Blog Page 1195

Wall Street Revisited

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The Big Short is close to what Scorsese’s The Wolf of Wall Street would have been with a social conscience added and an hour of running time subtracted; it even features a naked Margot Robbie in the bath and highly simplified explanations of capitalist financial markets. It’s effective because its main three elements work very well, and director Adam McKay and the cast – including Steve Carell, Christian Bale, Ryan Gosling and Brad Pitt – are responsible for two of these.

The first is, as mentioned, the high degree of stylisation that breaks the fourth wall, lightens talk about sub-primes with Jenga metaphors and generally makes everything most people hate bearable. Documenting the financial crisis of 2008 is one thing; making it fun is something else entirely.

The second, a much more significant strength, is the cast. The only real criticism that can be levelled in this area is the fact that the Wall Street setting means it is almost exclusively male. Christian Bale, whose performance as a slightly obsessive fund manager could easily have verged into a pastiche of the cinematic ‘mathematical genius’ stereotype, is instead just eccentric enough to be believable. Steve Carell, likewise playing a banker with a reason to hate the system, offers bitterness that veils a much deeper sadness, grounding the film in some social responsibility. Every time you catch yourself laughing at a landlord who registered a property in his dog’s name, or when Schmidt from New Girl pops up playing a frat-boy mortgage broker with all the morality of a… well, a mortgage broker. Carell’s performance reminds you that not everyone will be able to weather the storm as well as all those people carrying cardboard boxes out of Lehman Brothers. At one point, Ben Rickert (Brad Pitt) notes a statistic that for every one per cent unemployment rise in the USA, 40,000 people die.

I had no in-depth understanding of the financial crisis before I started watching, and by the end I had a pretty solid impression – I couldn’t quite believe it at first, and was skeptical, but my philosophy and economics and PPEist friends reassured me that The Big Short is pretty accurate. Their reassurance offers a perfect introduction to the final key factor in The Big Short’s punchy effect: its real-life setting. Setting a film in a financial crisis whose effects are still being felt today, but focusing on the few people who did well out of it and how they felt as a result, allows McKay to balance the delicate scales of entertainment and factual accuracy.

It will undoubtedly differ from person to person, but the main impression I got of the situation was that I was just glad I was only 13 in the summer of 2008, or I would have been incredibly angry; as it is, this film just left me feeling a little bit more empty and a lot more left-wing, for better or worse. Moreover, The Big Short makes one thing very clear: this will happen again. The only real question is, will those responsible get away with it?

If this film is anything to go by, the situation looks pretty dire.

Daughter rocks to fuzzy guitar serenity

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Signing records in Truck Store on a sunny Saturday afternoon, Daughter are calm and gracious. A few hours later, and just a little further down the Cowley Road, the north London indie-rock trio turn deftly sincere as they play hard-hitting songs from new second album Not To Disappear.

After debut If You Leave, Not To Disappear is not a blind step into the void. Their infamous brooding capacity of vocals intertwined with Igor Haefeli’s shredding guitar is still apparent. Rather than reinventing their sound for this new album, the group have clasped onto all that they did best, and stepped it up a level. With a smoky strobe mist on stage, they fill the sold-out O2 Academy not only with bodies, but with a certain hazy vibe.

First tracks ‘How’ and ‘Alone / With You’ resonate with the same kind of cool intensity that Daughter are famous for. Ruminating, arching electric guitar lines hum underneath Elena Tonra’s hushed vocals. A luxurious synth-led ebb and flow resounds throughout ‘Alone / With You’, and it seems that what has changed since 2013’s If You Leave is their mindset: a greater confidence in experimen tation, in the way the band pore over their instruments and set into their own groove right from the off.

Amongst this ambience – what can only be described as sheer vibey-ness – rhythms are subtle yet defined. On drums, Remi Aguilella is crucial in providing the momentum for the percussive backbeat that heads out in dialogue with the synth in ‘Numbers’, or the time changes between verse and chorus in ‘Human’, ultimately leaving the song in a lush meandering groove.

There is a charming discord between the intensity of the band’s art and their down-toearth nature. Between songs, Tonra sips out of a red tin camping flask, overwhelmed at the whoops coming from the crowd she looks out on. Suitable for the emotional and gripping nature of their sound, the room is dripping with sweat, and audience and band alike quickly begin to feel clammy. “At least I’m up here – no one can smell me”, Tonra quietly says. While I’m sure the audience would like to be even closer to her, the frontwoman’s timidity often makes it feel as though she’d prefer to be playing in a different room from other humans altogether.

Old songs provoke particular claps and squeals from the tightly-packed audience. Tonra, ever coy, shyly smiles and shrugs. Socalled “old” and “new” songs seamlessly give way for each other in this set: 2013’s ‘Amsterdam’ rings with Tonra’s whispered “I’ve been thinking I should see someone / Just to check that I’m alright”. On Not To Disappear’s lead single ‘Doing the Right Thing’, Tonra is sensitive enough to write from the perspective of her grandm o t h e r , troubled w i t h Alzheimer’s and at a loss of what to make as she slowly loses her grip on the world around her.

These lyrics may seem morbid, depressing even, but the starkness with which Tonra sings them, and the serenity to which they are lifted amongst fuzzy guitar and rippling drums, does not sink the evening into miserable territory. Instead, Tonra’s vocals fill a space, lingering over instrumental rhythms and substantiating a void – this modern industry – that is screaming out for truthful no-nonsense, no-hyperbole writing. In writing lines as honest as “Oh there has only been one time where we fucked and I felt like a bad memory” (‘No Care’) or “Sometimes I wish I’d stayed inside my mother” (‘Smother’), Tonra dispels any myth that emotional frankness has no place in pop.

Review: The Fastest Clock in the Universe

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★★★☆☆

If, like me, you know nothing of this play, do not be misled by the somewhat innocuous plot description online. The birthday party premise, coupled with a list of whimsical character names (Foxtrot Darling sounds cheery right?) formed the basis of my vague expectation for some kind of light-hearted satire. Instead I endured over 2 hours of a macabre pyscho-thriller interspersed with flashes of a twisted, fairytale-like narrative. Think Dorian Gray meetsthe longest Alfred Hitchcock ever and you’re along the right lines.

‘Endure’ is not inapposite given the sheer length and frustratingly slow pace of the first half. Whilst it painstakingly establishes the perverse dynamic between the manipulative and narcissistic title character, Cougar Glass (Jack Morris) and his benignly subservient disciple, Captain Tock (Max Reynolds) in terms of plot development the first hour is positively glacial.

Such a slow-moving storyline plus minimal use of visual and audio stimulation meant that strong characterisation was critical and luckily an impressive cast did not disappoint. Morris’s poise was excellent and overall he struck the perfect balance between the sexual charisma and pure malice that makes his depraved character so arresting. Reynolds’s performance as Captain took longer to convince me (initially the skullcap of duct tape creating the impression of baldness proved too distracting); however he quickly warmed up and his response to some of the more sinister emotional manipulation inflicted by Cougar was truly engaging.

The appearance of Cheetah Bee, the geriatric landlady oddly reminiscent of Catherine Tate’s notorious ‘Nan’ character, freshened an atmosphere which by the end of the first half was bordering on tedium. Whilst Alexandra Ackland-Snow did a laudable job and her eccentric presence onstage provided some much-needed relief, it was a struggle to develop her character into anything beyond caricature.

Thankfully some bolder directorial decisions were taken to enliven the shorter second half and the drama was at its strongest with the four main characters onstage together, participating in an increasingly unsettling birthday party ritual. Emily Smith delivered an expert performance as Foxtrot Darling, whose pathetic eagerness was pitched at just the right level to convey the teenager’s total infatuation with Cougar, and later boiled over into bitter resentment at the domineering antics of his brother’s ex-girlfriend, Sherbet Gravel (India Opzoomer). Although Opzoomer took a little longer to settle into the hardness of her character she commanded the later scenes – there was collective tensing in the audience as Sherbet cavorted around stage, palpably enraging the volatile Cougar.

Overall, the ill-judged pace of the first half was a real let-down and although the second half was more engaging in every way, for me it never quite redeemed itself. Doubtlessly this production as a whole would have benefited enormously from some ruthless script editing at an earlier stage. That said, if a drawn-out display of In-yer-face theatre particularly appeals, or if you’ve got a desire to marvel at some deeply disturbed characters, then The Fastest Clock in the Universe would certainly be worth an evening of your time.

Review: Field Music – Commontime

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★★★☆☆

Sunderland rockers Field Music have always been singular in their knack for jangling melodies, edgy rhythms and interweaving vocals. Back for Commontime, their sixth album, brothers Peter and David Brewis do not leave this behind. If anything, they push at the peripheries of the indie-rock they have made in the past, with ironic album opener ‘The Noisy Days Are Over’ announcing anything but: this noise is here and now.

After taking four years off – both members are involved in various solo and side projects – their perspectives seem to have changed. Now both fathers, they talk about familial relationships in their music. In ‘Stay Awake,’ David sings, “And I’m sorry if I’m ever short with you – I don’t mean it”. Despite this domestic familiarity, the brothers are able to create an invigorating sound.

At times hitting at a more reserved, mature version of Vampire Weekend’s tightly crafted indie-pop, the duo recorded the album in spontaneous bursts over six months in their Wearside studio. This spontaneity is certainly felt: vocals are often soulful, but sometimes clashing; harmonies are often discordant but occasionally lush and full; melodies sometimes take the form of crooning saxophone jibes but, at other times, come from tinkering piano.

It seems they do have a lot of fun up in the Northeast, after all.

Vice-chancellor questions safe spaces

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Recently appointed University Vice-Chancellor Louise Richardson has voiced her concern over the rise of ‘safe space’ ideology which has recently become increasingly prominent across UK and US universities.

Her installation speech earlier this month led her to stress that “an Oxford education is not meant to be a comfortable experience.” In an interview with The Telegraph shortly afterwards, she described her preferred approach to free speech as “quite the opposite of the tendency towards safe spaces.”

When asked how Richardson understands the term ‘safe space,’ she told Cherwell, “My understanding of the term as it has evolved in American campuses is as a space where people do not have to confront ideas they find disturbing or upsetting and that’s what I think is inconsistent with university life.”

When pressed further about what students should do when they need an escape from difficult ideas, she responded, “Isn’t that what your private life is about, that you have your friends, that you create a social group around you of people with whom you feel comfortable? Why would that need to be an institutional space?”

This follows her denouncement of new legislation, entitled Prevent, designed to curb the spread of radicalism across the UK with which the University will have to be compliant in August. 

Richardson said, “I understand the intentions of the government but I think this legislation is unwise. I’m worried that a particular group of students – Muslim students – might feel like they’re suspect and I really worry about the threat to free speech.”

In reference to OUSU’s response to Prevent, Richardson said, “I’ll be honest, I think it’s a shame that the students have decided not to engage on this. OUSU has a policy of not engaging with this… Personally, I would prefer to see us work together to express our shared reservations about the legislation.”

She continues, “Within the confines of the law I think universities are the best place to hear objectionable speech – radical speech if you like – because it can be countered openly. I think that’s what a university’s about. I think it’s an unfortunate piece of legislation; we will of course have to comply with it, and we’ll do so, but I’d much prefer we didn’t have to.”

Richardson also indicated that she thinks CAGE, which aims to “highlight and campaign against state policies developed as part of the War on Terror”, should be allowed to present on university campuses.

In a council meeting in October, OUSU publicly condemned the 2015 Counter-Terrorism and Security Act.

Culture Corner: ‘I Believe in a Thing Called Love’

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Touching you, touching me
touching you, god you’re touching me
I believe in a thing called love
Just listen to the rhythm of my heart
There’s a chance we could make it now
We’ll be rocking ‘til the sun goes down
I believe in a thing called love
Ooh! Guitar!
The Darkness
 
With a spread themed ‘The Darkness’, it would be tortuously evil not to mention the Suffolk rock band, The Darkness. And there is no other song more fitting to discuss than ‘I Believe in a Thing Called Love’. For out of darkness, there is hope, friends. Boy oh boy does Justin Hawkins know how to use a pen. “Touching you, touching me / touching you, God you’re touching me”. We are left in no doubt that Justin is touching someone and that they are touching him, and damn are we touched ourselves. Justin slips in ‘God’ you’re touching me, deifying all the touching. Isn’t this just the holiest form of touching ever? His heart beats to the rhythm of love, and there is a chance that ‘we’ could make it now. I long to know what they’re making. Love? A baby? A falafel and houmous wrap? Only Justin knows.
 
You need only watch the music video to know that the love Justin believes in is out of this world. The Darkness are lifted into space, Justin spitting water out of his mouth like a cherub upon a fountain, before being hugged dry by a massive strange bear thing. Tentacles wrap around his spaceship, as he lies on a bed and rubs his lower stomach and in that moment, suddenly, I think I know what love is. I think I understand. “Ooh! Guitar!” he screams, and I think, yes Justin. That is love. Love is a well-strung guitar. Is that a German sausage in your hand? That is love. You are love. Love touches me.

Where now for Rhodes Must Fall?

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Following “overwhelming” opposition and the cancellation of millions of pounds of donations, Oriel College has gone back on its commitment to run a “six-month listening exercise” on whether its statue of Cecil Rhodes should be removed. Now that it will remain in situ, it will become clear to what extent Rhodes Must Fall is about more than just the statue.

Discussion surrounding the British colonialist’s statue on Oxford’s High Street was largely confined to the student population until protesters presented a petition to Oriel in November, prompting a response from the College authorities and the promise of a consultation starting in February. Press coverage exploded in the following months, and a national debate about the statue, Rhodes’ legacy and Britain’s relationship with its colonial past ensued.

Thursday’s announcement that the statue will stand – alongside a clear explanation of its historical context – was informed by an “enormous” response, including a counter petition and over 500 written responses from students, academics and alumni. However, it was also influenced by the loss of £1.5m in charitable gifts and the threatened cancellation of over £100m more. This is indeed unfortunate, given that donations often fund bursaries and grants for underprivileged candidates.

Despite assurances that the decision was not chiefly influenced by financial considerations, the revelation has sparked accusations of Oriel bowing to pressure from donors. Evidently their influence was significant enough to force the College into an embarrassing climbdown, reframing its consultation as how best to contextualise the statue amid fears it would be plunged into financial turmoil.

It is disconcerting that a relatively small number of rich alumni wields such power over college politics. But in this instance, they clearly represent the majority. In a survey of almost 1,000 Oxford students conducted by Cherwell, 37 per cent supported the removal of Rhodes’ statue and 54 per cent opposed it. In a nationwide YouGov survey of over 1,700 participants, just 11 per cent supported its removal as compared to 59 per cent who opposed it.

Of course democracy often fails to represent the interests of minority groups. But to lump all BME students into the Rhodes Must Fall camp is lazy and inaccurate. Only 3 per cent more BME students in Cherwell‘s survey thought the statue should be removed than left standing, and over half felt it did not affect their experiences at Oxford.

The real success of Rhodes Must Fall so far has been generating renewed debate about Britain’s colonial history and, to a lesser extent, highlighting discrimination and the lack of diversity in curricula at Oxford. These are noble and worthwhile causes. However, its efforts have continued to focus on the statue itself, labelling it (and even Oriel’s innocuous initial response to its petition) as “violent”. To speak of the lasting structural effects of Rhodes’ actions is one thing; to lexically align the psychological and emotional responses of students to the statue with actual physical violence suffered by Rhodes’ victims in Southern Africa is quite another. Such rhetoric and other arguments like it are not only disingenuous, but have detracted from the real debate on improving education and non-discrimination at Oxford.

Now that the decision has been made, one can only hope that Rhodes Must Fall moves forward, reconstituting its efforts to focus not on the statue, but on these important ideals, which are supposed to be its raisons d’être.

Maybe darkness ain’t too bad

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Bewitched, bothered, and bewildered. The man who’d sat down opposite me was an eminent professor. My erstwhile friends to the left and right of me had fled the field of battle and were engaged intently in conversations with their less intimidating peers. After 20 years of non-stop inane babble, I was tongue- tied and useless. It was strangely like being on a first date and realising that you have nothing in common with the person you’re now socially obliged to spend the next few hours with. Or, at least, that’s what I imagine this would be like: dating is something you do with excavated archaeological samples. That’s not a joke about the age of my potential partners. This is a serious business, you know?

The generational and intellectual divide between my dinner companion and I was vast. I knew I couldn’t launch into a rant about films he hadn’t seen, or the deeper meanings behind Facebook stickers. What I needed was to find something in common, but, at the same time, wasn’t an objectionable choice for light and fluffy intercourse. Death’s remorseless scythe seemed cruel to talk about while I was still in the flushes of rosy-cheeked youth. Any mention of academia and I’d quickly reveal myself to be an imbecile. Finally, to much relief, I hit upon the issue of the day: the clocks were going back. Until the Tardis becomes a reality, we all have to share the same time. We could happily chat about the rationality of Daylight Saving Time until there was no daylight left to save. The mundane salvation we craved had been found.

“Changing the clocks gives you a bizarre feeling of secret power, doesn’t it? When else do we get to manufacture time?”

Like a chess Grandmaster who’d just triggered an inexorable slide towards checkmate, I leaned back in my chair. Your heroic protagonist, one: social anxiety, nil.

“Of course,” opined he, “it’s completely necessary. The barbarians of Europe can wake up to work in the darkness if they want, but the day hasn’t really started until the sun rises.”

Darkness and sleep; sleep and darkness; they should go together like Sinatra’s love and marriage, right? (Ol’ Blue Eyes himself loved marriage so much that he did it four times, and he still had the cheek to sing that song. I mean, I love Test Match Special, but I’m not going to propose to Jonathan Agnew.) The conversation reminded me that I’d read somewhere a theory that humans used to lie dormant for 12 hours in the winter; four hours asleep, four hours awake, and four asleep again. Little of use could be accomplished without the sun; flickering firelight impractical for hunting or farming.

Did our ancestors just spend this time watching the shadows, and waiting for dawn? Today, we can banish darkness at a moment’s notice; there’s nothing to fear from it. Everywhere we look it has been conquered. We know that the statistical likelihood of any as-yet undiscovered monsters lurking therein is about as high as a tungsten kite. None of this rationalisation prevented you, as a child, when the power went out, from huddling in the living room with your family, from risking infernos with poorly-constructed tea-light candles, from searching vainly for hand-held torch batteries. Even when you knew that in a few hours the lights would be back again.

You’re not alone or foolish in this; we stuck a jagged non-linear jump and a broken-record replay into the year so that we could stay in natural light for as long as possible. We’re so far from the darkness that used to be everywhere that in many countries you have to trek for miles from human civilisation just to see the stars at night; and when you do, you’re amazed that there are so many.

We are feeble candles. Our little hearts pump lukewarm blood around a body not that much warmer than the world outside. It’s winter and if you leave your house in an unwise choice of clothes and walk far enough you will freeze. The light we emit is in the infrared spectrum; its peak wavelength is somewhere close to 9.5 microns; it can’t be seen by human eyes. We need artificial aids to dispense with darkness. If anyone appears to be glowing particularly bright to you, it’s all in your head.

There’s not much that resembles the prehistoric phenomenon of being forced to wait for hours in the dark with fewer distractions than we have now; but, if you’re looking on the bright side, it’s pleasant to think that maybe all of this forced waking-waiting gave our forebears time to think. It’s possible, probable, that most of what we think of as culture: storytelling, mythology, music, philosophy – only begun to emerge from the bustle and business of day-to-day survival in the wee small hours when darkness held sway.

Maybe this was the beginning of the great deception; transforming the world from what it really is, and what it is when we’re not looking at it, into something more habitable, more palatable: erecting the scaffolding of civilisation to convince ourselves that the universe is something we can see and understand.

Eventually we’d fulfilled our social obligations and it became acceptable to leave: so we left, paths diverging, each one headed towards a different source of light.

Is this the end for Rhodes Must Fall?

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It would be extremely easy to paint this story in pantomime terms. Rumours are confirmed that the university would lose a £100 million donation if the statue were to fall, and simultaneously Oriel confirms that removal of the statue is no longer an option. They have stated, of course, that this is solely due to unrelated ‘overwhelming’ opposition to the idea, but it’s clear how else this could be seen: mysterious rich white donors pressure university from the shadows, peppy student activists raise a whirlwind that ends up being no more than a load of vainly expended hot air.  

Something may well smell rotten here, and not just Rhodes’ character. It is essential that we remain sceptical and do not mindlessly believe every statement that we are presented with, but nonetheless a black and white approach to this question is only going to be a disservice to the university and to Oriel’s Governing Body. More importantly, though, it would be both misleading and counterproductive.  

As imposing and dystopian as the term ‘Governing Body’ frankly does sound, and as unrepresentative as our University administration is – remember that Oxford has one, that is one full time black don – the college and university have a complex set of responsibilities, and it would be naive to ignore the importance of funding, even if Oxford does have the fastest growing endowment of any university in Europe. 

Oriel’s declared plan was to hold a six month ‘structured listening exercise’ to decide on the fate of the statue, something that does make the sudden change rather surprising, if not suspect. This exercise has now been downgraded to a space for discussion of other questions concerning it, primarily contextualisation and how this could be done. ‘Contextualisation’ of course means nothing more or less than what it says on the tin, the act of providing additional information or context to visual elements. It might seem unexciting and rather like a non-action, but in fact goes to the heart of the debate. 

What really stirs up members of the RMF movement, and what should stir us all up, is our collective failure to recognise the atrocities committed under and for the furthering of the British Empire (and colonialism more widely). To put it brutally, Churchill – was implicated in colonial policies of subjugation, famously claiming he had not become the King’s “First Minister to preside over the liquidation of the Empire.” But today, for good or ill, these aspects of his political career are simply not part of our everyday picture of Churchill. Whatever your political views, that is simply unacceptable (though do feel free to reject the example; there are plenty more). Equally unacceptable, however, would be to see him as nothing more than that: we have to engage with all aspects of our history. 

Contextualisation, then, is not necessarily a cop-out. Done well, it can have a transformative power and achieve something along the lines of what both Vice-Chancellor Louise Richardson and Mary Beard have called for: a world where the statue of Rhodes is a memorial to every aspect of our history rather than only to the benefits gained by white people, and where that façade does not exclude BME students and applicants but reassures them that this university is aware of and pointedly inquisitive about its past. 

If Oriel is to achieve anything close to this, they must be painstakingly transparent about their proceedings. Colonial history is as complex and misleading as this sort of thing can get, and contextualisation of the statue would sit at a highly charged point of interaction between these complex histories and the current national and international state of racial injustice. Racism is simply not dead, even in the UK, and so it is essential that this transparency work together with a simple and honest humility. 

But what are Rhodes Must Fall in Oxford to do? They are taking time to regroup and strategise, sensibly, and their options are extremely open. Their focus on that lump of sandstone has been enormously successful at provoking debate, and they would do well to celebrate that victory. There is naturally the option of some guerilla vandalism and a shift into some 1968-style radical methods, but this would of course be rather dangerous, from both an ethical and a pragmatic perspective. Further campaigning about the statue is unlikely to lead anywhere, at least in the foreseeable future, but there is no reason why they should not embrace the hard work of OUSU’s Campaign for Racial Awareness and Equality and reshape into something new, maintaining their commendable mindfulness of the legacy – or perhaps continuing presence – of colonialism. 

Oriel announces Rhodes will not fall

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Oriel College has ruled out removing its controversial statue of industrialist and colonialist Cecil Rhodes following a meeting of its governing body, purportedly due to pressure from donors.

The Telegraph claims to have seen leaked documents that confirm that Oriel’s considerations and previous statement that it might be amenable to removing the statue have resulted in the cancellation of more than £1.5 million in donations, and “the College now fears a proposed £100m gift” might be in jeopardy.

The college has not confirmed that financial pressure was a major factor in the decision taken. The Guardian has claimed in an article published on its website last night that, “Oxford University confirmed that it had been warned of the possibility that it would lose £100m in gifts and bequests should the statue be taken down but a spokesman said the financial implications were not the primary consideration.”

The Telegraph added that Sean Power, Director of Development at Oriel College, told Governing Body that the college’s decision to remove a plaque with Rhodes’ name and consider the statue’s removal could be immensely damaging to Oriel’s long term finances.

According to the publication, Power said, “Pride in the institution is major currency when it comes to fundraising, and this has already been severally diminished. “The fact that Rhodes was the College’s most generous benefactor only compounds the issue; ‘is this how we treat our donors’ etc.”

The Telegraph wrote that as a result, “Oriel is now preparing to make redundancies among its staff because of the collapse in donations. And it has cancelled an annual fundraising drive that should have taken place in April. It could now make an operating loss of around £200,000 this year.”

Complicating the issue is that the Trustee Act 2000 imposes a duty of care on trustees of a charity, one of the most important of which is that the trustee avoids “exposing the charity’s assets, beneficiaries or reputation to undue risk” and makes “balanced and adequately informed decisions, thinking about the long term as well as the short term”. Accordingly, Oriel would be found to be breaching its duties if it did not follow through on those responsibilities.

Nigel Biggar, Professor of Theology at Oxford, told Cherwell, “Oriel’s Governing Body have been wise to stop pandering to the shouty zealotry of the Rhodes Must Fall group, and their unscrupulous manipulation of history. Maybe RMF’s claim that Oxford’s curricula should contain more non-Western material has merit, but the charge that Rhodes was South Africa’s Hitler is sheer fabrication.

“RMF needs to stop posturing and start learning the discipline of responsible argument. The rebuff that is Oriel’s reversal could help to teach that.”

The Rhodes Must Fall in Oxford (RMFO) movement has argued that the statue is both symbolically and literally exclusive and creates an unwelcome environment for ethnic minority students, especially South Africans. They have claimed that the statue represents how the University of Oxford and is littered with vestiges of colonialism, for instance in its syllabi and the racial makeup of its staff.

When reached for comment, RMFO said, “We are not responding to media requests for now. We as a group need time to reflect on our strategy moving forward, and will respond when this decision has been made collectively.”

In a statement, Oriel said, “Over the past few months, there has been intense debate about how Cecil Rhodes is commemorated in Oxford, and particularly about the Rhodes statue on Oriel College’s High Street frontage. Oriel believes that this issue needs to be addressed in a spirit of free speech and open debate, with a readiness to listen to divergent views. The College’s intention, by releasing its statement in December was to open debate and listen to the response.

“Since that announcement we have received an enormous amount of input including comments from students and academics, alumni, heritage bodies, national and student polls and a further petition, as well as over 500 direct written responses to the College. The overwhelming message we have received has been in support of the statue remaining in place, for a variety of reasons.

“Following careful consideration, the College’s Governing Body has decided that the statue should remain in place, and that the College will seek to provide a clear historical context to explain why it is there.

“The College will do the same in respect of the plaque to Rhodes in King Edward Street. The College believes the recent debate has underlined that the continuing presence of these historical artefacts is an important reminder of the complexity of history and of the legacies of colonialism still felt today. By adding context, we can help draw attention to this history, do justice to the complexity of the debate, and be true to our educational mission.”

With additional reporting by Dan Sutton and David Lawton.