Tuesday 19th August 2025
Blog Page 1186

Ready, Steady, Cook! Tesco Finest Paella

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★★★★★

Five Stars

For this week’s review, I considered trying to find the middle ground between a cheap run of the mill meal and an expensive one, so I went for a Tesco Finest Chicken, Chorizo and King Prawn Paella. Where this lands on the aforementioned spectrum is a subject of debate, and is not what I am going to argue in this review.

Preparation consists of nuking for a few minutes then stirring before eating. The first few mouthfuls of rice were a lot tastier than I originally expected, as it tasted very similar to a freshly cooked paella. On top of this, the chorizo has quite a spicy kick (a huge plus for me, considering how much I like chorizo). The mix of meats brings an interesting change of texture to each mouthful, which meant that the meal stayed enjoyable throughout. All of these factors lead to only one criticism that I have, and that is the stereotypical ‘I wish there were more of the meal to eat’. In terms of health and nutrients, there is a worrying amount of energy, fat and salt, but considering the flavour of the paella, it is certainly still good comfort food.

Mindfulness: more than just meditation

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Between the 11th and 17th May this year was Mental Health Awareness Week, an annual event run by the UK’s Mental Health Foundation to raise a discussion on mental health and well-being. This year’s theme was on mindfulness, one of the buzzwords of 2015. But what exactly is it? Mindfulness is often seen in the media within the context of meditation or Buddhism or depression, and it seems to be going mainstream. But I mentioned mindfulness to a friend once, and they thought it meant finding a quiet, serene spot, sitting down in the Lotus position, hands in an a-ok gesture, and humming ‘omm’.

Yes, mindfulness has originated mainly from Buddhist or monastic traditions, but there are no religious associations with it (a debate or discussion in itself). It is completely secularised, and that perhaps is the reason why it has become so popular all of a sudden. Not only has a whole new type of psychotherapy been based on it – Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) – but organisations are slowly rolling it out to schools, universities, and even prisons. One definition of mindfulness is that it is the practice of paying attention to the here and now. It is a form of awareness, of focusing on your breathing, bodily sensations, thoughts, and feelings, and concentrating on what is happening moment by moment, rather than allowing your mind to wander to the regrets of the past (that moment in Park End) and the fears of the future (impending exams). There’s a lot more to it than sitting down and meditating. You can practise mindfulness wherever you are; you don’t need to be in the middle of Port Meadow surrounded by cow poop.

Surprisingly, there is actually a growing body of evidence that suggest that mindfulness works. And given the fact that it’s as cheap an intervention as they come, the NHS of course recommends it (in the form of MBCT), but only for the prevention of episodes of recurrent major depression. There are simply not enough studies yet to determine if it works on eating disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and all the other mental health conditions that many websites claim mindfulness can cure.

I’ve practised mindfulness for several months now. I first learnt through an app called Headspace, which gave ten 10-minute sessions free, following which you can buy a yearly subscription. The app developers call it a “gym membership for the mind” – kind of like what Oxford is, if you think about it. I found it helped to keep me focused through the day, and stopped me from excessive worrying. While I’ve been using it in the context of clinical depression, lots of people have also used it to get to a better state of wellbeing from their relatively normal baseline. Let’s face it, Britain is hardly the happiest country in the world. Mindfulness isn’t just for depressed people, it’s also for anyone who wants to be happier, even if they’re unhappy per se.

One of the key tenets of mindfulness is shifting your attention to the bodily senses. This might mean feeling the weight of your body through your feet, bum, or back against your chair, bed, sticky Bridge floor, or wherever you happen to be reading this. Try this now. Just notice how your feet are resting on the floor, without needing or wanting to change it. Next, you’ll want to scan the rest of your body. Where are the areas of tightness? Where are the areas of lightness?

I’d then suggest you to close your eyes so you can focus on your other senses, and especially to the senses within your body, but that would stop you from reading this, so please don’t do that (just yet). Listen to the sounds around you. You might hear your own breath, people talking, the wind, the sounds of freshers nervously laughing about exams, finalists swearing under their breath. Pick up on these sounds without lingering on them. Noticing and being aware that they exist is good enough.

Focusing on the breathing is also important. It might help you to mentally count each breath as you inhale and exhale up from one to ten, and then going back to one. Feel the breath entering through your nostrils, making its way down to your lungs, and sense your abdomen and chest stretching as your lungs expand. And then the reverse as you exhale.

Another idea central to mindfulness is being aware of what is going on in your mind. You can think of other analogies for this, but the one that I like to use is imagining my thoughts as written on clouds that are speedily floating by on a sky, and my feelings as the colour of the background sky. The background sky could be dark or bright, and the clouds could either be few and far between (i.e. during an exam) or they could be cluttering the sky. The clouds can also be rushing by quickly, whereas others are always there, lingering, threatening to rain. The idea in mindfulness isn’t to clear your head from emotions and feelings; it is to be aware of them. It is absolutely okay for your mind to be working. It’s not about stopping thoughts; it’s about accepting, acknowledging, and recognising them. Then, you’re less likely to let the thoughts and emotions overwhelm you. It’s also about self-compassion, and saying to yourself that you’re enough, and worthy of existing. So – happy mindfulness!

How to…Deal With Bad Student Drama

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Good art is a hard casket to find. Many spend their whole lives seeking it, few discovering the pure stuff. With every trip to the theatre you take, a survival guide is necessary. Imagine it like a pleasant airbag. Just in case you hit some rocky terrain. I’m not saying that all student drama is poor. I, How-To Guru, have been in plays myself, which is exactly why I know how necessary this How-To is.

The first type of bad student drama is that of the poor script. I saw one such play that somehow reached the Keble O’ Reilly unscathed. Best not to question how the fuck it got there. Now, the acting was not bad. The poor, sweet actors tried their hardest to recover the miserable mess that was the script. You might even start to feel sorry for these thesps with exhaustion in their eyes. Don’t. Sympathy is not the answer. The only way you, the audience, will be able to get through this play is… re-genre-ising. Sounds silly, but it works. This s t r a ig ht- l ace d piece of shit is not a straightlaced piece of shit at all! No! It is a grand, postmodern piece of genius! It is, ladies and gentlemen, a parody! Whenever the supernatural is poorly employed, you must roar with laughter. Someone just changed characters for the fifth time? FUCKING hilarious! A grand tableau of pretend poor drama! What a great idea to stage a parody involving transformation into animals! See? I’m already starting to giggle.

Another dilemma of bad student drama, requiring the same tactic, is that of poor acting. Now, poor acting is uncomfortable, to say the least. Others might advise walking out of the theatre. But frankly, this is a stupid idea. As soon as you walk out, you are accepting that you have wasted your money. Instead, try applying a Brechtian viewpoint. Bertolt Brecht, a playwright and practitioner, has put forward various ludicrous theories about the nature of theatre. His aim was to eradicate everything one associates with theatre. But, just as Brecht likes actors to emotionlessly present characters, without trying to be the character, this is what any poor actor is doing in Oxford. Wisely nod your head as they say disembodied words. What excellent Brechtian emphasis! Spend the play admiring their supreme and curious practitioner choice. This way you can feel informed, avoiding the cringing, wringing pain that is bad acting.

The last duty of handling bad student drama spans beyond the 45 to near-infinite minutes. There is a high chance that the reason you were sitting watching this instance of shame was because of a friend. A high chance. And now they’re off the stage. And they’re in front of you. And they’re no longer dressed as an elephant. And the stage-buzz is still perspiring from their upper lip. And they want to know what you thought. A nugget of wisdom: it is possible to be truthful without being honest. Some ideas, “I love the opening song”. “The tree was painted so well!” “Very bold!” “Never seen something like that before”.

Personally, I always stick with this one, “I won’t be forgetting that.

Diary of a…Drinking Society President

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So, the first thing to note is that it’s not all about the drinking. I mean, there is that, obviously. But we also do a lot of brunches. I fucking love brunch. Brunch is just the best parts of all the best meals you’ve ever had. In an unholy alchemical combination of lunch and breakfast, we have created something so much greater than the sum of its parts. No one’s ever got banned from anywhere for smashing up a brunch.

We’re pretty tame, I guess, compared to some of the more ‘established’ drinking societies. One of my more easily scandalised schoolfriends found out about my presidency and assumed that we run around Oxford behaving like the Bullingdon Club. She didn’t speak to me for a week, outraged at my apparent perpetuation of violent elitism until I gently explained that the reality is far less exciting. We have a lot of fancy dinners and alumnae events where we eat and drink and just generally love each other because we’re probably the best group of girls that you will ever meet.

Being the president of an all-women’s drinking society does endow you with certain benefits – there’s never a shortage of offers for crew dates, for instance. Legend has it that our society was founded around 15 years ago, set up by a group of pioneering girls as an antidote to the rampant sexism and privileged gluttony of the male drinking and dining societies at our college. Things seem to have greatly improved regarding the attitudes of our male counterparts since that schism (aside from the recent incident in which one boy was punched by a Fellow following a fairly heavy society dinner) and we now host a number of joint events with the boys throughout the year.

Our respective initiation events provide perhaps the most stark contrast in our attitudes to this whole ‘drinking society’ thing: while their prospective recruits have to drink a pint of vodka, ours simply drink one or two glasses of prosecco. It’s not that we couldn’t drink that much (from my experiences of going out with members of both societies, I’d say that many of our girls are actually far better equipped to handle their drink than a lot of the boys), but rather that we just think it’s a bit tragic. We’re comfortable enough in ourselves that we believe bonds can be formed between our members without the need for a trip to A&E or downing pitchers full of cat food and urine.

I’m occasionally questioned about the apparent exclusivity of our society, and of others like us. I understand the concerns – we only admit between five and eight members a year so I can see how we may give off a whiff of elitism. Our standards, however, aren’t exactly Bullingdon-level. The main criteria we have when selecting new members is that they’re someone we would all be happy to sit next to at dinner, rather than which school they went to or whether they can afford a velvet dinner jacket. Realistically, if you’re fun and nice, you’ve got a good chance of getting in.

Etiquette in a Turkish Hamam

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Brace yourself, when the Turks go to their local hamam, there is no time for English-style prudence or coyness. Forget the language barrier and your lack of understanding at how this process works and allow yourself to be guided through this enchanting experience.

My first visit to a genuine Turkish hamam was in a city called Sivas. Unlike those found in the more tourist-ridden areas of Turkey, this hamam was not accustomed to foreigners wandering into its historical setting. Once inside, throw away your inhibitions. The first rule when setting foot in these ancient baths: get relatively naked and get relatively comfortable with it. I was greeted by bare breasts in every direction, totally transparent pants, women being scrubbed down by others and I immediately felt ridiculous wearing my bikini, so off came the top half (perhaps I’ll wait till next time to bare all).

Unsurprisingly, my Turkish was non-existent so explaining the process to me proved difficult. As far as I was concerned, I was there to enjoy a massage, an exfoliation and some relaxation. As I was clearly failing to understand anything in Turkish, one woman who was there with her toddler son offered to explain in German what I was supposed to be doing. Although I don’t speak German, I eventually realised that they wanted me to go into the sauna for a while so I’d sweat which would allow the women to successfully exfoliate my skin. Another important tip: be patient and pretend to understand what they’re saying (lots of nodding helps).

After sitting in the sauna for about 15 minutes, I grew impatient, I wasn’t sweating enough. Jumping jacks and running on the spot soon sorted that out. Always remember that exercise in a sauna definitely induces sweat. Finally, I emerged and clearly glistened enough because a woman working at the hamam got me to lie down on the stone slab in the centre of the baths. At last, I was going to earn my relaxing treatment. Chomping on some gum and giving me curt orders as to when to lift limbs, the woman vigorously scrubbed me down with a rough flannel. Not quite the tentative care I was expecting.

The echoes of the woman’s chatter and the little boy’s excited squeals added to the experience, although detracted from the relaxation somewhat. Next came the full body massage. The woman rubbed a bar of soap between her hands and got started. I would describe this massage as charming agony. No muscle escaped the pressure of her firm hand and it certainly released some tension in my body, although it didn’t feel so therapeutic at the time.

Some Turks go to the hamam as a weekly ritual or for special occasions. Two girls, clearly curious as to why a pale, blonde foreign girl was in the baths this week, approached me and asked where I was from. They had come to the hamam with most of the women in their family to bathe before a cousin’s upcoming nuptials. They encouraged me to plunge with them into the little swimming pool, neglecting to tell me that it was freezing cold. Admiring how I did a little breaststroke around the pool, they asked me how I’d learned to swim and if I could teach them. And so an impromptu swimming lesson began, where the girls at least pretended to appreciate my demonstration of how to do ‘froggy legs’.

Then came the end to my baptism of fire into the Turkish hamam experience. I entered the baths expecting a well-priced massage and a little scrub down but I left as a semi-nudist swimming teacher. My best tip on how to experience a Turkish hamam? Walk in as an ignorant tourist and you’ll certainly be pleasantly surprised.

Creaming Spires TT15 Week 5

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I only started calling myself bisexual a few weeks ago. This wasn’t the result of much agonising soul-searching and internal debate. I didn’t have to overcome years of heterosexual conditioning from conservative and ignorant parents, nor take courage and inspiration from Tom Daley or Ellen Degeneres. No, my parents are quite lovely, open-minded folk, quite apathetic as to who I date, and I figured out quite early on, with no strong feelings about it, that while I agreed that Aaron Samuels looked sexy with his hair pushed back, Gretchen Wieners did too.

Despite having fully accepted that I was attracted to both boys and girls by the time I arrived at university, I still didn’t feel quite justified in using the label ‘bisexual’ without having earned my stripes. I was no virgin, but for a large chunk of my high school career I had been burdened with the inconvenience of a perfectly nice boyfriend who I liked far too much at the time to break up with so I could ‘experiment with my sexuality’ – a phrase that I often pondered and aspired towards in my head with high seriousness, anticipating a very mature and urban period in my life with intellectual girls who wore glasses and we would have arthouse sex, but I guess I just never thought to plan exactly how I would meet these women. Which brings us to the pre-identification dilemma.

Somewhere around Hilary Term my nice boyfriend and I banana split. The metaphoric undoing of a phallic object is a nice little segue into my girl phase, no? I quickly set my sights on my college mother. Aside from wearing glasses, she was openly gay and within my social circle. These latter two preferences, based on a lack of gaydar or knowledge of the secret ways of Plush, narrowed my choice down to just her. The glasses were a bonus. She came along to our date not realising it was a date, and afterwards, in her room, I tried to push my face onto hers. She kissed me back for perhaps three minutes before gently pushing me off and explaining that this was a terrible idea (a sentiment I actually deep down agreed with), but as a consolation agreed to wingwoman me at Plush.

We went the next Friday and, with the help of her advice, I managed to pull a girl for the first time. Whether or not I enjoyed it seemed irrelevant to the higher goal of diversifying my sexual CV, so with determination and some Dutch courage I gave her head, naively reverting to the TV trope of spelling out the alphabet, which seemed to actually work. When she offered to return the favour I was too scared of the potential embarrassment of not orgasming with at least equal vigour, so I instead gave some excuse about being tired and took the stride of pride back to my own college, knowing I’d officially punched my ticket for the Pride parade. Job done.

Union BME officer to resign after cocktail scandal

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Following the advertisement of a cocktail named ‘Colonialism Comeback’ at the Oxford Union debate last night, Cherwell understands that the Oxford Union BME officer, Esther Odejimi, has decided to resign her role. The debate in question was, ‘This House believes Britain owes reparations to her former colonies’. It has been noted that all the speakers for the proposition were people of colour, while all those speaking for the opposition were white.

In a statement to Cherwell, Odejimi said, “I’m disgusted at the way they have behaved both, towards me, and the wider black community. I have made many efforts to reach out to the President for an induction and to make sure that my role is not left redundant. All have been in vain. I haven’t even met her ONCE! And now, on top of that, this ridiculously insensitive poster has been pasted up on the union walls. It’s clear that my role was just an act of political correctness and they had no intention to actually engage with the BME rep position. I want nothing to do with them at all. I’m disgusted. Racism is definitely not dead.” 

There were at least two versions of the flyer advertising the cocktail. The first was accompanied by an image of two hands bound in chains, which was interpreted as suggesting the figure of a slave. The second showed an image of former British African colonies. The former has been widely shared on social media and has received a huge backlash from students. 

An Oxford Union member commented, “I think it makes a farce of the Oxford Union supposedly caring about BME issues when their BME Officer was neither consulted before holding an obviously racially charged debate, nor even had an induction as to their responsibilities.

“If they want to convince us that they’re taking racism seriously, then they need to get off their backsides to replace their words with actions. And a twenty word apology isn’t going to cut it.”

The Oxford Union did not respond to Cherwell‘s request for comment. On their Facebook page, the Union wrote, “The Union would once again like to apologise for the cocktail last night. We let a lot of people down: the cocktail and its flyer were entirely inappropriate, and offensive. We must ensure that this never happens again.

“The individual responsible has apologised and deeply regrets their actions.

“All future cocktails will now be brought to the Standing Committee each week to ensure they have been seen and voted on by the committee, to avoid such an incident ever being repeated.

“This situation should never have arisen. We apologise sincerely.”

Are college balls really worth the money?

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Yes

Harry Gosling

There is nothing quite like the experience of an Oxford ball. A night of decadence, debauchery and indulgence in the beautiful surroundings of a centuries old Oxford College is for many students the highlight of their time at the University. And quite rightly too, given the price of some of the Commemoration Balls. I am not writing to market Ball tickets, but to suggest that the virtually unique nature of an Oxford ball is well worth the price paid in most cases.

From an objective perspective, it may appear that Oxford balls are not all that they are made out to be. Copious amount of food and drink are consumed, yes. But £95 worth?

Perhaps not. But this misses the point. The old adage that something can add up to an experience that is greater than the sum of its parts holds firm in this case. It is the almost unique experience of an Oxford ball that makes it worth the price that is paid. There can be few events as magical as a ten hour party with hundreds of guests dressed in ball gowns and black tie, all moving to an eclectic mix of jazz, funk and disco. There are a million activities: laser quest, dodgems, fireworks and more, with barely a dull moment as the party flows from one sixteenth century quad to the next.

Part of what makes these college balls such a fantastic experience is that they are so well-funded: the bigger the budget, the better the party. Reducing the price of college balls would only diminish the experience. The slightly cheaper balls, such as those held by RAG and the Union, are great but many students justifiably regard the college balls as better value, given that they can offer a more memorable night, rather than just a great one. Some students will of course disagree, arguing that college balls are too expensive for what they are. But the fact that ball tickets appear to sell out within minutes of their release is in itself proof that they are not too expensive: students evidently think that the experience that is offered by college balls is worth parting with up to £180. Repeated attendance at balls proves that many students regard them as well worth the money.

An oft-cited argument is that the price of many of these college balls excludes poorer students who cannot hope to pay the ticket price. This argument is farcical. Would we suggest that a car, or a restaurant or a holiday was too expensive on account of the fact that some people could not afford it? Attendance at a college ball is not an essential part of being a student at Oxford and indeed for those who are adamant that they do not miss out there is always the option of working at the ball and then enjoying the second half.

Oxford is a tremendously intense environment and so many students rightly value a college ball as the climax of their time at Oxford, or, alternatively, one final night of excess before exams season commences. Regardless of why different individuals agree to part with large sums of money in order to experience a college ball, it is clear that they are justified in doing so.

College balls are the most glamorous of Oxbridge traditions. What makes them such a unique and special experience is the decadence and the luxury that can only be supported through high ticket prices. Shelling out £100 or more for a ticket to a College Ball is not for everyone. But I for one believe it to be worth every penny.

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No

Patrick Mullholland

Spring has sprung and Trinity Term is now in full swing. Freshly pruned, it’s been a year of ‘firsts’ for our 2014/15 harvest of chundergraduates. Matriculash and Oxmas, bops and bopstivals, crew dates and formals, choir hymns and welfare buns, prelims and 2:1s (well, I guess it hasn’t all been firsts). Still, it’s the glitz and glamour, an evening of extravagance that is marked out, circled and scored across our calendars. Admit it, by now we’ve all tried it on, ‘playing the bon vivant’ (do pardon this, the first of many chic loanwords). The hors-d’œuvre (I told you so…) has been served up – the pièce de résistance is yet to come! I am, of course, referring to the main event, the crème de la crème of Oxford soirées: the college ball.

Yes, for a limited time only students from Cowley to Summertown will grace the city of dreaming spires. Expect three-piece hires, lace dresses, pocket squares, dress shirts and that one guy that always wears a kilt… However, while life may look free-and-easy, it’s most certainly not free. Rather, it comes at a price – and a very heavy one at that.

Or maybe that’s just me? With this question in mind, I took to Trinity’s JCR, posting one of those annoying, probing surveys (N.B. – there is no conflict of interest here, I swear). In total, there were 42 respondents that partook in the investigation, ‘Are college balls too expensive?’ Sadly, I’ve elected to omit the popular answer of ‘Ed Balls’ but I am pleased that someone bothered to vote for him. The results were as follows:

Yes, college balls are too expensive – 71 per cent; it depends on which college ball – 29 per cent; no, college balls are not too expensive – 0 per cent. Granted, I can’t imagine too many people would have the gall to name and shame themselves by saying ‘no’ – “Goodness gracious no! They’re as cheap as chips, what am I supposed to do with all this money weighing down my pockets?” Notwithstanding, there is a point here (somewhere) and it is this: overwhelmingly, students feel as though they are being ripped off when it comes to admission prices. Sky-rocking into triple digits, Trinity’s lavish Commemoration Ball last year would have set you back £155 for members, or £185 for non-members. St. John’s tallied up to a similar figure of £150. Gulps, take that student loan. On a purely economic basis this is almost extortionate, regardless of how enjoyable it may be. Needless to say, this also feeds into a popular extramural misconception of Oxbridge as a ‘posh playground’, a bastion of the privileged. Naturally, this is not a critique of hardworking ball committees that endeavour tirelessly to conjure up thrilling themes and cherished memories. That it is, however, at the very least, somewhat exclusive remains something of an issue. Surely it goes without saying that all students, not just the jeunesse dorée, ought to have the choice of deciding whether or not they wish to attend. Financial constraints really shouldn’t factor into the equation.

On the flipside, not all balls will have you re-mortgaging your house. Take St Hilda’s for instance. Quite a few of my friends were impressed by how affordable it was. Tickets were available for as low as £64, which, while pricey, could hardly be said to be breaking the bank. One student, Abi Willett, commented how she was “pleasantly surprised” by the great value for money, saying, “The food was excellent and the Beyoncé tribute was a particular highlight.” This model is something for other colleges to aspire to. Organisers should strike a balance; accessibility and quality need not hinder the other. A ball is at its heart an excuse to dress up and look nice. People anticipate some expense but not a crater in their bank accounts.

Added to the mix we also have the small matter of preparation, of ordering your suit off ASOS and hoping it arrives before the warehouse burns down. Failing that, a quick peek inside Ede and Ravenscroft will remind you why there’s a Marks and Spencer in your local shopping centre, and not the former. Truth be told, dress codes can place enormous un-costed burdens upon attendees. One must also go through all manner of difficulties before settling on the appropriate attire. But rest assured, Balliol College, in 2012, graciously decided to make this decision for you, tough as it is. A white tie birthday bash was held in celebration of the college’s 750th anniversary (overcompensating for 458 years in its neighbour’s shadow no doubt). Now, I’m not lashing out at white tie per se, only that it is indicative of an inherent feature of ‘ball culture’: frivolous spending for frivolity’s sake. So, in the end, don’t be shocked if you run up bills that match or exceed your ticket price.

On the whole, I think it’s fair to say balls aren’t always what they are cracked up to be (I’m looking at you, infamous Pembroke Ball 2013). From time to time, it really is a bit of a balls-up. And sure, many may meet the mark or surpass it once in a while but even then they’re often overpriced.

To put it crudely, it depends on whose balls you prefer. Some, like Hilda’s, are relatively cheap and deliver, but many don’t. Most balls are purposefully too expensive. They are kaleidoscopic carnivals, showy displays of pomp and circumstance. If this is of discomfort to us then our approach is in need of an overhaul. 

The International Student: Ireland’s Gay Marriage Referendum

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It was very hard to feel cynical last Saturday. 23rd May was a day about which all descriptions sound trite, sentimental, hyperbolic, but there was nothing trite about the joy across the country this weekend. Leo Varadkar, Ireland’s openly gay Minister for Health was right to call it a “social revolution”; the resounding ‘Yes’ in the marriage referendum was the culmination of decades of shifting social attitudes in what was once called ‘Catholic Ireland’- the yes result may see a long overdue moratorium on that phrase. Regardless of how it might appear in retrospect, social change is never a creeping gradualism; the slow erosion of homophobia in Ireland has come about through 30 years of ceaseless campaigning by activists like David Norris and Katherine Zappone.

For LGBTQ people in Ireland, the referendum has been as personal as it has been political. All over the country, people were sharing their stories and speaking honestly about what the ‘Yes’ vote has meant to them. In Dublin, I heard people say they felt safer on the streets after the extraordinary support for the amendment – upwards of 70 per cent in most Dublin constituencies – I heard many people talk about their hopes for the future where young LGBTQ people would not have to experience the shame and isolation that they once did. I heard gay people in their 70s talk about weddings they never thought they would see.

As a queer Irish person, I have felt overwhelmed by the compassion and enthusiasm of the straight majority. Flying home to vote, I found myself sitting behind two straight women who were doing the same thing. They chatted about the gay friends and family they wanted to support, and there was something endearingly didactic  about the way one said, “Not voting is as bad as voting ‘No’.” The ways in which straight people have made it their duty to stand up to homophobia is a model of how straight allies should behave. In theory, human rights should never go to a vote – in practice it became a beautiful way for Irish people to make their support irrevocable.

Gay marriage is not a panacea for homophobia, let alone for transphobia. The Taoiseach Enda Kenny has said that the ‘Yes’ vote would “obliterate prejudice”; that is sadly not true as no legislation or amendment can eradicate all prejudice in schools, workplaces and homes.

Young LGBTQ people are still far more likely to attempt suicide or experience mental health issues than their cisgender or straight counterparts. This is particularly the case for young trans people who have no legal recognition of their gender identity under Irish law and who are forced to undergo an excruciatingly lengthy process of medical and psychological examination before they may have their gender legally recognised. These are issues that must be addressed as a matter of urgency.

In discussions of the Marriage Equality campaign, phrases such as ‘the final hurdle’ reappeared. Same-sex marriage is far from the ‘final’ anything. Ireland has much further to go in treating its LGBTQ citizens with empathy and dignity.

But there is no denying that on Saturday 23rd May this year, something seismic changed in Irish society that went far beyond marriage, and even beyond the LGBTQ community. Rather than the final hurdle, perhaps we are witnessing the tentative beginnings of a new, inclusive and secular Ireland. After 23rd May, I feel confident that we will get there.

Interview: Paul Smith

Having had British Council postings in a dozen countries over 33 years, Paul Smith, Director of the US branch, has come to know more than most about the significance of “culture” in the twenty-first century.

Indeed, his experience of working on promoting education and cultural interaction across five continents means Smith can offer expert opinions on a diverse range of issues. However, underlying everything we talked about was a fi rm and intentional emphasis on the great importance of the multiple cultures he has had contact with. Having read some articles he had written, I knew the concept would play a key role in the interview, but was not expecting such an expansive and detailed answer when I asked what he meant by the term. First, he quickly explained that he is not simply referring to plays and music when he talks about culture, rather “that whole gamut of things which gives people a sense of identity; where their home is, whether they feel included or excluded, concepts of nationhood, obviously which religions (they belong to)”.

For Smith, such cultural issues are at the core of conflicts which continue to take place in nations across the world. A key element of this is that, “[While] the world is populated by nations, even more so it is populated by cultures, [and] cultures don’t always have the same political boundaries as nations.” He makes this point clearly with the case of Afghanistan, where he was based for two years prior to moving to the USA. His time there was not an easy one, with the country in a constant state of unrest and the ‘Green Zone’ area in which he worked being bombed while he was on leave.

However, despite this proximity to the brutal violence which continues in the country, he seems to be quite hopeful of its future. Here he again chooses to distance his argument from the overtly political and economic, as he states, “The real enterprise for Afghanistan, for all these different peoples, is to say, ‘We want to be a nation,’ and really it is an act of the will of the people, it is a cultural act, not just a political act.”

The idea of a decision being an “act of the will of the people” is a recurring theme. He repeatedly argues that it is essential to have self-determination based on a firm feeling of identity, where people come together within a nation and willingly defi ne themselves as such. He seems passionate on this point, as he repeatedly points to examples ranging from 9/11 to secession movements in Scotland, Belgium and Spain as cases where clashes over differences of identity have seen people attempt to assert their differences through whichever means they can.

While he takes care to emphasise that these issues are important domestically, he also repeatedly makes clear that he sees them as equally key on the international stage, at one point even stating, “There is nothing more important in geopolitics than culture.”

In explaining this statement, he slips into the tone of the double first Cambridge student he is, as he notes, “Culture is a deep undertow under the waters. The surface froth of the sea is today’s politics, but the deep things that are causing the waves or the froths are the cultural undertows.”

This point is clearly evidenced in the USA, where his job brings him into direct contact with the politics of the day. I bring up the recent civil unrest in Baltimore, and he again sees identity as playing a key role, noting that these “fi ghts are about recognition”, as peoples of diff erent groups with diff erent legacies and ties attempt to assert their sense of collective and individual rights. The issues here stem in large part from the fact that, in his words, America “is the greatest experiment of the last 200 years of the creating of a nation”. Thus, in the period since it became federalised, it has continued to be a “laboratory” in which radically diff erent groups attempt to find “common means to live together”, as they “try to fi nd the right kind of dynamic to truly respect and live with one another”.

From here, I ask what role Britain can play in a world that is so divided. Here, he says, we must step away from the actions of the past. As an imperial power, Britain played a key role in causing the difficulties which presently exist. A case in point is Afghanistan, which he notes is greatly inhibited by that fact that as a nation, its formulation was largely founded in imperial rulers who said, “We’ll draw a line here and here’s a nation.”

Instead, he says, “This country has developed some of the most democratic behaviours around tolerance which the world has ever known.” Here he seems understandably proud of the role of the institution he works for, as it attempts to peacefully extol the importance of education and understanding.

Turning again to the world stage, I ask what he thinks the future holds. Again, he chooses to highlight “the will of the people” as the key factor in determining what lies ahead, as with the rise of social media and an increasingly globalised and interconnected world, “The weight of authority is moving from the government to the people.”

However, while this may seem a positive vision to many, it comes with the assessment that alongside this rise comes increased friction between two jarring movements, in the form of globalisation and localism.

Smith does not try to predict the result of this conflict. Clearly, the central point of his analysis is that we must not underestimate the role of culture in geopolitics.