said, “Interrogate your assumptions to understand why it might be happening’, rather than seeing it as an ‘attack on the integrity of academia”. A quota is a double-edged sword: encountering new perspectives is crucial to a better understanding of the world, but the presentation of it as a method of shoehorning in new perspectives, rather than them being included for their academic excellence, would be performative. As Sharon commented, “The fact that they could exist is sad in and of itself. You aren’t just going to increase representation of women because you should, because they offer a perspective, but because you are forced to”. This conversation also brings us back to Dinah and her group’s call to better include women in the GCSE and A-Level curriculums. It doesn’t seem like a taxing demand – it seems more so about giving credit where credit is due. How can this be denied? 

Implementing institutional change in Oxford seems difficult; the university is so fragmented in its organisation, and institutes source their tutors individually. Sharon believes this system is used as an ‘excuse’ to prevent a change – ‘because the system works this way there’s nothing we can do to change it’. Considering whose responsibility it is to push for change is also interesting. Sharon talked about how after the BLM protests in 2020, an announcement was made before a lecture which asked students to submit any suggestions they had to the Race Equality Task Force. Sharon continued,‘They were particularly looking at me and the only other black person in the room. It was great but it was also very uncomfortable being singled out’. Sharon also emphasised the wider trend of placing the responsibility to enact change on students, particularly by Diversity and Equality officers. Change of the curriculum is only a symptom of wider social conditions, but even so, it’s important to try and recognise the need for change, because, as Dinah said it best, ‘as students, we are also the next generation of teachers’.

To find out more about Dinah’s campaign, email: [email protected]

Find more information about Oxford Fem Soc: @oxfemsoc