Saturday 28th June 2025
Blog Page 2204

Backing substance over style

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This week saw the culmination of Allen Stanford’s super-series. The billionaire has been pumping money into the dying beast of Caribbean cricket for years, and he stepped up this year by offering $20 million in a winner-takes-all, three hour extravaganza between the English team and the Stanford Superstars, a team of West Indians whose reputations by and large ill-fitted their billing.

I was not the only one who thought this affair a little tawdry. The England team were uneasy about the whole thing, as were the hitherto blindly loyal Barmy Army, who declined to support their team en masse. Stanford’s aim was to get American audiences into cricket, (the game was broadcast live on ESPN), a demographic of sports fans generally used to baseball as the longest possible sport, weighing in at around four hours per game.

A Test confrontation lasts as long as the players are mentally strong enough to make it last, and an individual battle lasts as long as those involved can stay out there.

There will be no having a breather when the ball is up the other end. There are few honourable draws as the final whistle blows; one of you needs to submit. Limited-overs cricket cannot match this. It is no epic victory for a bowler when he dismisses someone who just walked across his stumps and swung and missed in an effort for quick runs. In Tests, your only imperative is to survive as long as possible. And a battle for survival for survival’s sake is far more compelling than for the crude sake of a few runs. Tests are the purest test of your cricketing skill. That’s probably how they came to be so called. The contest ends when you are not good enough to continue.

I watch a hell of a lot of sport, to the chagrin of my family, and my tutors, and I can think of few sports that afford such an intense raw conflict as a Test Match. Tennis matches, come close, and like anyone who saw it, I was gripped by Federer-Nadal at Wimbledon this year, but cricket’s real hook is the asymmetry between the competitors. Federer-Nadal was great, but they were for long stretches merely negating each other by both, to be crude, hitting a ball hard at each other. Batsmen, are, obviously, not bowlers, and the skill-sets demanded of each are totally different. The mutual incomprehension between great bowlers and batters is what makes the contests great.

Contrast cricket’s great confrontations. We all have our favourites. My personal one is Atherton-Donald in the Nottingham Test in 1998. Both had a match to win. The only way Donald knew how was to run in and bowl extremely quickly, and he must have wondered how Atherton could stand up to him, and why he would even want to. Both subsequently admitted in their autobiographies thereafter that for that hour on the fourth day, neither of them were truly thinking about the match, but about beating each other. There was time for winning matches tomorrow, but just then, it was just them. Nobody who has seen it ever forgets it, and nobody who only ever watches limited overs cricket will ever see anything like it. And that would be a tragedy.

Cricket is far from physical. Having played a lot of cricket, I’ve found it is actually pretty difficult to get genuinely tired whilst playing, even if the next day your body screams at you. It is small bursts of energy, expended frequently. In that way, it is less demanding than, say football. You can’t make Torres play five days in a row, because he’ll die. Anything good he is going to do, he’ll do it in the ninety minutes, and the nature of football is such that even in his best game, there will still be less time spent watching him than watching other people. Footballers’ great deeds are a flash of lightning in a 90 minute stargaze.

Cricket manifests brilliance in a different way. At its best, it gives an opportunity to watch sustained brilliance for hours on end. It isn’t that Shane Warne bowled the odd stunning ball which made everyone gasp. We gasped again and again. The point is even more acute for batsmen. It is a skill that shouldn’t be forced or rushed. Asked what the greatest innings they have seen are, I know of few cricket fans who talk of Jayasuriya running wild in one-day games, even if he was a sight to behold at his best. Far more often, Lara’s 153 at Bridgetown comes up, an innings set against the backdrop of three days of intense cricket, not just three hours. I don’t really remember great one-day innings I have seen, especially from 20/20 games. More than anything else, swinging with your head in the air and connecting is partly dumb luck, even if, as Gary Player says, the more you practice, the luckier you get.

Limited-overs cricket has its place. It does bring in much needed revenue, and generate new interest in the game. But it should still only be a support act for the Platonic form of cricket, Test matches. An American associate of mine who only last year started liking cricket, at my bidding, got into Test matches first. When he watched his first 20/20, he said to me “it’s a little bit pornographic, don’t you agree?” Porn has its place, and Plato’s Republic has its place. That one is more immediately gratifying than the other is no reason to abandon it.

CHERWELL’S TOP 5 TEST MOMENTS:

1. England vs Australia 2005: one of the greatest Test series in the last 50 years. Workplace productivity plummets as Cricinfo traffic soars. A silly-haired South African becomes a Great British hero

2. Donald vs Atherton 1998: Chasing 147, Atherton gloves a bouncer from Donald but is given not out. Donald goes berserk and fires down the most hostile hour of bowling ever seen. Atherton gets bruised, battered, shouted at, but doesn’t blink.

3. Brian Lara vs Australia 1999: His unbetaen 153 at Bridgetown reminded everyone why the term ‘god-like’ had ever been applied to Lara. Scoring just under half the team’s runs, he led the Windies to their 4th innings target of 311, with just one wicket to spare.

4. India vs Australia 2001: A spellbinding 2nd Test saw India win after following-on and posting an epic 657 in the second innings, with Laxman’s finest ever innings producing 281 of the most elegant runs Kolkata is ever likely to see. An exhausted Australia then succumbed to Harbhajan, sending 1 billion Indians into raptures.

5. Anil Kumble vs Pakistan 1999: Kumble, looking to go home early, bowls 26 overs of vicious legspin, taking all ten wickets, and putting himself up with Jim Laker as only the second man to so utterly dominate a Test match batting line-up.

 

 

In defence of Blues

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I feel compelled to write a rebuttal in response to Matt Evans-Young’s opinion piece “True Blues or Mercenaries”.

He goes particularly hard after one demographic – the international MSc Management Research students trialling for the Blues Boat. I fit that description very well, actually perfectly. I also feel it is my responsibility to set the record straight on some insinuations made in his article.

I couldn’t disagree more that I am “tarnishing” Oxford’s reputation. My decision to attend Oxford was mostly based on the reputation of the University and my interest in the course, along with the opportunity to compete at a high level in rowing while studying.

My reason for acceptance probably had something to do with my 1st class degree from Brown, my 1st class degree from Noble and Greenough School, my scoring well above the course requirements on the GRE entry exam, sterling recommendations from past professors, and yes even my personal statement (which was excellent and something I am happy to share with Mr. Evans-Young). In short I am more than academically qualified to be at Oxford.

In response to rowing providing me a “free meal ticket” this year that charge is absolutely laughable. As a non-EU student I am paying over $51,000 to attend Oxford this year, helping to subsidize the artificially low tuitions paid by E.U. residents. If you want to talk about something that is fundamentally unfair about this school, how about discriminatory fees based on your country of origin. Perhaps Mr. Evans-Young and I have a different interpretation of “free”.

As for the charge of somehow not representing the school, I would invite you to come by Christ Church and introduce yourself to some of the other graduates who will tell you that I am indeed involved in the community and a respected member. I will cede this point though, rowing takes about 40 hours a week on top of my studies so I don’t have as many late nights as the average student.

I suppose the difference in our views on athletics is that I see the added challenge, discipline, and goal setting required to maintain this balance as and element that enhances my experience. Prior to arriving at Oxford I competed for the United States on several national teams, an achievement that took a lot of effort, and my international accomplishments compare with the current and past Olympic medallists from the OUBC. People who have shown this amount of drive and dedication to such an arduous venture have a lot to offer to Oxford, both academically and on a world stage- and the Boat Race is just that.

 

Uniting the Nations

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For many students, a gap year presents the opportunity to discover what the world has to offer. In the case of Sam Daws, now Executive Director of the United Nations Association of the UK, his gap year – spent working at a hospice in Calcutta and with an environmental project in Ladakh, in Northern India – marked the start of his career by sparking his interest in international affairs. It is a career that has sent him around the world: to the 38th floor of the UN (the domain of the UN Secretary-General and “one of the floors,” Daws notes, “former US ambassador John Bolton thought the world could do without”), and to countries such as China, Japan, Switzerland and Sweden, in which he travelled as note-taker to former Secretary-General Kofi Annan.

Daws is full of praise for his former boss, calling Annan “an individual of integrity and intelligence, and of humility and extraordinary serenity”. He recalls how Annan would greet cleaners in the hall in the same way he greeted Presidents and Prime Ministers.

So what was it that attracted Daws to working in international relations? “As a student of social anthropology, I was fascinated by the question ‘What does it mean to be human?’. This evolved into a wider interest in how human beings interact and shape the world around them. It then seemed a natural jump to be interested in how countries cooperate.”

Daws knows what it’s like to be in the thick of action. He was in New York on 9/11 and saw the first World Trade Center tower in flames while on his way to work at the UN.

In August 2003, he lost a close friend and several former colleagues in the bombing of the UN compound in Iraq. Daws says the attacks angered him, but also recognised the need to channel that anger into a renewed commitment to making the UN work and addressing the root causes of such atrocities.

As stressful as his work is, Daws also derives great enjoyment from it, saying, “I have always proceeded on the basis of doing what I most loved doing at a particular point in my life, and where possible to maintain work-life balance.”

In The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, co-authored with Professor Thomas Weiss, Daws describes the UN story as being “one of continuity and change”. Since the UN’s inception in 1945 its membership has burgeoned, swelling from 51 to 192, largely as a result of the process of decolonisation and national independence that the UN itself helped to steward. A perennial challenge for the UN, according to Daws, is therefore to adapt to the changing landscape of international politics and to manage the diverse expectations of its member states. Yet in Daws’ view the UN Charter and its framework of international law remain highly relevant, in a large part due to the “realpolitik marriage of power and representation in the UN Security Council.”

Daws believes that the current Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, “has shown impressive tenacity” and gives him special credit for his robustness and persistence in tackling the problems in Darfur. The challenges currently facing Ban and the UN are formidable. The organisation needs to find and implement solutions for those immediate threats – like hunger and civil war – which make life for many “a living hell”, but it must also confronting longer-term, existential threats like climate change.

Furthermore, all of this is now occurring against the backdrop of the global credit crunch. Daws fears that governments will use the current financial turmoil as an excuse to renege on their pledges to alleviate poverty and protect the environment.

When asked to comment on the common charge that the UN is paralysed by excessive bureaucracy, Daws is dismissive, “The UN employs fewer people worldwide than Disneyland and Disney World. It does a great deal with limited resources which are dwarfed by the magnitude of the problems the UN is asked to fix.”

Daws believes there will always be a need for the UN to address what Annan described as “problems without passports” – issues like avian flu and climate change-induced migration, that have no respect for national borders.

The UN’s success depends on many factors. One, according to Daws, is strong citizen engagement in the UN and in the wide range of issues it deals with. He therefore encourages those interested in international affairs to join their university’s UNA-UK group and to participate in Model United Nations conferences. Another driver of the UN’s effectiveness is the quality and dynamism of its staff.

Daws recommends that students setting their sights on a career with the UN undertake internships in relevant NGOs or with the UN itself.

Given the intensity of competition, breaking into the UN is not easy, but Daws has some reassuring advice for would-be UN employees: all you ultimately need is competence and persistence – two strengths Daws has clearly honed in his 20 years serving the UN.

 

Five Minute Tute: President Obama

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HOW SIGNIFICANT A MOMENT IS THIS IN HISTORY?

It is easy, based on media coverage, to treat the moment as defining and historic in ways that it is not. Presidents have limited domestic policy-making authority, unlike Prime Ministers, who determine policy in more areas and at lower levels. Education, law enforcement and important social issues will continue to be decided at the state and local level based on those voters’ preferences. Only eleven governors, for example, were up for election, and only one state (Missouri) changed its chief executive’s party. On issues affecting the United Kingdom and the world, however, the importance is greater. The President largely controls foreign and defence policy, and his majority in both houses of Congress will give him legitimacy as well as power in those areas.

WHAT DOES THE SCALE OF HIS VICTORY SHOW?

Voters undoubtedly wanted change, and they adopted a black chief executive to effect it: the first in a Western democracy. But a mandate can also be exaggerated. For example, the Supreme Court can block progressive policies, no matter what the president’s mandate. However, this is the very area in which the President-elect’s influence may last longest. Five of the nine Supreme Court Justices are at least 70 years old. Two of them were appointed by Bill Clinton, but three are Republican picks. If Obama follows George Bush’s lead and appoints young justices, the complexion of constitutional law in the United States could be affected for a long time. The lifetime appointment of lower-level federal judges, responsible for much civil rights law, is even more important.

WHO WILL BE IN THE CABINET?

Questions like this are best left to the betting shops. If I were betting, though, I would think in terms of experienced people, and possibly one, or even two, Republicans if he can recruit them. People in the Executive Office of the President are more likely to come from the campaign and from his past, but even there the smart money is on experience not cronyism.

WHAT HAPPENED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS?

The Democrats did well, but Congress is another constraint on presidential power, even with majorities in both houses. As I write, the Senate majority seems to have increased by 5 (from 51 to 56 out of 100); and the House majority by 18 or more (from 233 to at least 252 out of 435). Sixty Senators must vote to end a filibuster: extended debate which can defeat legislation (like talking a bill out in Parliament, if it were in the control of the opposition). The tool must not be overused, as it can be changed by the Senate itself, but Senators have been reluctant to do that. The last time the Senate had a filibuster-proof majority was in 1975-79, following the Watergate scandal and Richard Nixon’s impeachment, and before that it was in 1959-69 when the Democrats were divided over civil rights, so that a party faction blocked legislation. With a weak party system, as in the USA, party factions are as important as the sizes of majorities.

WHAT WILL OBAMA’S PRIORITIES BE?

The two most pressing problems, of course, are the United States economy, and the expensive military actions in Iraq and Afghanistan. Environmental issues may be prominent, as may civil rights policy, although it is difficult to tell. Danger points include the potential for movement toward protectionism, which might appeal to the electorate but could have long-term detrimental affects for the U.S. and the world. Obama is one of only five trial lawyers, and the only Democratic one, to be elected to the presidency in the twentieth century. (Bill Clinton, for example, taught law but never practiced.) That background suggests that he will choose legislation based on what is achievable strategically within the applicable constraints (his own electoral base, the judiciary and pivotal votes in Congress). If trial lawyers are anything, they are cautious and do their best to avoid large-scale disasters (the exception being Richard Nixon).

WHAT NOW FOR THE REPUBLICAN PARTY?

The Republicans will undoubtedly retrench. However, the biggest problem that the party had was the unacceptably low approval ratings of the current president, along with some events that no one predicted. Hurricane Katrina and the credit crunch cannot really be attributed to the Republican administration, as the adverse consequences of both are a product of long-term, rather than short-term, government policy. The Iraq war, on the other hand, was a decision that was ill-conceived and poorly executed by the Republicans themselves. It is always possible that the party whose leader makes a decision like that will overreact when it goes wrong and retreat into isolationism. Again, however, unlike the U.K., which has a strong party system, parties in the United States are weak but resilient. Republican congressional representatives, for example, will go back to promoting their constituents’ local interests, which is what they do best and what they must do to remain in office.

 

Why we need Gender Equality Week

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The words ‘better late than never’ came to mind as last Sunday saw the launch of Oxford’s first ever Gender Equality Week. Considering it is nearly 50 years since the original women’s colleges were granted full collegiate status, it might not seem unrealistic to hope gender inequality in Oxford was a thing of the past. Unfortunately a brief look through the issues raised by the schedule of events tells otherwise.

Workshops encouraging women to get involved in all forms of student politics highlight a significant problem in Oxford. Though full of capable, intelligent women, there is a massive deficit of representation at the core of most prominent organisations. The Union, OUSU and many of the political societies seem to have performed a feat of time travel and returned to an era where women take on gender-specific roles and not much else.
The Positive Discrimination debate on Wednesday was a reminder that this matter goes further than the University. In parliament, only 20% of MPs are women. Considering the fact that women have now tipped the balance to make up 51% of the UK population, this can hardly be called representative. Yet there seemed a noticeable reserve in the chamber and a lack of willingness to face the matter head on. The same slogans and jargons were bandied around as have been heard so many times. But for all the talk, where is the action?

To really change these inherent imbalances requires more than altered rules and constitutions. It will need a shift of attitudes. The knowledge of the opportunity will not be enough to cause more women to run for an election; of any sort. Whilst women have all but gained equality on paper, they do not experience it. The saying goes that ‘it’s a man’s world’ and in many cases this is still true. Women are caught in the middle. If they act as a man would, they will be treated as overly hostile and aggressive. If they act in a feminine way, they may be brushed aside or even condemned for ‘exploiting their femininity’. A woman in politics must forsake any identity beyond that of the politician itself. Personal lives always face scrutiny, but the criticism meted to women is often far more judgemental, or even spiteful, than that faced by men.

Consider for a moment the US elections – whose family did you know the most about? Quite possibly Palin’s, teen pregnancies and all – but would the same deluge of criticism have befallen a male candidate? Equally, though denigration of her $150,000 expenses bill may not have been unwarranted, this type of expenditure wasn’t entirely inexplicable. Though comments on the dowdiness, datedness or daring of women politicians clothing are common enough, it is doubtful whether anyone even noticed Obama’s most recent choice of suit. At the other extreme, after the French election Nicolas Sarkozy issued briefcases to all his MPs containing complementary grey tie regardless of gender. Perhaps this is symbolic of the identity confusion women still face in the political arena.

Gender Equality Week was a fantastic opportunity to discuss these problems and encourage them to be addressed head-on. Unfortunately though, whilst women can be enabled to act, the responses to those actions are somewhat beyond their control. Gender identity should not need to be sacrificed in order to succeed. Equality does not and should not imply uniformity – as many think it does. Women and men are not the same, so they should not be expected to act the same.

Until the political process and all the speculation and criticism attached to it concede to this, the true aims of the Week will not have been achieved.

 

Snow Patrol: A Hundred Million Suns

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Quite possibly, pretty much all of Music’s greatest disasters are due to bands who think they are producing ‘art’. There is nothing wrong with carefully crafted, purposeful music, but 4 and half million albums (see Eyes Open) can give a man a lot of misplaced confidence. A Hundred Million Suns isn’t a completely awful album, but it sure isn’t galactic, as the overly-ambitious title suggests. All that remains is the feeling of being a little cheated.

At times in A Hundred… Snow Patrol seems a bit afraid to be Snow Patrol. Back in the day, you listened to them for their gloriously rousing pop-rock choruses, but they seem rather absent here. Lightbody’s vocals are still starry-eyed and whispery in the album’s softer points, but a large proportion of the time the ‘Patrol are content being neither tender nor epic.

There are nods towards some greater experimental goal, a bit of a drone here, a few processed beats there, but these are pretty much absent from the main body of the music. This is no Kid A, and once they’re gone, you’re just left with more four-square Coldplay-by-numbers.

Every so often, Snow Patrol do manage to breath out and embrace the loveliness of their older songs, with heart-warming results, such as on ‘Crack the Shutters’ but these are rare moments whilst the rest seems to be happy going nowhere special. Similarly, the clichéd and unimaginative lyrics do little to raise the game of the album, helping to drag it further towards the middle of the road.

Whilst it has its moments, A Hundred Million Suns feels a little like a mid-life crisis in an album. The Alternative became the mainstream, and now it doesn’t quite know what to do with itself.

In conclusion: Occasionally sparkly, however inconsistent and unfortunately rather forgettable.

2 stars

 

Oxford don embroiled in Obama smear

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An Oxford University don was the subject of a last-ditch attempt by the Republican Party to prevent Barack Obama’s election as US President this week.

The Democratic Party nominee secured a landslide victory in Presidential polls on Tuesday, seeing him elected to the White House as America’s first African-American President.

However, just nine days before voters cast their ballots, leading Republicans made a last-minute effort to derail the Illinois senator’s campaign by trying to prove that his autobiography had in fact been ghostwritten by a former terrorist.

The academic recruited for the task was Dr Peter Millican, a philosophy professor at Hertford College who has developed a computer program that can detect when works are by the same author by comparing favourite words and phrases.

Terrorist memoirs?

Dr Millican was contacted by Robert Fox, a Californian businessman and brother-in-law of Chris Cannon – a Republican congressman from Utah. He was offered $10,000 dollars to analyse alleged similarities between Obama’s bestselling memoir “Dreams from My Father” and “Fugitive Days,” a work by William Ayers.

Mr Ayers, now a university professor in Chicago, co-founded the radical group Weather Underground which carried out bombing campaign against public buildings during the 1960’s and 70’s.

He became the source of much attention during the US presidential race after it emerged that he and Senator Obama had once served together on a charity board, sparking Republican attack adverts accusing the Democratic nominee of “palling around” with a terrorist.

Dr Millican confirmed on his website that he had received a call from Mr Fox on October 26th detailing the offer.

“extremely unlikely”

“He was entirely upfront about this. He offered me $10,000 and sent me electronic versions of the text from both books,” he said.

“I thought it was extremely unlikely that we would get a positive result.”He added that further analysis of the two works had confirmed to him that the allegations were completely untrue, highlighting that it would have been “very surprising” for Ayers to write Obama’s life story before he had even penned his own.

“I would be astonished if anything came to light to reverse this verdict. The next leader of the free world did not get his impressive first book written by Bill Ayers.”

When asked to comment, Congressman Cannon said that he merely recommended the computer testing of the books, although he did doubt whether Obama had written his autobiography.

“If Ayers was the author, that would be interesting,” he said.

 

Feisty Hall halt Pembroke

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This is a game that Pembroke should have won and they were visibly the better side for much of the match. However, Teddy Hall proved that they should never be written off and produced an outstanding second half performance to set up a thrilling climax to the event. This was college rugby at its finest, though slightly marred by the high penalty count, as both teams demonstrated the passion and skill that separates the first division form the lower leagues.

From the kickoff an early handling error from Hall set up a scrum centre field, but the Hall pack established their scrummaging credentials by winning possession against the head and were rewarded by the fist penalty of the afternoon, which fullback Will Stephens kicked to give Hall an early lead.

Pembroke were undaunted however and both sides threw themselves into the match scrapping for every ball. The breakdown proved problematic, particularly for Hall who were repeatedly penalised for not staying on their feet, clearly struggling to come to terms with the new regulations. Both sides played the territory game, frequently kicking to the corners but strong lineout performances from both packs limited the amount of quick ball available for the backs. Pembroke began to string the phases together, their backline firing far more effectively than Hall’s with inside centre Joe Thornton making some powerful runs. The scrum proved its worth in this game, both in attack and defence, the quality of scrummaging reflecting the abilities of both packs.

Pembroke were clearly in control as the half progressed and camped in the Hall half only heroic defence prevented them from scoring several times. What’s more, Pembroke seemed to be getting under their opposition’s skin as tempers flared and Hall gave away another penalty for going over the top in the ruck just inside their own half, and surprisingly outside centre Tim Horrocks opted to go for the posts producing a sublime kick to finally give Pembroke their first score. Hall compounded their problems when a player was sin-binned for yet another ruck infringement, Horrocks stepping up for another long range attempt which fell agonisingly short.

Hall had a chance to clear their lines from the 22 drop-out but a player was outside the 22 when the ball was kicked which saw them defending a scrum back from where the ball was kicked. This silly error cost them dear as with a man down the pressure from Pembroke finally told, Thorton linking well with fullback Etiene Ekpo-Utip who danced through the Hall defence to score the first try of the match. As the half time whistle blew all the momentum was with Pembroke as the fight seemed to be fading in Hall.

However, someone found the right words at half time and Teddy Hall made it clear they were not beaten from the restart, immediately forcing a Pembroke error to set up a scrum in the opposition’s half and only poor hands in the backline prevented them scoring. Hall had calmed down over half time, and were conceding fewer penalties, but another infringement at the breakdown saw Horrocks put Pembroke further ahead. Both sides were firing on all cylinders now, the Teddy Hall backline finally functioning fully, but neither side seemed to able to convert pressure into points as the tackles came in hard and fast.

Hall seemed to be gaining the upper hand in the war of attrition and won successive scrums against the head to put themselves in great field position on the five metre and allow number eight Charlie Southern to go over for the try. Sparked by this score both sides upped their game producing the best rugby of the match thus far, Pembroke’s dominance long past as both sides matched each other man for man. Hall, playing to their strength, adopted a narrow game plan, keeping it in the forwards and once again pushing into towards the line and the pressure on Pembroke only increased when they had a player sin-binned for dragging the scrum half into a ruck.

A man down in the final stages of the game Pembroke produced some monumental try line defence to keep Hall from crossing , time after time driving them back, both sides providing a fitting finale. Finally Pembroke won a turnover and only had to put the ball out of play to secure victory. Yet the unthinkable happened as a cruel gust of wind caused the ball to drift infield.

Slick Hall hands moved the ball across the backline to replacement wing John Waldron who eluded the stretched and tired Pembroke defence to score in the corner. To add insult to injury Stephens kicked the tricky conversion and the final whistle blew bringing an end to a great contest. Pembroke can take a lot from their performance but Hall’s tenacity separated the teams in the end.

AMERICAN ELECTION LIVE BLOG

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