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Culture Vulture

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The Woman in Black
Released 10th February
Daniel Radcliffe potters from one gothic location to the next, but now something a little more menacing than Rupert Grint lurks in the shadows. Based on the Susan Hill novel. Cinemas nationwide. 

The Woman in Black

Released 10th February Cinemas Nationwide

Daniel Radcliffe potters from one gothic location to the next, but now something a little more menacing than Rupert Grint lurks in the shadows. Based on the Susan Hill novel.

 

Turl Street Arts Festival

11th-19th February

 A week long celebration of the arts on Turl Street, featuring a production of West Side Story, free concerts, an art exhibition, and a fashion show. Visit www.tsaf.co.uk for more details.

 

Simon Munnery

North Wall Arts Centre, 11th February

The comedian’s comedian descends on Oxford, as usual dragging a unique, innovative and hilarious show in his wake. Featuring foaming bubble hats and punk airship musicals. 

Tickets £12/£10, doors 8pm.

 

The film BAFTAs

12th February, BBC1, 9pm, now available on iplayer

Warm up for the Oscars with Orange’s film awards, with a red carpet show followed by the awards. Tune in, whether dresses or Drive are your thing. 

Blues and Jazz Jam night

Copa Oxford, 14th February

Oxford Jazzsoc opens up the floor to anybody who fancies their chances in their Big Jam.

Tickets £4/£2, Doors 8.30pm

Freshwoman

Burton Taylor Studio, 14th- 18th February

A new comedy sketch show following the trials and misadventures of Mathilde du Belle’s first term at Oxford in the 1920s.

Tickets £6/£5, Doors 9pm for 9.30 

 

University Orchestra

Sheldonian Theatre, 17th Febuary

Oxford’s premier orchestral body perform Bartok’s The Miraculous Mandarin and Shostakovich’s Symphony No.10 in an event anticipated as the highlight of the Oxford classical music calendar. 

Tickets £12/6, doors 8pm.

 

 

Milja, Movies and Mephisto

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Milja Fenger never intended to come to Oxford. Born in a small town in Holland, she came to England for the first time when she was eighteen to take part in a two week directing course at East 15 drama school, famous for its unusual rehearsal methods, many of which Fenger has adapted for her own rehearsals.

I ask about a technique she uses called laughter runs.  ‘Laughing is actually really hard – we need to laugh more. I thought that if people had giggle fits together, then they wouldn’t be ashamed of opening up in front of each other. English people are often quite guarded – they’re scared of doing something wrong so I make them do something crazy.

‘I don’t think good acting is about being slick or witty, it’s about emotion and freeing your own imagination.’

To date Fenger has written over fifteen plays, and with her second full-length play, I Am Green, she was accepted onto the Royal Court’s Young Writers Program. Her first screenplay – The Road Home, about an Indian boy brought up in England who is forced to return to India – has toured over 50 festivals world-wide as well as winning the Jury Award at the Palm Springs Festival and shortlisted for the Best Short Film Oscar for 2012.

I ask a little more about Mephisto, the play she is directing at the Oxford Playhouse in 6th week. Based on the autobiographical novel by Klaus Mann, Mephisto tells the true story of the rise and fall of a radical cabaret troupe during Hitler’s rise to power. Fenger is hesitant to give too much away; ‘Mephisto is an incredible story: it’s about sexuality and race and politics and moral compromise. And it’s about the power and responsibility of theatre – most of the play takes place in various dingy theatres with the actors playing actors and performing to another audience: its very ‘meta’.’

Moving on, I mention something about student drama ultimately being about having fun. She chuckles, ‘I didn’t do it for fun. I did it for a challenge and because I think it’s an incredible story and a brilliant cast. At the moment I don’t have a life, I just have rehearsals – about 40 hours a week. I don’t even see my own boyfriend!’

Why, then, does Fenger do it? ‘It’s important to think about how other people live. Living is hard and it’s not easy to make decisions. This is where theatre can help us – at its best theatre can be extraordinarily powerful – and I love that. If there is anything that I do well it’s just because I am curious about the world and about human nature.’

Finally, I couldn’t help but ask what was coming up next for such an accomplished and up-and-coming director. Again she is hesitant to give too much away, ‘I have been commissioned to write a feature film. I can’t say for whom because you will know what the film is about. All I can say is that it’s set in Columbia…’

I try my luck to find out some details. ‘I’m sorry – confidentiality contract! As for theatre, I’ve said in the past that Mephisto would be my last play in Oxford as I should really get back to studying – I love my course- but actually I might do just one more…’

Preview: Chekhov’s Shorts

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Despite his best efforts, Chekhov’s works are often more tragic than funny.  Director Jessie Norman, in this production of seven of his short plays, intends to offer an antithesis to this common perception. From the pun-inspired posters to the physical comedy and absurdist humour, these plays promise to be light, finely-tuned and about as far from The Seagull as it is possible to get.

The excerpt I was shown consisted of two ten minute plays, The Alien Corn and The Sneeze. The first was an exchange between a brash Russian landowner, Kamyshev, and  a timid French tutor, Champugne, who has stayed on the Russian man’s estate despite the fact that all the children have grown up and left home. Chekhov, being Chekhov, uses the mild xenophobia of the landowner to reveal something of his loneliness, and the interplay between the narrator’s introduction and the sketch itself is what brings the piece out of the realm of pure comedy.

The Sneeze, while also very light on the surface, equally drew out the terror of a junior official at the prospect of offending his superior. The actors will all take on several roles across the seven plays, and even in the two shorts I saw showed an admirable versatility – special mention should go to Ed Barr-Sim for his leap from morose servitude as a footman to panicky fervour as the minor official in the second play.

Although I did not see set or costumes, the plans sound interesting and innovative. The scene changes, Norman tells me, will be effected by the actors themselves without the use of blackouts, to give a parlour or music-hall air to proceedings.

The most exciting aspect of the set promises to be a live string quartet, with music composed specifically for the production. The Sneeze used the string music to add to the physical comedy, and the music will also be used to choreograph the scene changes.

If all goes to plan, this promises to be both a fun and polished production. The short pieces I saw were well rehearsed and, for the most part, trod the line between comedy and farce well. The Sneeze veered a little into over-hammed comedy, as much must be communicated by face and gesture, but this will probably be tempered by the first night.

Overall, I was impressed by the strong cast of versatile actors and some excellent and innovative direction. 

4 stars

The elephant in the room

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ust wanted great art’ is how Howard Hodgkin, famous print-maker and painter, explains the rationale behind his collection of Indian paintings. His collection, exhibited in full for the first time at the Ashmolean this spring, is an eclectic medley of sketches, portraits, marblings, large-scale paintings and mini-scenes. Although the Ashmolean has sought to group the pieces into regional sections (the Mughal, the Daccani, the Pahari etc.), this grouping is only superficially successful. The paintings are so soaked in the culture of the nation that they form a cohesive representation of the various styles of national art than they do of regional styles. 
The exhibition opens with a simple statement from Hodgkin: ‘These pictures were chosen because I thought they were beautiful … and not for any scholarly purposes.’ 
In the first room, Moghul, the paintings are a riot of colourfully clashing hunters and leopards; mythological lady archers, and doped up dervishes, mixed in with sober portraits of elephants, maharajas, and yet more elephants. There’s even one named ‘Lord of happiness’, who is decorated with enough bells to adorn the feet of a dozen dancers. 
These sedate elephant portraits are beautiful, but the next rooms celebrate a different side of these powerful animals. In one stunning mixed media picture an elephant crashes in from the left side of the composition, splaying a shrieking Guernica-like horse beneath it. The animals are rendered in simple brush drawing but it is the background which makes the picture: a whirligig of vibrant and abstract marbling which dramatises the conflict, swirling around and about the clashing beasts in a pulsating, technicolour roar of expressive pattern. 
Violence is countered with very different kinds of paintings. Only a little further on, in an architecturally mapped-out courtyard, a nobleman sporting a pair of pink slippers gazes ruminatively at a goose. In the next room, in a three scene composition, a nobleman is entertained by the ladies of his court. He is shown watching a dancer perform, bathing in a pool, and helping the women to gather blossoms which hover and float about the scene, as though the figures have stumbled into a snowstorm of pink petals. 
It is a very eclectic mix of paintings. There is certainly no ‘scholarly purpose,’ as Hodgkin puts it, but it is a beautiful selection, built up and honed over a lifetime. Even if the 115 paintings that we can see have little relation to each other, they are each individually beautiful.   

‘I just wanted great art’ is how Howard Hodgkin, famous print-maker and painter, explains the rationale behind his collection of Indian paintings. His collection, exhibited in full for the first time at the Ashmolean this spring, is an eclectic medley of sketches, portraits, marblings, large-scale paintings and mini-scenes. Although the Ashmolean has sought to group the pieces into regional sections (the Mughal, the Daccani, the Pahari etc.), this grouping is only superficially successful. The paintings are so soaked in the culture of the nation that they form a cohesive representation of the various styles of national art than they do of regional styles. 

The exhibition opens with a simple statement from Hodgkin: ‘These pictures were chosen because I thought they were beautiful … and not for any scholarly purposes.’

In the first room, Moghul, the paintings are a riot of colourfully clashing hunters and leopards; mythological lady archers, and doped up dervishes, mixed in with sober portraits of elephants, maharajas, and yet more elephants. There’s even one named ‘Lord of happiness’, who is decorated with enough bells to adorn the feet of a dozen dancers. 

These sedate elephant portraits are beautiful, but the next rooms celebrate a different side of these powerful animals. In one stunning mixed media picture an elephant crashes in from the left side of the composition, splaying a shrieking Guernica-like horse beneath it. The animals are rendered in simple brush drawing but it is the background which makes the picture: a whirligig of vibrant and abstract marbling which dramatises the conflict, swirling around and about the clashing beasts in a pulsating, technicolour roar of expressive pattern. 

Violence is countered with very different kinds of paintings. Only a little further on, in an architecturally mapped-out courtyard, a nobleman sporting a pair of pink slippers gazes ruminatively at a goose. In the next room, in a three scene composition, a nobleman is entertained by the ladies of his court. He is shown watching a dancer perform, bathing in a pool, and helping the women to gather blossoms which hover and float about the scene, as though the figures have stumbled into a snowstorm of pink petals.

It is a very eclectic mix of paintings. There is certainly no ‘scholarly purpose,’ as Hodgkin puts it, but it is a beautiful selection, built up and honed over a lifetime. Even if the 115 paintings that we can see have little relation to each other, they are each individually beautiful.   

Masters at Work

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What came first, the teaching or the writing?
I used to write when I was very young, a student, but I never had anything published. I have been teaching for years but I only really started writing plays seven or eight years ago.
How do you juggle your time?
Writing is a hobby; I do it in my spare time and so it is the first thing to give. If you don’t really have an idea then you just don’t write anything.
How does your work as Director of Computing Services fit in with your English teaching?
My PhD is in English and I have always kept teaching English. I wanted to do that because a lot of the work I do or used to do with the Computing Services was to show how to use computers to teach. I used to write things for the web to help people understand literature. 
Is your inspiration for your plays rooted in your research?
I would say it starts with an idea and then I might do some research around it. The first play that I wrote [The Ghosts May Laugh] was set during the First World War and that came out of a lot of work I was doing on the War Poets. With other things you might just read something and find an interesting or curious idea. You never know where it’s going to come from.
Have you ever written anything other than plays?
I’ve never tried poetry. Well, I’ve tried it, but being a critic of poetry is a lot easier than writing it. I’ve written short stories in the past but I never really did anything with them. I like plays because you concentrate on the dialogue and don’t need to worry about the prose surrounding it. There is a level of control with that which is quite fun.
Tell us more about your political play Quiz Night at the Britannia, set in a pub facing closure.
I was in the States for three months in MIT and I was bored, so I wrote the play. At the time I was sick to death of Blair and all that was going on with spin-doctors. I didn’t do anything with it for years until a director called me, suggesting we put it on in a pub at the Fringe where we wouldn’t need to build a set. I thought I’d better look at it again as it was 7 years old and there’s a new government, but actually I hardly had to change anything. That was great fun and it sold out. In fact they’re talking about touring pubs in Oxford with it now.
Are you working on anything at the moment?
I’ve been playing around with a radio dramatization of a story by Tolkien but I’m not sure it  will go anywhere due to issues of rights and so on. I’ve got another play for which I’ve written just a few lines of dialogue. I tend to sit down, think of a funny few lines and write them, and then I start to piece them all together.

What came first, the teaching or the writing?

I used to write when I was very young, a student, but I never had anything published. I have been teaching for years but I only really started writing plays seven or eight years ago.

How do you juggle your time?

Writing is a hobby; I do it in my spare time and so it is the first thing to give. If you don’t really have an idea then you just don’t write anything.

How does your work as Director of Computing Services fit in with your English teaching?

My PhD is in English and I have always kept teaching English. I wanted to do that because a lot of the work I do or used to do with the Computing Services was to show how to use computers to teach. I used to write things for the web to help people understand literature. 

Is your inspiration for your plays rooted in your research?

I would say it starts with an idea and then I might do some research around it. The first play that I wrote [The Ghosts May Laugh] was set during the First World War and that came out of a lot of work I was doing on the War Poets. With other things you might just read something and find an interesting or curious idea. You never know where it’s going to come from.

Have you ever written anything other than plays?

I’ve never tried poetry. Well, I’ve tried it, but being a critic of poetry is a lot easier than writing it. I’ve written short stories in the past but I never really did anything with them. I like plays because you concentrate on the dialogue and don’t need to worry about the prose surrounding it. There is a level of control with that which is quite fun.

Tell us more about your political play Quiz Night at the Britannia, set in a pub facing closure.

I was in the States for three months in MIT and I was bored, so I wrote the play. At the time I was sick to death of Blair and all that was going on with spin-doctors. I didn’t do anything with it for years until a director called me, suggesting we put it on in a pub at the Fringe where we wouldn’t need to build a set. I thought I’d better look at it again as it was 7 years old and there’s a new government, but actually I hardly had to change anything. That was great fun and it sold out. In fact they’re talking about touring pubs in Oxford with it now.

Are you working on anything at the moment?

I’ve been playing around with a radio dramatization of a story by Tolkien but I’m not sure it  will go anywhere due to issues of rights and so on. I’ve got another play for which I’ve written just a few lines of dialogue. I tend to sit down, think of a funny few lines and write them, and then I start to piece them all together.

Eyes On The Prize

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Can Santos successfully defend the trophy? How will Corinthians respond to last year’s shock early exit? Are Internacional capable of a repeat of 2010’s success? Will Flamengo CF put their off-field problems behind them? Can Vasco da Gama make the step up from the Copa Sudamericana? Are Fluminense genuine contenders?

 

Corinthians

Manager: Tite

Key Player: Liédson 

Last Season: First Round

South America’s equivalent of Chelsea and the UEFA Champions League. Despite numerous attempts, strong financial backing and an almost obsessive fascination with the competition, the 2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Champions are yet to win the trophy that has eluded them for such a long time. They will go into this year’s tournament intent on avenging their shock preliminary round exit to Colombian minnows Deportes Tolima last year. Timão have a strong spine running throughout the team in the form of goalkeeper Júlio César, defender Paulo André, midfielder Paulinho and striker Liédson. Tite has established a solid if not spectacular team and their success will, in part, rely on the creativity of attacking midfielder Alex.

 

Flamengo CF 

Manager: Joel Santana

Key Player: Vágner Love

Last Season: Did Not Qualify

Off the field politics will determine how far Rubro-Negro progress in this year’s tournament. After a 10-match winless run that derailed last season’s title bid combined with divisions within the camp, former South African manager Joel Santana was brought in to replace Vanderlei Luxemburgo. Whilst his emphasis will be putting defence first he’ll be hoping that Ronaldinho Gaúcho can capture the form that he showed in the first few months following his return to Brazil last year. Much expectation will be heaped on the shoulders of the January Transfer Window signing from CSKA Moscow Vágner Love, to supply the goals for a team that possesses a good deal of attacking quality.

 

Fluminense

Manager: Abel Braga

Key Player: Wellington Nem

Last Season: Round of 16

The Rio-based team last reached the final in 2008, losing out to Ecuador’s LDU Quito. Led by experienced manager Abel Braga, who won the Copa Libertadores in 2006 with Internacional, Tricolor’s chances of progressing far in this tournament will depend heavily on the form of their strikers Rafael Sóbis and, in particular, Fred. The former has impressed during his loan spell from the United Arab Emirates side Al Jazira, whilst the latter has been a constant source of goals since his move from Olympique Lyonnais in 2009. The two are well supported in attack by the vastly experienced Deco, the recently signed Thiago Neves and the talented left-footed attacking midfielder Wellington Nem.

 

Internacional

Manager: Dorival Júnior

Key Player: Leandro Damião

Last Season: Round of 16

Colorado’s scintillating attacking firepower, spearheaded by the highly-coveted 22-year-old striker Leandro Damião and supported by the influential Argentine quartet of captain Andrés D’Alessandro, who recently turned down a lucrative move to join Nicolas Anelka at Chinese side Shanghai Shenhua, recent arrival Jesus Dátolo from Espanyol, a previous winner of the competition with Boca Juniors in 2007, Mario Bolatti and Pablo Guiñazú, should more than make up for the sides defensive frailties. If Inter can keep their attacking options fit then there’s no reason why the Porto Alegre-based team can’t progress to the latter stages of the competition and maybe even win the famous trophy for the second time in as many years.

 

Santos

Manager: Muricy Ramalho

Key Player: Neymar

Last Season: Champions

Having overcome Uruguay’s Peñarol to win the competition last year and thus ending their 49 year drought, Peixe will be eagerly looking to repeat their success of twelve months ago. Whilst they look short in defence following the departure of defenders Alex Sandro and Danilo to FC Porto, their main strength lies in the midfield and striking departments. With midfielders Elano and Arouca shielding the defence, creative licence will be given to their No.10 Paulo Henrique Ganso who’s struggling to capture the form that caught the attention of the footballing world in 2010. Striker Borges will look to carry on from his sensational form in 2011 whilst Neymar will again be the team’s pivotal figure.

 

Vasco da Gama

Manager: Cristóvão Borges

Key Player: Dedé

Last Season: Did Not Qualify

Winners of the Copa do Brasil, semi-finalists in the Copa Sudamericana and runners-up in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série AGigante da Colina enjoyed a terrific 2011. Can they continue their success into 2012? Led from the back by the highly-rated centre-back Dedé who was influential in the team maintaining the best defensive records in Brazil, Borges’s team are notoriously hard to break down. Much of their creativity will rely on Juninho Pernambucano but questions remain as to whether he can maintain his fitness throughout the tournament. And whilst another cause for concern is that of the lack of depth in the squad, the team’s persistency and experience could well be priceless.

 

Twitter: @aleksklosok

And the Oscar goes to…?

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It’s that time again. I know we’ve had the Golden Globes and the BAFTAs, but this one’s the big one. The 84th Academy Awards, jam-packed with gushing acceptance speeches, dazzling smiles and floor sweeping dresses beamed to you all the way from the shiny bright Kodak Theatre, the venue of choice for the Hollywood elite.

2010 was The Hurt Locker versus Avatar, 2011 The King’s Speech versus The Social Network and this year? Actually it’s been blown wide open. Silent movie The Artist is an obvious favourite with the ‘novelty factor’ bringing back the good old days. This film’s ten nominations include Jean Dujardin for best actor, Berenice Bejo for actress in a supporting role and this movie is also in contention for the much coveted best picture award. However, it’s not going to be easy. For a start the Actor In a Leading Role category is crammed with the likes of George Clooney for his highly emotive performance in The Descendants, Brad Pitt’s in there for his portrayal of Oakland A Manager ‘Billy Beane’ in Moneyball (an actual decent sports movie!) and not forgetting the nod to Gary Oldman for British film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, the adaptation of John Le Carre’s  1974 spy novel. So that category’s anyone’s guess.

Perhaps most interesting is the 11 nominations for Scorsese’s 3D fantasy Hugo. For those of you who haven’t seen this astounding piece of cinematography, its set in 1930s Paris and tells the remarkable story of an orphaned boy who goes on a quest to discover the secret held by a broken automaton. Not convinced? Believe me this is the one to watch.

Then there’s the Actress In a Leading Role category. For the ladies it’s been the year of the biopic with Michelle Williams nominated for her incarnation of Marilyn Monroe and Meryl Streep taking on the role of the mighty Margaret Thatcher. A nod also goes to Viola Davis who plays maid Aibileen Clark in The Help, a film set in Civil Rights era America managing to balance just the right amount of comedy and weighty drama. I think we all know that Meryl’s got it sewn up for The Iron Lady, but with relative newcomer Rooney Mara in there for her turn as feisty oddball Lisbeth Salander in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo you never know what might happen.

And the most important one? The Best Picture category contains an abundance of drama with the epic War Horse, 3D Hugo and black and white movie The Artist going head to head. The Help with its watchability factor and the heart-wrenching tale of The Descendants are fair contenders. It seems the winner of the category could be any of the above, however, Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close is a film slipped in amidst the box office smashes. This film starring Oscar royalty Sandra Bullock and Tom Hanks features first-time actor Oskar Schell as an eleven-year old New Yorker left a key by his father after 9/11. His search across the city unfolds into an extraordinary tale of discovery. It’s not released in the UK until February 17th but with its great cast, serious storyline and a hero to root for, this could be the dark horse of the Academy Awards.

Predictions made, all will be revealed on February 26th. I know I’ll be there…

Decades in Film: the 60s

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I re-watched The Graduate over New Years Eve, as a sort of ‘celebration’—not exactly a party (I was alone, sprawled on my bed in my parents house). But there was the requisite alcohol, and, besides, it wasn’t mods revision.  

Perhaps because of the circumstances, the opening sequence struck me as a sort of devastating epiphany, in a way it had not in my first, 12-year-old viewing. Benjamin Braddock—arriving in the Los Angeles airport, after graduating from an un-specified college ‘back east’—was, in some sense, me. There was the superficial similarity—I’d also flown back home (in my case, from Oxford to New York). But the mechanical voiceover (‘Ladies and gentleman…’), Benjamin’s blank, vaguely bewildered, face against the greyish-white walls, and, of course, Simon and Garfunkel’s haunting, unforgettable ‘Sounds of Silence’, captured something I’d felt, but couldn’t quite express: a crushing combination of apathy and alienation, a sense of being somehow dislocated in a place I knew all too well. 

Then comes the graduation-party, with its culmination, in a piece of advice from one of Benjamin’s parent’s friends: ‘plastics.’ It’s a hilarious, one-word, skewering of the middle class notions of success, dangled before a disaffected, yet directionless, Benjamin. In my stressed-out state, this also rang ridiculously true. Despite the fact that my degree is hardly career-oriented, wasn’t I, after all, studying so hard, so I could be what someone else vapidly calls Benjamin, ‘our award-winning scholar’? Yet again, The Graduate just got it. 

At the same time, The Graduate is a very 60s take on the disenchantment of privileged post-adolescents. While, unlike Easy Rider—the other iconic film of the period—there are no hippie communes or acid trips, The Graduate is deeply embedded in youth counterculture, with its critique of the status quo. Whether in the form of plastics, or (even more famously) Mrs. Robinson, the innocent, awkward Benjamin faces seduction by the older generation, portrayed as hollow and corrupt. But the affair grows stale and dissatisfying—as another apt Simon and Garfunkel track puts it, ‘a love once new has now grown old’—and Benjamin turns his attentions to her fresh-faced daughter, Elaine Robinson. The result will be more-or-less predictable to anyone familiar with movie romances, but perfectly evokes the thrill—and profound uncertainty—of the young characters’ brave new world.  

Africa’s Caesar: the paradox of Paul Kagame

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In 1994 Rwanda burst into the popular imagination of the world, seared by a genocide that was for most observers so terrible and incomprehensible it beggared belief. Yet despite its seismic impact, there has been little sustained interest in the complex figure who contributed so much to the genocide’s conclusion. Paul Kagame, the current President of Rwanda and leader of the RPF army which expelled the genocidal government in 1994, stands as a towering figure in Central Africa, yet debate over his place in history and direction of Rwanda today remains vitriolic among observers of Rwanda.

For some Kagame is a visionary leader and peace bringer. His remarkable “Rubicorn”, taking over a demoralised and defeated RPF army in 1990 and rebuilding it, isolated and alone, into a force that could defeat the French backed genocidal government of Habyarimana, remains a remarkable military feat. It arguably saved thousands of lives while the UN stood idle.

In the early years of his rule, many foreign commentators declared him a “Renaissance Leader”, one of a new generation of African governors who would end endemic problems of corruption and misrule. His reforms to the business environment of post-genocide Rwanda have been met with widespread approval, with Fortune magazine running an article entitled “Why CEOs love Rwanda”. His austere style, focus on domestic order and discipline have also won him a reputation as an impassive and tireless reformer. Yet for many Rwandans it has been Kagame’s ability to secure some measure of peace and security in the troubled state that is Kagame’s greatest achievement.

However, Kagame’s drive and discipline have a darker side. Amnesty International has reported extensively on widespread human rights violations by the security forces, particularly within the judicial system and against critical journalists.  Multiparty democracy within the country has largely failed. More accusations accuse Kagame of ruthless annihilation of opposition; including the murder of Seth Sendashonga, a prominent opposition figure, in 1998. All of these factors have prompted increased nervousness among Western observers. Surely their idol could not have feet of clay. Surely Kagame could not have fallen to the same curse as Caesar – the lure of ultimate power?

The most dangerous accusation for Kagame, however, has been a persistent claim from many within and without Rwanda that he favours his minority Tutsi ethnicity over the majority Hutu. The uninvestigated abuses and killing of Hutus by RPF soldiers within Rwanda and in the Democratic Republic of Congo remain a significant challenge to his reputation for upholding the rule of law. To some it appears there is one law for the Hutu and one for Kagame’s Tutsi.

Yet perhaps the most Caesaresque of Kagame’s traits is his boundless ambition. On Rwanda’s chance of achieving South Asian style growth within a generation he categorically stated, “We can and we want to. We are convinced – very very convinced. We want to do it and we will”.

Despite the monumental challenges that face Rwanda in every sphere, Kagame is driven by this desire to achieve the “impossible”. Even this ambition is tempered with a darker side. Kagame’s expeditions into the DRC from 1998 – 2003, and use of the concept of “Greater Rwanda”, a medieval kingdom incorporating parts of the DRC, have led to accusation that he longs for territorial expansion. It is difficult to assess the seriousness of these claims, yet it is certainly true that Kagame has not shied away from operations on Congolese soil where it might be in the interests of Rwandans.  

Who is this man Paul Kagame? Whatever the similarities, it would be the grossest simplification to simply dismiss him as a Caesar. He has boundless ambition, determination and discipline, yet these are coupled with a deeply ruthless streak. All of these are harnessed in his pursuit of a modern Rwanda, yet a Rwanda for whom? The Tutsi elite from which he hails, or all Rwandans, regardless of ethnicity?

Perhaps the best way to understand Kagame is through a quote, made on the 10th Anniversary of the genocide which shaped a nation. “We cannot turn the clock back nor can we undo the harm we caused but we have the power to determine the future and to ensure what happened never happens again.” Within this quote, we see the twin themes that have defined Kagame’s life; the genocide and a relentless drive for a Rwanda shaped in the image of his dream. Woe betide those who stand in his way.

It is too early to make a complete judgement on Kagame’s rule of Rwanda except to say this. It is tremendously difficult to understand or quantify the changes, complexities and tragedies the 1994 genocide has caused in modern Rwanda. Kagame, at tremendous human cost, has brought a measure of stability and governance to Rwanda, which, however temporary, has not be seen in several generations. Whether this is enough to secure his legacy and his dreams only time will tell.