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Oxford’s new Reform UK society puts students like me at risk

Saba Ahmadzadeh Noughani
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Oxford’s new Reform UK society puts students like me at risk

“Then they came for the Jews

And I did not speak out

Because I was not a Jew

Then they came for me

And there was no one left

To speak out for me”

-Excerpt from ‘First They Came’ by Pastor Martin Niemöller

I was too mentally exhausted to write this article, but I grew up watching my mother respond to every verbal harassment we faced on the street. When I once told her she could ignore it, she told me that they are relying on stereotypes surrounding Muslim women: they rely on us to be what they want us to be, silent and meek. It is our silence that emboldens them.

My heart dropped when I saw Cherwell’s headline: “Oxford Reform Society registers for Michaelmas”. This comes after Regius Professor Emeritus of Moral and Pastoral Theology at the University of Oxford, Nigel Biggar, defended the use of the N-word, and a few months after the Oxford Union hosted a debate on the motion “This House believes the West is right to be suspicious of Islam”. In the term prior, the former Oxford Union Librarian, Brayden Lee, was recorded making a string of comments targeting ethnic minorities, particularly those from Muslim-majority nations.

It’s clear that anti-Muslim hostility has not only passed the dinner table test, but has further infiltrated our student societies. But even at a time when a mosque in the UK is attacked every five days, I still refuse to make this article about my feelings or the British Muslim community’s fears about Reform UK. I am reminded of Muslim poet Suhaiymah Manzoor-Khan’s poem ‘This is not a humanising poem’, and I too refuse to defend my humanity or plead for empathy before my fellow Oxford students. To see us in this undignified position has been the cause of entertainment for many Oxford students, and has motivated many recent debates about our faith and background at the Oxford Union.

I do argue, however, that the Oxford Reform UK society will invite a breeding ground for anti-Muslim and anti-BME rhetoric on University grounds. Its existence only makes students like myself feel more at risk in our own University. Reform’s record of targeting Muslims and minorities speaks for itself.

In May 2024, Reform leader Nigel Farage said that “a growing number” of British Muslims “do not share British values”. In March 2025, the then-Reform Business and Agriculture Spokesman, Rupert Lowe (who has since been suspended after allegations of bullying and now leads the Restore Party), asked the government whether it would prohibit slaughter without stunning in order to ban halal meat, despite such a prohibition also applying to Kosher slaughter, which he did not call for banning. In January 2026, Sarah Pochin questioned the UK government’s definition of anti-Muslim hostility.

Reform also embraced Lee Anderson in March 2024, who was suspended by the Conservative Party for saying: “I don’t actually believe that the Islamists have got control of our country, but what I do believe is they’ve got control of [Sadiq] Khan and they’ve got control of London.” 

Another Reform candidate, Paul Harrison, backed mass deportations and retweeted an AI-generated caricature of Muslim men with Pakistani flags. A post on candidate Howard Raymond Din’s social media called for the mass shooting of Muslims, and candidate Leo Fruhman adopted the slogan “Every Muslim Out of Europe” under his tweets, which include “don’t f**king bring your barbarism tho or we’ll kick you to where you came from”, and “yes I do have a problem with Muslims”.

Many articles in the national press argue that Reform is racist, misogynistic, and Islamophobic. I need not write to convince you of this. I simply argue that a political party with a record of anti-Muslim hostility should not be active, promoted, and legitimised, least of all at institutions where many Muslims like myself live and study.

Every student has the right to feel safe and welcomed in their university, especially when university grounds are where they call home. It is not unreasonable for a student from any vulnerable group to feel unsafe around other students who openly support a political party that repeatedly targets them. It is also not unreasonable for them to feel unsafe on college grounds that may be hosting a politician for a society event who holds such views.

While unregistered, the Oxon Universities’ Reform Society hosted a Restore/Reform debate as well as inviting David Starkey to give a talk – the very same David Starkey who said “so many damn blacks survived during slavery”.

Reform has had to address extremist views spiralling out of control in its own party. During the 2024 general elections, it was made to remove more than a dozen candidates over their racist comments. This included campaigner Andrew Parker, who described Islam, rather than organised religion in general, as ‘a cult’. He suggested that the army should “F**king just shoot them”, referring to asylum seekers, and said of Rishi Sunak: “I’ve always been a Tory voter, but what annoys me is that f**king [P-word] we’ve got in.”

A 2026 investigation found many more Reform candidates making Islamophobic and racist comments, only some of whom were suspended. Former candidate Caspar Thomas tweeted that we should “kick Muslims out of our country”. He has written that “Black peoples have such a cringe victim complex”, and that “Indians are nasty”. While some of these individuals have been removed by Reform, it begs the question: what is it about Reform’s policies that keeps, time and time again, attracting these circles to begin with? 

If one truly studies Reform beyond the few examples mentioned in this article, they will quickly realise that the party is not truly concerned about immigration, integration, or British values, but only cloaks its moral panics and hostilities against Muslims and ethnic minorities behind these talking points. I do not expect students from different backgrounds to fully understand our experience of life. Non-British Muslims will also never understand the fears that dominate our lives. But it is further isolating to know that nobody will speak up or stand up for us, even outside the Reform event rooms. 

Students at the University of York protested their Restore student society. But I don’t feel confident that Oxford students would react the same way to the newly formed Reform society. It is not only the society that worries me, but also other students’ indifference towards it. I grew up in Britain where an anti-Muslim rally is described as a “an amazing day out with the family” and men who spew hatred against Muslims are called “activists”. Unsurprisingly, I have not always felt safe walking down the road as someone who is visibly Muslim. 

But now, with the new Oxford Reform society, I cannot say that I will always feel safe walking on college grounds, outside my dorm, in the JCR kitchen, or in any other shared space. Muslim and ethnic minority students should not have to navigate these spaces worried that the people close to us feel the same sentiments towards us that the student political society they belong to does.

Oxon Universites’ Reform Society was contacted for comment and told Cherwell that they share “concerns for the safety of all in Oxford”, with reference to a BBC News article from 2020 about grooming gangs in Oxford.

The legacy of the caricature

Ruya Oral
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The legacy of the caricature

Hollywood has had a tough year so far. That the ‘In Memoriam’ section of the 2026 Academy Awards is going to be a serious tear-jerker was solidified by the passing of Dolly Parton and Tim Curry over two consecutive days. Both legends in their own right, one can scarcely imagine Parton and Curry in the same room, the former a peroxide-blonde, rhinestone-clad country singer and the latter the ultimate black-comedy villain typecast – but their successive deaths have brought to light the many ways in which the two stars embodied the same, distinctive strangeness in the celebrity scene. 

The current cultural landscape requires that every celebrity also be an influencer. Since the start of the millennium, stardom has been undergoing a perhaps uncalled-for yet inevitable co-mingling with the rise of social media. It is no longer possible to be celebrated simply for, say, your acting skills – you must also cultivate a persona with which to engage with your fans. This means that ultimately what celebrities profit off most is normalcy. To appeal to the largest group of people, they must appear quirky whilst actually being anything but. The ‘niches’ they sign their names to are of no use if they are not easily applicable to anybody who has an Instagram account. Hence the mass hysteria surrounding what I term ‘nothing aesthetics’: clean girl. Quiet luxury. No-makeup makeup look. The most sought-after manicure? Funny bunny (milky white), or if that is sold out, bubble bath (pinkish white). Pantone’s colour of the year? Cloud dancer (cloudy…white?). Disturbing political implications aside – we are still living in the aftermath of Sydney Sweeney’s American Eagle ad, after all – we are somehow witnessing the death of both individuality and community formed around unique and marginal traits at the hands of inoffensiveness.

One of the biggest perpetrators of the monochrome and monotone-ification of everything is Kylie Jenner. In an effort to keep up her quirky appearances, she has momentarily set the nude lip-kits aside to start a trend of putting gem stickers on everything – including the lip-kits. She’s so crazy, love her! Since Jenner launched the bedazzled editions of her makeup line, every social media platform has been flooded with images of people covering their journals, bedsheets, and pickle jars with gem stickers, no doubt to be removed as soon as the photo has been taken. It’s both devastating and embarrassing, then, to hear Dolly Parton’s nephew Bryan Seaver announce that before her death Parton told him that she wanted “to rest in a beautiful bed of plush cotton because after a life wearing heavy rhinestones, she finally deserves to be comfortable and have some rest”. Not even the most committed “whimsy-maxxer” will ever get to make such a bittersweet statement.

Largely acknowledged as the most universally beloved public figure, dead or alive, Dolly Parton spent much of the first few decades of her 70-year career facing ridicule for the way she presented herself. Infamously modeling her look after the ‘town tramp’, Parton sported blonde wigs piled up to the high heavens, blood-red acrylic nails, and tight, rhinestone-studded clothes that accented her figure all the way until her final public appearance. “I’ve often made the statement that I would never stoop so low as to be fashionable”, she said in a 1977 interview with Barbara Walters, where she also acknowledged that many people’s initial reaction to “the ridiculous way I look” was either shock or mockery. However, she knew that the real joke was always on those who made fun of her: “I know exactly what I’m doing, and I can change it at any time.” Hers was a costume that was designed to be abnormal, and she chose to put it on every day. She reveled in the caricature that she made of herself, and by never once folding under the pressures of those who thought her ‘trashy’, she eventually brought everybody over to her side. 

Though even Donald Trump joined in on the national mourning period, Parton lived as a decided non-conformist until the end. She never had children; she never made public appearances with her husband, and often talked about how their relationship thrived because she was often away from home and free to do whatever she wanted; she supported LGBTQ+ causes, and even went on record many times to say that if she were born a man, she would have been a drag queen. Indeed, many of her queer fans think of her as the first cisgender woman to do drag on the global stage on account of her campy, ultra-feminine persona, performance skills, and witty, self-effacing humour. Beyond her branding, her philanthropy was also consistently aimed at enabling social and cultural progress. She supported new artists, both financially and morally; she started one of the biggest and most successful literacy programmes in history with her Imagination Library; she funded COVID-19 vaccine research, and offered herself up for their trial. She used the glitz and glamour which once made her strange, different, and alienated her from her people to foster happiness, mobility, and freedom in communities like her own. 

Unlike Parton, Tim Curry revealed little to nothing about his personal life throughout his lengthy career on both screen and stage. He also didn’t have a consistent persona like Parton’s, rather walking through a revolving door of increasingly freakish and subversive characters. Similar to Parton, though, his embrace of the caricature was a force that created community, even in the absence of any discernible shared traits. Best known for his performance as Dr. Frank-N-Furter in The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) – described by Peter Bradshaw as a “sonorous and feline… vampirically queer alien sex god” – Curry’s lasting influence in the role is showcased by the millions who attend showings of the film in full costume every year. A self-proclaimed “sweet transvestite”, Dr. Frank is a figure of unintelligible sexuality and gender who violates both scientific and ethical codes to satisfy his desires. He is also not altogether human, hailing from the planet “Transsexual” in the galaxy of “Transylvania”. By playing into these stereotypes about queer people, Curry’s performance emphasises their ridiculousness and forces the audience to reckon with the rigidity with which they treat those unlike them, and how their bigotry ultimately reflects on how they govern themselves. For 50 years, Curry’s Frank-N-Furter has brought people together and allowed them to leave the binaries that rule their lives at home. That is the power of kitsch: it invites you to laugh with, not at, the strange and unfamiliar.  

We are living through a watershed period of conservatism and regression. What conservatism does, as well as actively infringe on our rights and livelihoods, is inspire fear and shame surrounding behaviours that might provoke those in charge to infringe on our rights and livelihoods. It also turns us against people who are in truth no different from us, but we see them as stepping over some arbitrary line we have drawn, fearing that it might endanger us too. The weekly ‘cancellation’ of Chappell Roan, who is more like both Parton and Curry than not, proves it. The definition of ‘normal’ is becoming narrower by the day, and even if you currently believe yourself safe, come tomorrow you too might be strange and dangerous in the eyes of the law. Though their deaths have dimmed the sun in my world as well as many others, I rest easy knowing that Parton and Curry never once compromised the things that made them happy in fear of being perceived as strange, and the art that they have left behind means that they will be remembered forever. Few of us will get to be so lucky.

How my year abroad in France healed my relationship with food

Verity Fleetwood-Law
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How my year abroad in France healed my relationship with food

CW: Eating disorders.

We’re sitting at a makeshift dining table at the foothills of the Pyrenees, the mystic beauty of the mountains enveloping our little group. Stretched out before us is rich tomato pasta, savoury soups, cold chicken, and crusty baguette from the best bakery in Tournefeuille. A ‘quick lunch’ in the midst of a busy choir tour. An impossibility in the French mind. The main course is naturally followed by a litany of post-lunch titbits: cheese, compote, coffee. I enjoy my food without anxiety – the mountains have made me hungry, and I relish each bite.

I have not always felt so liberated in my enjoyment of food as I did that day in the Pyrenees. I never really considered our relationship to be damaged – it was just the natural suspicion of something which might affect my weight, and thus my worth. Calories occupied my thoughts, but I had never restricted myself so much as to cause a physical problem, which meant that there was no problem.

As someone who developed at a young age and towered over primary school friends, I found it hard not to be conscious of the space I took up. At secondary school, while other fears crept in, that one, the one about my body, seemed to fade out. Yet almost immediately after starting my first year at Oxford, I felt it return, this time stronger than before and reinforced with a healthy dose of imposter syndrome.

My academic and social status felt newly intertwined with how my body looked. I remember excruciating conversations at formals – the declaration of the confident maxim that “everyone here is skinny!” – and feeling my stomach drop, thinking that I was not included in this “everyone”. Looking back, such thoughts were paranoid and irrational, and the decision to only very occasionally eat breakfast during first year made me tired and unhappy at a time when my tutorial essays were exhausting enough.

Something began to shift in my second year. Having faced down Prelims, I had a greater confidence in my academic ability and started exercising regularly, which necessitated eating more food. I also started going out with someone who loves cooking and eating as much as I do, and I’m happy to say that the enjoyment of delicious food continues to be a core part of our relationship. Despite this, food still played on my mind. I enjoyed a regular breakfast, but fears of calories loomed and I only allotted myself one sweet treat every two days (or often every three, or four).

Enter the year abroad. On my second day in Toulouse, where I would study for one semester, we lunched with family friends at a food market that could be classed as one of the ‘Seven Wonders of the Modern World’. Stalls sold glossily sheened and butter-enriched pastries, every cut of meat imaginable, and an exotic variety of fish, including sea urchins. All this wonderment preceded a long lunch upstairs, which observed the restaurant’s formule (a concept I came to know extremely well). Naturally, the meal started with an apéritif, followed by crusty bread and two courses. Though at this first, emblematic encounter I instinctively wanted to excuse my indulgence with thoughts of “it’s okay to eat like this because I’m technically on holiday”, I would soon come to break this pattern of thinking – my delight in French cuisine had only just begun.

In French culture, dining is about conversation as much as food. I quickly noticed that Toulousains often sat for hours, chatting, over meals. A combination of reasonably priced restaurant menus – free from the shackles of calories (thanks, Boris!) – the travesty of my student accommodation prison kitchen, and a rapidly formed friend group of fellow Erasmus students, quickly allowed me to assimilate into this alluring way of life.

Of course, my student lifestyle in Toulouse did afford me much more time than I ever had in Oxford. Post-Brideshead Revisited, most of us rarely have time for a three hour long lunch in between lectures and tutorials. However, even working 9am to 5pm for six months in Paris, I found space to regularly enjoy an apero with my friends and relish a superb sandwich from my favourite boulangerie. I was fortunate to live in an unusual student residence in Paris which offered a daily breakfast of tartines to all inhabitants, a practice which both saved me money and facilitated some of the most interesting conversations I had during my time in France.

My relationship with food had changed without me realising it. I no longer limited my intake of sweet things to twice or thrice weekly, instead relying on my own intuition. Sometimes that final course doesn’t seem appealing at a restaurant, but equally one sometimes must acknowledge the futility of denying oneself a particularly appealing patisserie. The year abroad was transformative for me in so many ways – not only did my relationship with food begin to heal, but I also had the luxury of time to reflect on how I was changing as a person, which, in turn, motivated me to maintain these positive changes.

I do not mean to say that diet culture and eating disorders do not exist in France – of course they do. Through conversations with French friends and colleagues, I learnt that fatphobia is also rampant, as is the favourite French appetite suppressant: the cigarette. Nor is French culture unique in granting the dining table a hallowed status – I recently learnt that in the Antioquian culture of Colombia, it is customary to spend the first hour of dinner discussing the quality of the food.

I am reluctant to claim that my relationship with food is completely healed. Like learning a language, the process has been a non-linear one – some days are worse than others. There is no doubt, however, that my time in France has irretrievably altered this crucial relationship for the better, and I expect to continue this healing process as I rejoin Oxford life.

Oxford Reform Society registers for Michaelmas

Stanley Arlidge and Mair Andrews
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Oxford Reform Society registers for Michaelmas

The University of Oxford has a Reform UK society for the first time, after registering with the Proctors. 

After a six-month wait to approve their application, the political society announced its official registration with the University in an Instagram post. The society’s President, Lincoln Hewitt, told Cherwell: “Our overarching aim is to open up Oxford to new ideas and debates ideas that students have had nowhere to discuss but a quiet pub corner, debates that the Union would not host.”

Though previously operating as the Oxford University Reform Society, they are officially referred to as the Oxon Universities’ Reform Society due to University rules on the use of the University trademark by new clubs. The extent of the society’s official relation to Reform UK is unconfirmed. 

The Oxford society’s registration comes amid a surge of Reform-affiliated groups at UK universities. In November 2025, the national party set up Students for Reform, a network of Reform UK groups in universities across the country, to champion Reform-supporting students. A recent Instagram post by Students for Reform celebrated the presence of Reform societies at 13 out of 24 Russell Group universities.

Increased Reform presence on campus has caused controversy at multiple UK universities. Over 400 students and staff at the University of York protested against a Reform UK speaker event in November, while other Reform societies have faced hostile campaigns from left-wing groups and petitions against their affiliation. Earlier this year, a confrontation between Reform students and left-wing protestors at St Andrews University prompted Suella Braverman, a former Conservative MP who defected to become a spokesperson for Reform UK, to release a statement condemning both the university and the “political violence” of the students involved. A poll from the Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI) in January showed that 35% of UK students believe Reform should not be allowed to speak on campus. 

While unregistered, the society hosted a Restore-Reform Britain debate and an event with historian David Starkey titled “A Scandal Unlike Any Other: Mandelson and the Rise and Fall of the New Labour System of Corruption”. The President of Reform Society told Cherwell that “the resources at our disposal and the University’s freedom of speech protections will permit us to run the full complement of events expected of an Oxford political club”. A forthcoming term card promises an “extensive programme of speaker events including members of parliaments and public figures”, the President added. 

Regarding the new society’s role in the student politics landscape, the President told Cherwell: “Students on the right can expect to find their home and their voice.” President-Elect of the Oxford University Conservative Association, Aarav Desai, told Cherwell: “Oxford University Conservative Association will always remain the greatest home of conservatism in the University, with our esteemed history of fostering debate, free speech and conservative ideals… There will be no defectors to Reform society here”. 

From Oxbridge to Silicon Valley: The rise of student entrepreneurship

Emma Heagney
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From Oxbridge to Silicon Valley: The rise of student entrepreneurship

90% of startups fail – but some young people aren’t deterred by this infamous statistic. Between 2014-15 and 2022-23, there was a 70% increase in the number of UK university startups, with these being led by some of Britain’s brightest young minds. But as the graduate job market continues to suffer, these founders often look abroad to scale their businesses. The pattern is a familiar one, and one characteristic of an ‘incubator economy’, in which startups move to London or overseas due to a lack of funding. Does a university education remain valuable for these young entrepreneurs, or can entrepreneurship serve as an increasingly popular alternative to traditional routes to success?

Social media and startups

For content creator and Cambridge student Erin McGurk, entrepreneurship was the natural outcome of her social media experience. Beyond the hard-earned skills that come with a combined following of over 1 million on multiple social media platforms – such as negotiating contracts, having her voice heard in sales meetings, and creating engaging videos – Erin told  Cherwell that documenting her university experience was the main factor motivating her to launch her business. Egoist Machines allows users to create an ‘AI passport’, in which their personal information can be transported across AI platforms. The startup is backed by Y Combinator, arguably the most prestigious startup accelerator in the world – but, speaking to Cherwell from San Francisco, she still sees the immense value of a university degree.

Erin’s appreciation for her Cambridge experience derives primarily from the opportunity to connect with like-minded people: “Without Cambridge, I wouldn’t have met my co-founder, Daniel. There’s also a sort of availability bias, as I have the privilege of meeting experts in their fields.” Erin also shared on her TikTok page that she had switched courses in her first year, shifting from economics to land economy, stating that she wanted to study “the practical applications of economics”, a choice that seems to align with her ambitions in the business world. Nevertheless, Erin doesn’t entirely reject a traditionally successful career path, such as law or finance: “These industries make the world work!” For her, the risk of founding a business was something she was prepared for, because she had her social media career as a backup and was still young enough to lack significant financial responsibilities. If anything, one of the hardest adjustments has been to American hustle culture: “The UK has a disproportionate amount of talent, but ‘San Francisco optimism’ is abundant, and quite un-British.”

For some young entrepreneurs, however, university is off the table. Ishaan Bhimjiyani, better known online as Revishaan, shocked his ‘studytok’ audience in 2023 by abandoning his Oxbridge aspirations for an entrepreneurial path in Dubai. Speaking to Cherwell, he lists a number of factors that influenced his decision, the greatest of which was his social media success. With just over 400,000 TikTok followers as of 2026, Ishaan has been creating content since before he even sat his GCSE exams. He first gained attention for his study-focused videos, from livestreaming his revision to hosting study meet-ups in London. Speaking to Cherwell, he noted that developing his image and working with brands gave him the skills he needed to start his own business. He told Cherwell: “Content creation starts as a fun hobby and slowly becomes a side hustle. I had to file my own taxes, negotiate my worth, and learn how to be brand safe.”

This business acumen, acquired from a relatively young age, was bolstered by him having the right characteristics for entrepreneurship. “You can’t get anywhere without taking risks”, he said. “Being a good entrepreneur is about what you do with your opportunities, how you communicate, whether you know your worth, and whether you can solve problems.” For Ishaan, these characteristics are enough. “People think I come from a wealthy background, but I had no family connections in this industry. A full-time job isn’t enough anymore, and the pressure on young people to earn is enormous, so side hustles often end up performing better than a main career.” This precarious situation in the UK led Ishaan to relocate to Dubai, where he enjoys lower taxes and better support for his entrepreneurial vision. “The UK really punishes business owners,” he said. “You pay so much in tax, and you don’t see where it goes, whereas countries like Norway and Finland have high taxes but plenty of support for businesses. Silicon Valley and Dubai are the best places for an entrepreneur to be.”

Ishaan doesn’t regret his choice to forgo a university degree: “Gap years exist for a reason. You can always go back to education.” He is currently the CEO of TapLab, a talent management agency representing over 100 ‘study influencers’. With an impressive display of brand partners, from Apple to Samsung and Beats, his ed-tech company reflects the very beginning of his career – in his room, livestreaming his GCSE revision. When asked about the future of his business, Ishaan firmly states that he is aiming to eventually exit and sell the company. Investing is his main passion, and has been the focus of his content since deciding not to attend university. Speaking to Cherwell, he revealed that this pivot in itself was incredibly difficult, as it struggled to resonate with his study-oriented audience. But Ishaan believed first and foremost in pursuing his passions, whether that meant revision or entrepreneurship.

Being your own boss

For Erin, Ishaan, and other content creators, taking responsibility for their online presence made the foray into entrepreneurship natural. But there are other factors at play that make the world of startups, pitching, and incubators appealing.

The barrier to entry is lower than ever, with AI tools accelerating the process of building a business. From maximising the productivity of a small team to allowing for cost-free testing, what once may have required a dedicated marketing team or extensive market research can now be done in a matter of hours with Claude or ChatGPT, the latter of which is at many students’ fingertips. Similarly important is the widespread availability of open-source AI models like Llama, Qwen, and Mistral, which can be easily adapted and redistributed with little knowledge of the technical ins and outs – a practice known as ‘vibe coding’, and heavily criticised within the industry.

Much like the iconic, rose-tinted representation of Hollywood, San Francisco and its entrepreneurial culture are increasingly common symbols in popular imagination. TV shows such as Silicon Valley, Shark Tank, and even The Apprentice hold significant cultural weight as representatives of capitalist optimism – particularly for Big Tech – that has grown in recent decades in the UK. This has occurred to such an extent that the Oxford-Cambridge Growth Corridor has been dubbed ‘Europe’s Silicon Valley’ in government communications. Yet, the lifestyle and status of being a ‘founder’ is also increasingly glamourised. For instance, Steven Bartlett’s massively popular The Diary of a CEO podcast makes use of the jargon and self-help sheen of the Silicon Valley mindset, with The Times columnist James Marriott describing the show in 2023 as “encouraging, motivational, [and] vaguely businessy”. It raises the question of whether entrepreneurship is truly motivated by passion for a product or company, or is in large part a vanity project in tandem with content creation and personal branding. However, while there may be aesthetic motivations in getting stuck into ‘founder’ terminology and vying for a lucrative exit, much of the same could be said for traditional law or finance, in which industry rankings and generous perks are part and parcel of the profession.

But entrepreneurship is not accessible to everyone. Some of the most touching – and viral – stories are about entrepreneurs who come from nothing and have no connections, but this is very much the exception that proves the rule. Having access to wealth and connections through nepotism is often what allows individuals to take the risks necessary in business since they possess a safety net to fall back on. Even in the competitive race to attract investment, socioeconomic inequality runs rife: Y Combinator’s prestigious funding scheme includes a compulsory 3-month residential in San Francisco, in which accommodation and flights are not covered. These inequalities exist in almost every industry, but we should perhaps feel greater concern when these persist in a line of work so heavily entrenched in ‘meritocratic’ ideology.

The value of university

In many ways, student entrepreneurship also speaks to the real concerns young people have about higher education. Rising tuition fees, extortionate interest rates, and a precarious job market have markedly devalued a university degree, and the unattractive prospect of being saddled with lifelong debt makes for a poor return on investment. In January, Labour MP for York Outer, Luke Charters, described England and Wales’ student loans system to Parliament as a “mis-selling scandal waiting to unfold”. A scandal, it is. After years of paying their debts, graduates often find themselves left with higher remaining balances than when they took out these loans, a particularly concerning result when the terms of such loans were rarely advertised as being subject to change. Home ownership, children, and retirement are becoming unrealistic financial investments as a result.

More and more often, a university degree does not translate into a job at all, let alone a high-paying, high-status role. This month, a record 262,820 students were accepted onto an undergraduate course, with roughly 17,000 graduate jobs available. According to the What Do Graduates Do? 2025-26 survey, only 56.4% of first-degree graduates were in full-time employment 15 months after graduating. Of those working in either full-time or part-time employment, 10.2% worked as retail, catering, waiting, and bar staff, the second-most popular category. Statistic after statistic reveals a hostile environment for young people, but there are few alternatives, with places for degree apprenticeships being similarly competitive.

But university is not always doom and gloom. Particularly for those at Oxford and Cambridge, the institutional prestige and potential to form high-profile connections are unrivalled. In addition, Oxford and Cambridge both aim to promote entrepreneurship in their students. The OX1 Incubator, for example, has provided over £120,000 worth of equity-free funding to over 800 student founders. Cambridge’s entrepreneurial culture is perhaps even more impressive, with the city being a British biotech hub. Alongside the Cambridge University Entrepreneurs, a society which has awarded over £750,000 in funding, several colleges host their own incubator programmes, from the King’s Entrepreneurship Lab to the Trinity Hall Entrepreneurs’ Network. However, few universities can match the resources and funding of Oxbridge, and as the industrialised world’s most regionally unequal nation, the UK may be home to only a tiny minority of students who can take advantage of these programmes.

Anya Trofimova, a recent graduate from St John’s College and former Oxford BNOC, was offered a training contract in her final year. She turned it down to build her own AI startup, PRINCEPS, which aims to reshape how data centres are insured – PRINCEPS is backed by Y Combinator and recently won a £1.7 million prize at London Tech Week. While reminiscing positively on her Oxford experience, she felt that a life in corporate law was not for her. “It’s a huge privilege to have my first proper job be one in which I’m self-employed, and I certainly wouldn’t have had that opportunity had I not gone to Oxford. But in terms of making a meaningful impact, I couldn’t do that in law or policy without a good decade of experience.” Anya felt that the corporate environment was ultimately too far removed from the interesting, and often hugely consequential, cases which she got a taste of. Entrepreneurship, on the other hand, allows her to build her vision here and now. “The Oxford process facilitates this – you realise just how much you can achieve if you apply yourself.”

What’s the point?

Though it is one of the most popular industries for student startups, AI is a particularly contentious field to venture into – most AI is accessed in the cloud, hosted in large data centres which consume huge amounts of water and electricity. There are eight data centres in Oxfordshire alone, seven of which are situated in Didcot, while plans for a ninth near Bicester have recently been approved by Cherwell District Council. In a country significantly impacted by drought, and in which water bans are being introduced, reconsidering our distribution of these limited resources may be long overdue. Or, perhaps, as Erin tells Cherwell, it may be a mistake to ignore the inevitable: “There are good things happening with AI, especially in the medical field. After a rocky transition we’ll hopefully be left with these, but for now the environmental impact is disastrous.” For her, optimising data centres to be as environmentally efficient as possible is how we mitigate what is already well underway.

No one can know what the future has in store for these young entrepreneurs, but on paper, they have everything needed to succeed: a world-class education, substantial funding, and the audacity to aim high. An Oxbridge education, once a direct pipeline into law and finance, is changing, with students increasingly pursuing other ventures while still enrolled in undergraduate study. Perhaps our brightest minds could be put to better use, or perhaps they will continue to solve complex problems – even if they tend to be the problems of Big Tech’s wealthiest. In the meantime, these entrepreneurs will no doubt continue to build ferociously enviable CVs.

“What makes us human and why it matters”: In conversation with Frédérique Duyrat, Director of Collections at the Ashmolean Museum

Melissa Eddon
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“What makes us human and why it matters”: In conversation with Frédérique Duyrat, Director of Collections at the Ashmolean Museum

Two years into her role at the Ashmolean Museum, Dr Frédérique Duyrat looks right at home in her office, just down the corridor from the museum’s Japan from 1850 gallery. The first person to hold the title of Director of Collections at the museum, Duyrat is the curatorial and operational manager of the six departments of collections, which range from curatorial departments like Antiquites, to operational ones such as Conservation. Previously managed individually, Duyrat speaks proudly of her role in enabling these departments to “be heard like one voice”. “It’s not the most exciting thing” that she’s done here, but “still, I am very proud of what we are achieving”. 

Duyrat makes clear that her role represents something much bigger than herself. “It would be a shame to hide the Ashmolean behind a personal story. It’s not necessarily what students see first [when they come to Oxford]. They don’t really notice that the Ashmolean is their museum…Even our colleagues tend to consider it as a public museum, not realising that…it’s a university museum”. 

As part of this, the Ashmolean plays an active role in the educational function of the university, and one unique when compared with other museums. “What is achieved here, especially for hands-on teachers, with generations of students coming and working with the objects themselves. That direct contact…is not normal.” As Britain’s first public museum, the Ashmolean has an astounding number of primary sources. For Duyrat, the opportunity that the Ashmolean offers students to physically interact with historical objects “is not the same as studying from a screen”. 

Duyrat makes clear to me her deep desire for students to connect with the museum, both within their studies, and as part of their leisure time. In conversation, she tells me she’s heard a lot of people say that the Ashmolean has become a place “to refresh, to find peace, to find beauty. I’d like to say to any student who is not particularly involved in art history or archaeology, or even history in general, just come for a walk here. Have a stroll across the galleries, take a picture of things you like, put that online.” 

Duyrat is also Keeper of the Heberden Coin Room at the museum, one of the world’s leading coin collections. At the mention of coins, her face instantly lights up. Duyrat started her career as an ancient historian, and focused specifically on numismatics, the study of coinage, for her master’s thesis at Sorbonne University. 

I ask her what it is about coins that is so fascinating to her, she is quick to correct me: “It is not coins in general, it is Greek coins. They are beautiful”. She speaks with the joy that only an academic can have when speaking about something typically considered as mundane: “For me, it is so exciting to be able to embrace a civilization through one tiny object that you can handle.” 

Duyrat describes them as “holistic objects”, through which one can study “their materiality … the iconography of the society from which they came… It was quite addictive from the beginning”. Duyrat tells me that she began when she was my age, “and now I am 55 … I am never bored by them”. 

Having curated collections in her previous work at the Bibliotheque nationale de France, Duyrat understands the nuance needed when presenting artefacts to the public. “It is a difficult art…to transform academic knowledge, with its vocabulary, with its intricacies, into something that is not just education, but something that is exciting. We do that beautifully here.” For Duyrat, a good exhibition must start with a good idea and, she adds with a laugh, “a very nice layout. It requires a little bit of design, it’s a show”. 

Duyrat makes clear that quality and popularity do not always go hand in hand: “You can have a fantastic show that is completely overlooked by the public…it is much easier to catch the public when you say ‘Marie Antoinette’, than when you say ‘Colour Revolution’.” Duyrat refers here to an exhibition the Ashmolean held two years ago, about the change from natural pigment to industrial dyes in the 19th century, which received less footfall than the museum expected. It’s a difficult balance for museums to find: whilst there are many rich histories to explore, exhibits are often still “a commercial venture…if people don’t walk through the door, we are in trouble, financially”. 

One of the core debates around modern museums and collections is decolonisation. As global awareness of the atrocities of the colonial era have increased, so too has the demand for these complex histories to be addressed in museums. It has also brought with it questions of cultural ownership and repatriation: who is the “owner” of a historical artefact, and what right have other countries/communities to display it?  

“Decolonising is a tricky matter, because first it has created a sort of rift in society, between people who think it is super important and people who think we are unnecessarily ‘self-flagellating’.” In her mind, no single individual can be responsible for decolonising: “because we are born in a certain place, and we are educated in a certain way… we will all be biased because we are just one person”. 

It is not surprising that Duyrat argues against the attacks on museums as institutions: “Let’s try to imagine a world without museums…would that help?.” Still, she recognises the importance of changing the way we as societies collect and display artefacts, with the Ashmolean working often with local communities to repatriate items and ensure that all items have a complete object biography which guarantees both the legal and moral security of the item. 

A barrier to this, however, is that of funds. “If you want to change a map on the wall of the museum, that is £500. If you want to change the labels in a gallery, it will be several thousands of pounds.” She describes the process of change as “block by block”: “we don’t have unlimited money…you need to talk to people, you need to find the money.” 

This brings us onto a worrying trend: the defunding of the arts and humanities.

Duyrat argues that the arts and humanities play a vital role in modern society, one often overlooked by legislators and treasuries across the world: “You need the humanities to understand each other, to live as a community, to respect the differences in others. Where else can you meet other cultures, other civilisations like that: freely, in a completely open environment.” 

Museums are cornerstones of our society, helping us “to understand what makes us human, and why that matters.”  

At a time when Britain feels more polarised than ever, Duyrat’s creed offers a guiding hand to a kinder, more empathetic way of engaging with material culture, art, and the world more broadly. 

Finance workers strike at Oxford University Press

Stanley Arlidge
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Finance workers strike at Oxford University Press

Finance workers are on strike at Oxford University Press (OUP) over plans to offshore jobs to India, with trade union officials warning that “before long this great British institution will exist in the UK in name only”.

The strike, involving over 30 members of the trade union Unite, began this Tuesday and is due to continue until “at least” 11th September. A spokesperson for OUP told Cherwell they “have plans in place to minimise any potential disruption to colleagues, customers, and suppliers”.

This week’s strike comes after OUP, an official department of the University of Oxford, announced plans to offshore the finance operations department to the India-based company EXL Service. This recent move, which affects 48 jobs, is not the only recent job loss at the world’s largest university press. In June 2024 workers in the press’ American division went on strike over similar concerns about outsourcing of union jobs. Last November OUP began a “collective consultation” around organisational changes that would result in 113 UK employees being made redundant. The result of the consultation is still unclear. 

Naomi Gravett, a regional officer at Unite Southeast, told Cherwell: “Members took the difficult decision to strike to fight for their jobs. The affected group are dedicated professionals, who love what they do and are devastated that they are being cast aside in the pursuit of profit.” According to public filings, Oxford University Press made a profit of £47.1 million in 2025/26. 

A spokesperson for OUP told Cherwell: “Colleagues have been offered enhanced redundancy terms as well as opportunities for redeployment and support, including funding for professional development, and a number have secured alternative roles within the Press.”  

The spokesperson added: “Fewer than half of the colleagues impacted by the changes have voted in favour of industrial action and a majority have accepted the terms offered.” Alternatively, Unite claims that 78% of affected employees voted in favour of the strike. Cherwell has been unable to independently verify either claim. 

Gravett warned that the strike’s length could be extended beyond 11th September “if OUP don’t come back to the negotiating table”. A spokesperson for OUP told Cherwell: “We are committed to consulting with our colleagues to reach a resolution.” 

The hypocrisy of Oxford academics invoking ‘academic freedom’ for Nathan Cofnas

Saba Ahmadzadeh Noughani
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The hypocrisy of Oxford academics invoking ‘academic freedom’ for Nathan Cofnas

Nathan Cofnas, who was suspended from Ghent University following a “preliminary investigation” launched after Professor Jason Arday’s death, has now been permitted to resume his research. 

This follows close to a thousand academics signing an open letter in defence of Cofnas, arguing that he must not be “punished” and has a right to ‘academic freedom’. Among signatories were 18 Oxford University academics.

Such concerns of ‘academic freedom’ for a self-described “race-realist”, however, are meaningless considering that for the past three years, we have not heard the slightest about  ‘academic freedom’ when it comes to academics who have been fired, bullied, and suppressed for supporting the Palestinian struggle.

It was not long ago that Palestine encampments across universities in the UK, including those set up by Oxford students, were dismantled and 17 student protesters from Oxford Action for Palestine (OA4P) were arrested for a sit-in that took place at the University Offices in Wellington Square.

In June 2025, 13 of those arrested students underwent disciplinary proceedings. And while the University has not condemned the decades of Israeli occupation of Palestinian land, it was quick to call a sit-in protest a “temporary occupation”. And while the University has not condemned the daily violence imposed on Palestinians by the IDF, Israeli state, and settlers, it was also quick to call this sit-in a “violent action”. Protesters were accused of “overpowering the receptionist” despite CCTV footage contradicting that claim.

The suppression of those who support the Palestinian cause in academic spaces has become ever more pervasive. Indiana University suspended a professor for assisting a Palestinian rights student group; Muhlenberg College fired a Jewish Professor for pro-Palestine Instagram posts; and students like Usama Ghanem of King’s College were indefinitely suspended from their studies. The list can go on.

For those who say that academics should only advocate for these causes through their research: How are they to do this if universities receive complaints for simply using historical terms like ‘ancient Palestine’?

Neither can academics assign case studies for Art Therapy that mention the violence against Palestinians, as just two months ago, a professor from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago was suspended for it. Speaking about the suppression of academic freedom, she said: “We call it the P-word.”

In fact, Palestinian mental health is perhaps the most censored area of research. A recent case that comes to mind is Springer Nature, the world’s largest academic book publisher, retracting an entire peer-reviewed chapter on Palestinian collective trauma and mental health, following an anonymous complaint. 

In 2024, amid Oxford Action for Palestine’s (OA4P) protests, the Jewish Faculty signed an open letter critiquing the University’s lack of engagement with members of the Jewish community who supported the Palestine encampments and protests. Prominent Oxford academics signed the letter, which noted that Jewish academics  “reached out to you [the University] recently to propose a conversation” but were “ignored”.

It is the example of these Oxford academics that embodies the true essence of standing up for academic freedom, the right to call out academic institutions, and the right to protest in academic spaces.

It is therefore a shame to see that two years on, other Oxford academics who did not stand by their colleges in this matter in 2024 are now signing a different letter in defence of Nathan Cofnas. 

Cofnas was dismissed from Cambridge University following controversy over his racist statements, and his writings, according to Counsellor Pierre Thiriar of the Antwerp Court of Appeals, are punishable under Belgian criminal law. Last year, Cambridge dismissed 58 students’ formal complaints about Cofnas, and when Belgium’s Ghent University first employed Cofnas earlier this year, they received 300 complaints from their student body and staff.

They, of course, outnumber the 18 Oxford academics who have recently signed a letter in defence of Nathan Cofnas. These are Michael Biggs, Michael Sharpe, Jane Lightfoot, Paul Elbourne, Jacek Karwowski, Jonathan A Jones, Edward Howell, Shivaji Sondhi, Ruth Dixon, Nigel Biggar, David Deutsch, Amir Goharshady, David Owens, Ace North, Thomas Noe, C Hennessy, Graeme Creffield, and Richard Dawkins. 

The letter says: “We are also concerned that the University appears to be treating threats to academic freedom… as grounds for disciplining the very individual targeted by those threats.”

I’d like to ask each of these academics whether ‘academic freedom’ is only reserved for those who believe in eugenics? Or who believe Black people to be biologically and intellectually inferior to white people? Is ‘academic freedom’ only reserved for discussing race on podcasts with other former Cambridge academics like David Starkey, who said that “so many damn blacks survived” during slavery?

For the past three years, academics have repeatedly witnessed their fellow academics dismissed from their jobs, and their peer-reviewed writings on mental health retracted from psychiatry journals. I have been left stunned as to why the majority of academics did not unite to defend the academic freedom of academics who oppose the killing of Palestinians. 

The majority of Oxford academics did not seem to care in the slightest about ‘academic freedom’ then. In comparison, only a dozen Oxford academics had signed the Jewish Faculty’s letter in support of student protesters. 

Now, it cannot be clearer: ‘Academic freedom’ is only ever collectively invoked for those like Cofnas. Or for those like Oxford academic Nigel Biggar, so he can defend certain aspects of colonialism, and more recently defend the use of racial slurs against Black people.

‘Academic freedom’ is never cared for, considered, or invoked when truly required; not even when merely acknowledging Palestinian trauma, let alone critiquing Israel, has put academics’ careers at risk.

Academics and students are navigating a minefield, having to weigh every word and action to simply condemn one of the most pressing humanitarian catastrophes that continues to this day. 

If any one of these Oxford academics cared about ‘academic freedom’, surely they would not be selective nor reserve this only for Cofnas? Surely they would have instead started where and when it mattered the most?

Oxford academics sign open letter opposing Nathan Cofnas’ suspension

Stanley Arlidge and Mair Andrews
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Oxford academics sign open letter opposing Nathan Cofnas’ suspension

Over 17 academics affiliated with the University of Oxford have signed an open letter opposing the suspension of Nathan Cofnas for “whistleblowing”. 

Cofnas, a postdoctoral researcher at Ghent University, Belgium, and self-described “race realist”, was responsible for publicising allegations that the late Cambridge professor Jason Arday had plagiarised his doctoral thesis. The accusations began weeks of intense media scrutiny into Arday, resulting in the professor’s resignation. Cofnas’ suspension was announced days after Arday was found dead in his London home on 14th August. 

An open letter opposing Cofnas’ suspension has since been signed by 17 Oxford academics. Among others, the Oxford signatories include Regius Professor Emeritus and Member of the House of Lords Nigel Biggar, Professor Emeritus Michael Sharpe, and renowned evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins. 

The letter, addressed to the rector of Ghent University, urges the university to “protect Dr Cofnas from being punished for exercising his academic freedom”. It claims that the university’s disciplinary proceedings against Cofnas “appear to constitute retaliation, at least in part, for publicising academic misconduct that occurred in British universities”. 

During the suspension, Ghent University officials will conduct a “preliminary investigation” into his behaviour. The investigation includes whether his work on “race realism” and the “hereditarian revolution” is “fundamentally inconsistent with the contractual scope of [his] employment”. It also aims to determine whether he discriminated against Arday and created a hostile environment for students and staff. 

Professor Shivaji Sondhi, Oxford’s Wykeham Professor of Physics, told Cherwell that he signed the letter in response to a “detailed analysis” conducted by the Committee of Academic Freedom (CAF). CAF’s analysis claims that “a substantial part of the reasoning supporting Cofnas’s suspension rests not on his own conduct, but on the reaction of third parties to his appointment and public activity”. The CAF’s letter acknowledges that academic freedom does not remove him from legitimate disciplinary scrutiny. 

Cofnas’ views have previously caused controversy for students. In 2024, Cofnas was fired from Emmanuel College, Cambridge, after student reaction to a blog post. The post included the claim that, in a meritocracy, “Blacks would disappear from almost all high-profile positions outside of sports and entertainment”. He also faced student backlash upon his arrival at Ghent University this year, with 2,000 students signing a petition opposing his appointment.

Since the “preliminary investigation” after Arday’s death, Ghent University has issued Cofnas a three month teaching ban but permitted him to continue his research position remotely.

Over 500 sign open letter urging Oxford to resist “transphobic” EHRC code

Stanley Arlidge and Mair Andrews
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Over 500 sign open letter urging Oxford to resist “transphobic” EHRC code

Oxford University LGBTQ+ Society (OULGBTQ) has urged the University of Oxford’s Vice Chancellor and the wider Oxford community “not to passively accept transphobia,” in an open letter signed by over 500 students and staff.

The letter comes after the University updated its “Toilets and changing facilities” information to include guidance that “where toilets and changing facilities and single-sex these must be provided on the basis of ‘biological sex’”. These changes, which came into force on the 5th August, are a response to the updated Equality and Human Right Commission’s (EHRC) Code of Practice. The code followed last year’s Supreme Court ruling that the terms “sex”, “woman”, and “man” in the Equality Act 2010 refer to “biological sex”, meaning “sex registered at birth”. 

The open letter asks the University to resist the “immense pressure to adopt the EHRC’s transphobic interpretation of the law”. It describes the EHRC’s code of practice as “unfit for purpose” and claims that it is an “affront to the safety and dignity of trans+ people, both in their exclusionary policies and their notoriously unclear enforceability”. The President of OULGBTQ told Cherwell: “This letter is only the beginning of a broader campaign against the EHRC Code and its implementation in Oxford.”

The letter claims that the University has sufficient “power, prestige and money” to resist national pressures to adopt the EHRC code. The President of OULGBTQ told Cherwell: “The open letter lists some actions the University could take without breaking compliance, but Oxford University also sits on billions of pounds in endowment. Fully rejecting the Code as an institution would incur both cost and risk, and we are aware that this is a highly ambitious goal, but they do have the level of power to resist it.” Actions proposed include publicly challenging the EHRC’s interpretation of the law, reaffirming support for the University’s trans+ community, and a commitment to not policing people’s use of toilets and changing rooms. 

Additionally, the letter calls on the Oxford University community to make the code of practice “unenforceable” including by “refusing to take part in policing other people’s gender/sex”. While the vast majority of the signatories are students, the letter has also been signed by University administrators and officials including the chair of the University’s LGBT+ staff network Jonny Tridgell. 

In a statement to Cherwell, a University spokesperson said: “The University has updated its guidance on toilets and changing facilities in line with its legal requirements. Oxford is committed to ensuring that there is suitable provision of facilities for all staff, students and visitors.” This follows from their initial statement, in May, when the University initially reviewed policies following EHRC transgender guidance, where a spokesperson told Cherwell that “Oxford remains committed to being an inclusive university where everyone belongs and is supported to succeed. We will continue to work and to maintain an environment in which the rights, dignity, and wellbeing of all members of our community are respected, including all members of our LGBTQ+ community.” No colleges have yet issued independent statements. 

The President of OULGBTQ told Cherwell: “The positive response to the letter demonstrates that the student and staff body are committed to resisting the implementation of this code in their everyday lives.”

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