Wednesday 9th July 2025
Blog Page 1016

Rewind: Bhutan’s tobacco ban

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This week in 2010, Bhutan became the first country in recent history to totally ban tobacco. Bhutan doesn’t shape its economy to try to produce the largest gross national product: it aims instead at Gross National Happiness. It’s one of the few countries that colonialists never invaded, and has quite consciously rejected Western values in favour of its traditional Buddhist ones: psychological, sociological, philosophical and even economic.

In short, if you’re going to be setting things on fire in Bhutan, you’re more likely to be lighting a stick of incense and chanting refuge in the Buddha than spluttering through a Marlboro Red while downing cheap Indian beer on your definitely-not-neo-colonialist Grand Tour to Goa and Thailand. Buddhists of all denominations chant the advice every morning to ‘avoid taking anything that causes intoxication or heedlessness’. This is less from a position of dogmatic rule-keeping and more from the angle of trying to help you keep your mind clear: the logic is that taking intoxicants as part of your pursuit of happiness and fun just won’t lead to as happy a life as you could have, and that a calm, aware mind is more likely to help you make others’ lives happier too.

The distinction we make between stimulant and intoxicant isn’t quite drawn in the same way. More importantly, tobacco is associated with the general, you know, moral degeneracy and capitalist total lack of concern for others that constitute a certain stereotype of the West. Many Buddhist countries are extremely keen on that dangerous stimulant tea, for example, whether it’s drunk Western style but with powdered milk as in Sri Lanka, fermented and eaten as leaves in Burma or stirred up with Shinto ceremony in Japan.

Tobacco is obviously horrendous for your health. In the UK, the tobacco industry in fact gains more revenue for the state than it takes it away in healthcare costs: there is no real financial motive to reduce its massive, though undeniably harmful, popularity. Compassion-based politics, like the Bhutanese option, offers a very attractive alternative. One factor of Gross National Happiness is sustainable development. You don’t even have to be anti-growth, like the Green Party, to base your whole socioeconomic mindset on something far more human and intuitive than ‘Let’s just make as much money as we can’.

Solidarity for victims of sexual assault at the Radcam

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The gates of the Radcliffe Camera have been covered with notes expressing solidarity for victims of sexual assault.

“To girls everywhere I am with you” is written across one large banner. On smaller notes others have written “It is not your fault”, “You are not alone” and “It happens here too – a survivor”.

These shows of solidarity come amid international outrage following the sentencing of Brock Turner. Turner, a former Stanford freshman, was caught assaulting an unconscious woman behind a frat house in 2015. He was recently sentenced to six months in jail after being convicted of sexual assault, which carries a penalty of up to 14 years.

During the trial, Turner blamed Stanford’s “party culture”. His father pleaded that his son should not go to jail for “twenty minutes of action”.

A petition to remove Judge Aaron Persky from the judicial bench for his leniency has received close to 1.2 million signatures.

Government to test student learning

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As part of the government’s ongoing efforts to improve teaching standards at universities, a new set of tests, one taken before beginning a degree and another taken after graduation, is being introduced. They will aim to examine critical thinking and problem solving skills in an attempt to establish how much students have improved during their degree and whether the respective university is providing value-for-money.

Starting this autumn, up to 50,000 students will pilot the initial test. Such a system is just a part of the wider programme by the government to ensure students are getting good value in their degrees, as many universities are now charging the maximum £9,000 in tuition fees. Jo Johnson, the Universities Minister, has recently criticised the quality of teaching in some universities as “lamentable,” stressing the need for the test.

Criticism launched at British higher education often questions factors such as the amount of contact time students receive, especially in comparison to courses taught abroad. For example, it has been suggested that even top British universities, including Oxford, are not off ering good value-for-money when compared to American Ivy League institutions such as Harvard and Yale, even though those universities charge five times as much as the £9,000 limit in the UK.

The response from universities to the “before and after test”, as Jo Johnson terms it, has been one of caution, with several suggesting the proposed test would be too generic to be meaningful, whilst others have warned that some universities may simply “teach to the test.”

There is also a concern the test is too narrow in its approach, and will neglect other skills gained during a degree, as well as potentially sidelining degrees, such as fi ne art and music, which may place more emphasis upon other skills, like performance and craftsmanship, that are outside the test’s parameters.

But while new to Britain, similar tests are already used in other countries such as the US. An example is the Collegiate Learning Assessment test, which aims to measure critical thinking and written communication skills. It is currently used by more than 700 institutions in the US and across the world. The test lasts 60 minutes and involves students analysing a set of documents and writing an appropriate response. This is then followed by a multiple-choice paper. Whilst the tests available in the US are voluntary, Brazil carries out mandatory testing for all university students.

Offering another perspective to the situation, English student Paul Ritchie suggests it seems “rather horrendous that the government is trying to legitimise tuition fee increases under the guise of rewarding ‘academic excellence.’”

The government has recently passed legislation to allow the best achieving universities to increase tuition fees in line with inflation, pushing beyond £9000 a year. This new legislation, aided by the proposed test, allows a push for higher tuition fees at excellent universities and fee reductions at under-performing ones.

Oxford Maths Department wins Regius professorship

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AS PART OF the Queen’s 90th birthday celebrations, Oxford’s Mathematical Institute has been awarded a prestigious Regius Professorship.

The award, whose recipients were announced on Monday, is rare and highly esteemed. Since the last round of Professorships bestowed by Queen Victoria in 1842, only 14 new Regius seats have been granted. The Professorship is roughly equivalent to an Honours List for university departments, providing a royal seal of approval for outstanding research.

This year has proven a bumper year for the Mathematical Institute, with the Professorship being just the latest in a series of prizes. In May, Professor Nigel Hitchin took home the 2016 Shaw Prize in recognition of his far-reaching contributions to geometry and Professor Andrew Wiles took the 2016 Abel Prize for his world-famous proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem.

Maths fresher Cong Lu told Cherwell “I was very aware of a few people from Oxford who popularized maths like Marcus du Sautoy and Vicky Neale who led a maths summer camp in Leeds and definitely influenced me to study it” but big names in research were less of an attraction.

“I was definitely aware of Andrew Wiles’ monumental effort proving Fermat’s Last Theorem before coming here but I didn’t realise he was actually at Oxford,” Cong said. He believes some of Oxford’s research success does come from the way they teach Maths to undergraduates though.

“You’re encouraged to tackle extremely abstract concepts that build on your mathematical intuition and lead you a very deep understanding of maths.”

In the past a Regius Professorship was created when a monarch founded or endowed a department at a narrow group of older universities, namely Oxford, Cambridge, St Andrews, Aberdeen, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Trinity College, Dublin. Rather than have the Queen spoil her party by labouring through monographs, the recipients of the latest round were chosen by a select body of experts drawn from business and academia.

The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, Professor Louise Richardson, said, “2016 is proving to be quite a year for the Mathematical Institute at Oxford with the Abel Prize presented to Sir Andrew Wiles and Nigel Hitchin recently announced as Shaw Prize laureate. Being awarded a Regius Professorship in Mathematics is wonderful news for the University and another mark of distinction for Oxford Mathematics.”

The list comprises 12 universities and contains some surprises: the Professorships granted to Queen’s College, Belfast and Cardiff University are the first to be granted in Northern Ireland and Wales, respectively, and the success of Aston University’s pharmacy department and the Institute of Cancer Research, part of the University of London, marks a hitherto unusual shift away from the Russell Group.

£13.5m library addition at John’s

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St John’s has started work on a new £13.5m study centre and library extension to allow wheel-chair access, increase storage space and improve study areas.

The new facility, which will join to the first floor of the Laudian library, will include a two-storey study centre, as well as a new central archive within part of the President’s garden.

The centre “will double the number of reader seats” available to students and will provide a seminar room and study spaces with IT facilities for“ quiet, individual or team research and study”.

Extra shelving space will allow all undergraduate books and special collections to be stored inside the library or in a special basement area.

The college’s libraries are currently home to a number of rare books and manuscripts dating back to the 9th century.

St John’s JCR President Jessica Colston told Cherwell, “I think the main difficulties with the current college library is that we cannot open it for 24 hours a day, and it is inaccessible for students in wheelchairs or with other mobility issues. It’s really important that we support students with disabilities and the library is an essential part of the college, which should be accessible for all. Our current library also cannot be opened for 24 hours a day, and I know many would appreciate both earlier opening times for work before lectures and also opening through the night for those with less conventional work patterns!

“A new custom built space will allow students to study however they want and whenever they want. Undergraduate students will appreciate the new facilities such as communal areas that will let students work together in groups as well as enjoying more traditional study spaces for individual study. Making the college library accessible will also mean that disabled students can have the same access to study facilities as everyone else!”

Colston declined to comment on the cost of the project.

Principal Bursar, Professor Andrew Parker, told Cherwell, “St John’s College Library is a beautiful, historic building dating from 1595 but is lacking modern facilities and suffi cient study space. In addition, the current facility is not accessible for wheelchair users. The college has decided to build a new Study Centre, which links directly to the historic Library of the College. We believe that our students will greatly value the new improved facilities.” The new facilities will link the college’s Canterbury Quadrangle, which houses three of its four listed libraries, the Laudian Library, the Paddy Room and the 15th century Old Library, from the Groves area of St John’s College, a Grade II-listed park and garden, through to the President’s Garden.

Both the existing old Library and new Study Centre will be fully accessible for wheelchair users once the work is completed in December 2017. The existing Library will continue to be open as normal for students during the construction. The project is being completed by the construction company Stepnell who refurbished and extended the New Library at Magdalen College.

The stories that shaped Oxford life in 2015-2016

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There was a period of several weeks near the beginning of Hilary when all anyone could talk about was Rhodes Must Fall. From Junior Common Rooms to bars, college dinners to social media, Oxford was dominated by RMF. That Oriel finally decided to retain its controversial statue of colonialist Cecil Rhodes, one suspects, will not diminish the lasting legacy of the protest group.

University news can often be tremendously dull – I cannot count how many times Cherwell has been forced to rely on academic reports to fill the space in lieu of more interesting content. But 2015-2016 has been an exciting year at Oxford, at least for this former news editor. Even beyond RMF, we have had more than our fair share of stories that have gotten the University buzzing and which have been picked up by the national media.

Consider this term’s referendum on whether to disaffiliate from the National Union of Students over the election of Malia Bouattia or last term’s allegations of anti-Semitism within the Oxford University Labour Club. Microcosms of a national debate over anti-Semitism within the ranks of the political left, the two events forced Oxford to grapple with weighty issues, such as how to balance the needs of different minority groups. Indeed, the rights of members of underrepresented communities – black and minority ethnic students, Jewish students, queer students – have been at the fore this year.

In other news, political correctness movements and discussion of the limits of free speech have seemed ubiquitous, with Michaelmas seeing a healthy dose of debate over ‘no platforming’. And unfortunately, the formal installation of Oxford’s first female Vice-Chancellor was overshadowed the remarks of Chancellor Chris Patten, who has repeatedly provoked ire for comments about RMF, safe spaces and admissions quotas.

To the not-so-great shock of all observers, Oxford continues to underperform in terms of access. The proportion of students admitted from state schools, just over 50 per cent, is unimproved from previous years. Dismally, only 38 students of black or black British ethnic background were accepted for entry in 2015. Nonetheless, we have retained our strong place in international university rankings, receiving second place from Times Higher Education (although only sixth in the QS World University Ranking).

There have been other, more light-hearted stories too, for instance about a Green Templeton professor who lives much of his life as different animals. And at Christ Church in February, after a graduate student initiated confrontations over the college’s LGBTQ flag and quoted an anti-homosexual Corinthians verse, the college banded together in solidarity to support the queer community.

As for Rhodes Must Fall, despite issuing a seven-point manifesto and organising a march at the end of term, the group has largely gone mum. We will have to wait until October to see what comes next.

Work continues on Eve the plesiosaur

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Work is continuing at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History on piecing together the remains of Eve, a 165 million year old plesiosaur discovered in a Cambridgeshire quarry. The museum, which has been working on the skeleton since it was donated in November 2015, recently sent the skull to have a CT scan in the Royal Veterinary College, and subsequently to Bristol University, to create a digital reconstruction.

Cherwell was taken behind the scenes to see the ongoing excavation of the creature’s skull, which has been rotated 190 degrees so it can be easier examined. Examiners have so far spend around 70 hours working on the skull, added to an estimated 600 hours piecing the jigsaw of bones together. Work on the skull has revealed a large collection of Belemnites, tiny squid-like sea creatures, which presumably either made up the creature’s last meal or settled on the dying animal.

Although existing in the same period as the dinosaurs, the plesiosaur is in fact a huge aquatic reptile: currently it is unclear whether these creatures are closer to snakes or crocodiles in ancestry. Hopefully the ongoing investigation on Eve, Oxford’s plesiosaur, will yield more information about these creatures.

There is a fascinating display case containing information on and sections of the plesiosaur skeleton, on exhibit in the entrance hall of OUMNH until the 25th of July.

Active Oxford

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Cherwell speaks to campaigners from student activist groups from all over Oxford to see what items are on the social justice agenda.
Edited and Directed by Tamuz Avivi.

Cherworld: Episode 2 – NUS Yes or Mess?

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Cat Bean, Ellen Peirson-Hagger and Joe Inwood discuss the decision made by Oxford students to remain affiliated with the National Union of Students.

“Well, I never heard it before, but it sounds uncommon nonsense.”

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Frank Zappa once argued that ‘writing about music is like dancing about architecture.’ Forgive me Frank but I’m going to give it a go. After all, he did name his children Dweezil, Moon Unit and Diva Muffin, so what does he know?

With so much human history behind us, it is perhaps unsurprising that each generation feels the burden of originality weighing upon them even heavier than the last. The 2006 film, ‘The History Boys’ tackles the dilemma head-on – temporary teacher, Mr Irwin, is coaching a group of Oxbridge candidates for their looming aptitude test, and, though the boys do know the correct answers, he insists that in order to be noticed, they must “say something different, say the opposite.” Regardless of the truth, interest is the key. And with every contemporary album I hear, I’m becoming more and more suspicious that Mr. Irwin has been coaching modern artists in a similar vein.                Charlotte O’Connor’s debut ‘For Kenny’ was one of my favourite albums of 2011, and I, a fourteen year old innocent, decided to play it as the soundtrack to a family barbeque that summer, eager for my elders to understand that ‘baby you’re a firework’ and ‘party rock is in the house tonight’ were not all the modern generation could boast, desperate to demonstrate that, to some extent at least, music was not ‘better in their day.’ Instead, they scoffed, ‘Who’s this? They’ve clearly been listening to Corrine Bailey Rae.’ Ouch. As much as this little anecdote still pains me, I think it serves to demonstrate my point- pass us the Piriton, we’re allergic to derivativeness.

Imagine this, Bruno Mars’ ‘When I was your man’ on the lips of, let’s say, Marvin Gaye. Instant classic. Motown fans everywhere accept it into their ranks without batting an eyelid. ’50 Greatest Heartbreak Ballads’ just found its fiftieth track. Adele’s ‘Someone like you’- stick a mind-blowing crescendo key-change at the end and hand it to Whitney and we have a nice new addition to ‘The Bodyguard’ soundtrack. McFly’s ‘Obviously’ (a bit retro, I know, but stay with me), with a few cosmetic changes, wouldn’t actually sound out of place on the Beatles’ 1965 album, ‘Help!’ alongside tracks like ‘The Night Before’ and ‘You’re going to lose that girl.’ What I hope this might demonstrate is that these songs, fundamentally, are not bad songs; not the best by any means, but not bad, per se. I truly believe that each of them, had they been written amongst the originals of their respective genres, would be far more revered than they are today. Yet, at some stage, I have seen each of them tossed aside because they sounded like someone else.

Maybe it’s just me, perhaps I have subconsciously surrounded myself with the most cynical of modern music critics. But, irrespective of my circle of disparagers, I do think it a fair generalisation that we are constantly searching for something new, something original. And it’s becoming a hideously tall order given the sheer amount of music which has preceded us. If you’ll allow me to ascend to my pulpit for a moment, Ecclesiastes 1:9 did call it: “What has been is what will be, and what has been done is what will be done; there is nothing new under the sun.” But is this really a bad thing? We seem unable to detach music from its context; a song written in 2016 might be just as good, perhaps better, than one written decades earlier, yet we critique it more harshly for being a little late to the party. What if we were to judge a song context-blind? Surely, the purity of that experience would be so much greater.

Don’t get me wrong, I am in no way an advocate for the Simon Cowell school of carbon copies; within much of what our indie friends might refer to as ‘the mainstream’, we do often find an unabashed repetition of the same four chords, the same bland production and the same lazy lyricism (frankly, it’s astounding how we’ve managed to regress from Jimmy Webb’s “and I need you more than want you, and I want you for all time” to “work, work, work, work, work, he see mi do mi dirt dirt dirt dirt dirt.”)  But the opposite extreme is equally terrifying,  our obsession with originality pushing us to a point where we’re listening to something because it’s interesting and not because it’s good, every song shrouded in a series of beeps and whistles, every voice plastered with affectation, all in the pursuit of originality.  I was confronted with a somewhat jarring realisation of the extent of the problem recently, when I was asked to listen to ‘electronic experimentalist duo’, Matmos, whose entire album is composed entirely out of sounds sampled from a washing machine. Just for that extra edge, they even wheel the washing machine out for live performances…it gets a solo. In case you were wondering, it is every bit as shit as it sounds.

Perhaps I’m being too harsh, it’s not like interesting music and good music are mutually exclusive categories, perhaps we should heed the advice of our late, great Bowie and ‘turn and face the strange’ or, to return to comic-musician and child-naming extraordinaire, Frank Zappa, accept that ‘without deviation from the norm, progress is not possible.’ Equally, however, derivative and good music are not mutually exclusive either. Can’t a good song be so, regardless of its influences, regardless of its originality? Just a thought (maybe not an original one.)