Wednesday 2nd July 2025
Blog Page 1951

Progressive after all?

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This newspaper produced an issue this week that formed a wholesale attack on the Browne Report and its recommendations. Though well-meaning, such an attack was wrong. A new IFS report shows that the Browne proposals actually function almost identically to a graduate tax, and the further fees rise the more tax-like Browne becomes. Moreover, fee raising will have absolutely no negative effect on low earning graduates – indeed it might save some of them money.

 

Press coverage of Browne naturally focused on the removal of a tuition fee cap, and filled newspaper pages with doom and gloom pictures of an elitist US system. However hidden within a report I doubt most journalists have read, are measures designed to protect those who go on to earn less than their graduate peers. The interest rate charged, for example, is tiered according to income, so those with high earnings (above £28,000) pay a full 2.2% above inflation whilst those earning below £21,000 pay no such premium. Most students will have their debt simply written of after 30 years, freeing them from the burden of repayments they hadn’t yet made. Indeed the IFS report shows that this is a far more progressive alternative to the status quo, and protects the worst off just as effectively as a full scale tax.

 

The key difference between Browne and a graduate tax, is that a fee based system maintains a link between student and university. Where fees are charged, the money paid by graduates goes to the university that educated them, allowing some freedom for institutions from the whims of government. A graduate tax on the other hand, pours all money into a central pot for government distribution, placing universities wholly at the mercy of fickle policymakers.

 

Fee is a nasty word, and it rightly scares us into protecting those who are placed most at risk by them. However if we are going to allow more people to access university, we have to pay for it. Unlimited fees are on their own the most dangerous of beasts; but when restrained and remoulded to extract more from those most able to pay, and to relieve those most in need from the burden of debt, they can allow us to ensure top quality university education for those who follow us without confining the least fortunate to a lifetime of unbearable debt.

The Clothing of a Connecticut Yankee in Oxford

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Every day, from the time we groggily hit the snooze buttons on our alarm clocks ’til we fall back into bed at night, the choices we make define us. It’s not just the big, life-altering decisions that have the power to change our lives forever; the small things, the little details, that make us who we are can contribute to how others perceive us and function as a sign of who we are, who we have been, and who we might grow to be. While it might seem cliché to say that first impressions are everything, appearances at first sight do play a large role in such self-determination. And it is clothes which contribute to the making of our appearances.

Attending Oxford, a university in an ancient city more than 3,500 miles away from the place I call home, has only given greater clarity to my understanding of this fact. Born in New York and raised in Connecticut, the values I was imbued with as a child and the culture I was immersed in for eighteen years made me the person I am today. They also marked me with attributes that set me apart when I was transplanted here, to a community less homogenous in addition to being foreign.

The very clothes I wear out of long-formed habit are some of the most visible markers, from head to toe. Starting with grosgrain-ribbon headbands, followed by polo shirts and oxfords covered by cable-knit sweaters and Shep shirts, which sit atop madras skirts or Nantucket reds or corduroy or khaki across which a pattern of tiny whales march, culminating in Sperry Top-Siders, scuffed and patched with duct tape, or L.L. Bean moccasins.

Even seasonal pieces serve as indicators, whether tartan wool pea coats in winter or brightly patterned Lilly Pulitzer shift dresses in summer. Classic clothes which last forever are an all-encompassing hallmark, with wardrobe choices bypassing the trendy, tacky, and synthetic in favour of the durable and timeless. Monogrammed totes, J. Press ties, colourful flip-flops, and strands of pearls all blend together in an amalgam of prepdom.

Other, less obvious signs, from where you went to school and college, to your city or town of origin, to the sports you play or the places you’ve travelled, right down to your family and friends, are even truer gauges. But the attire you are garbed in forms a first impression, and can in itself give away many of these details, if the observer has something to connect them to. At home in New England or New York, up and down the eastern seaboard, this kind of appearance is a dead giveaway of such things.

But here in Oxford, there’s a little more of a mystery surrounding it, at both ends. Fellow Connecticut native Heather Mayer, a student at St. Hilda’s, says “it was strange at first to realize last Trinity term that the people around me weren’t also wearing madras skirts or Rainbow flip-flops.” Even though the knowledge that most of the world doesn’t dress like this and doesn’t care about people who do is always present, the actualization of this thought is somewhat more hard-hitting. According to Mayer, it can also be somewhat “refreshing”; when she looks at photographs from her time at Groton, a boarding school in New England, seeing all of the “skinny girls in Lilly Pulitzer and Jack Rogers with straight hair” can seem suffocating, after being in a more diverse environment.

For those who subscribe to the lifestyle which was memorialized in the 1980 tongue-in-cheek classic, The Official Preppy Handbook, and brought into the millennial era in this year’s True Prep: It’s A Whole New Old World, published by Lisa Birnbach, one of the original book’s authors, studying and living in Oxford can feel as if this new old world is still swirling around and settling into the new millennium. The best advice that can be given is to keep one’s attitude firmly tongue-in-cheek, just as the authors did; after all, preppies commandeered the Tea Party slogan for a farcical YouTube video well before anyone else in America did the same for political purposes!

In fact, the best course of action for preppies in Oxford attempting to explain their choice of wardrobe might be to direct friends to that video, which can be found here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYKNJehC5Sk&feature=related. While they might do well to forewarn them of the exaggerated and highly ironic nature of many of the activities and much of the behaviour, the illustrative garments would be illuminating.

I vow to thee my country???

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I hate weeks like the one we’ve just had. The dreaded ‘international break’ robs us of the excitement, drama and entertainment of the domestic season and in its stead we get to watch England either struggle to break down some well organised team, or destroy a poorly organised one. In some cases the games don’t even matter – they are ‘friendly’ games full of players so scared of getting injured that they show less commitment to the match than the Lib Dems do to their core policies (political satire in a sports piece – I think I got away with it!)

I have another problem when it comes to weeks like this. This is because I do not really care about England; my commitment to supporting them has been worn away through years of underachievement and players that I can’t help but truly detest. My biggest problem however is that I care too much about my domestic club side. It is probably more accurate to say that I am obsessed with them rather than support them, and for me at least this level of support leaves little room to properly care about England.

It is during weeks like this that I have to experience a series of awkward conversations with people who don’t entirely agree with my opinions on the national side. When I was told that England had failed to beat the ‘mighty’ Montenegro at home on Tuesday night (I didn’t watch it…), I could hardly suppress a laugh. Thus a conversation ensued – I say conversation, it was more like an interrogation – about how I could call myself a football fan and not care about the England team. I fear I have fallen permanently down in the estimation of those I attempted to justify my position to…

Therein lies the problem however. Support, and in particular obsession, is an inherently unjustifiable entity; I can’t ‘decide’ to support England in the same manner or with as much intensity as I do my club, no matter how much I feel like I should. This is not to say I actively don’t support England. During the World Cup this year I was up and cheering when Steven Gerrard scored in the opening minutes against the USA – but it was nothing in comparison to the delirium I felt watching Crouchie score against Man City at the end of last season to guarantee Champions League football (this might have given away who I support…)

My opinions on international football may be the exception rather than the rule, but I find this pretty hard to believe; mainly because it is surely not humanly possible for anyone to support a team containing Ashley Cole?!?

Unfair on rich, poor and middle alike

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Is there anything nice to say about the Browne Review? It has some pretty graphs, and the font is quite nice. Everything else is a digrace. It places unfair expectations on those from richer backgrounds, proposes a system which will damage access for those from poorer backgrounds, and recommends a system which could easily put people off middle-income jobs for life.

First, those from well-off families will suffer. Under Lord Browne’s proposals, students will receive a non-means-tested maintenance loan of £3,750 per year, and there will be up to £3,250 available in additional support for those from households with a total income of less than £60,000. The grants are a good thing, but the £60,000 threshold signals the clear assumption that those whose parents earn more than that will receive money from them for their living costs – why else would a student’s loan be affected by their parents’ income? £3,750 is barely enough to cover a year’s rent at Oxford, let alone food. Is Browne saying that those with well-off parents should have to get holiday jobs, while those with poorer parents don’t need to? Of course not – instead he is relying on the assumption that anyone with wealthy parents will be able to rely on the Bank of Mum and Dad.

For a start, this isn’t true. There are plenty of students who don’t receive any money from their parents, whether their parents could afford to give it or not. Secondly, and more importantly, the assumption that well-off students will not need a grant makes a mockery of Browne’s own claim, early in the report, that “students will not have to rely on banks or families to meet the costs of living and learning”. His later statement that parents will have to make an “affordable contribution to the cost of living” proves the earlier to have been entirely deceptive and untrue.

So he lied at the start. What else? Well, he suggests (in a rather scary communist-style turn of phrase) that there should be a minimum entry standard “based on aptitude” to qualify for any loans, to make sure that only those “who are qualified to benefit from higher eduction” will receive it. “Qualified to benefit”? Even if you accept the idea that only clever people should get to go to university, Browne’s proposal for how to measure who is “qualified” is ludicrous.

He explains that an aptitude test would be difficult to implement, and instead advises that to “qualify to benefit from higher education” applicants will have to have a certain number of UCAS points. Remember those? They are what you get for GCSEs and A levels. And also music exams, drama courses, the Duke of Edinburgh Award, extra language and IT qualifications and so on – in short, all the kinds of things which you have to pay to do, and which you are far, far more likely to do if you go to a private school or have wealthy parents. Browne claims that his system will leave “no barriers to access”, but when even getting a loan relies on a system of points which can be bought, this is clearly another fallacy.

So the poor and the rich have been disadvantaged, but there is bad news for the middle too. If you go on to earn less than £21,000 a year, you won’t have to pay back anything at all. If you become an investment banker or a lawyer, your debts will be paid off before too long. But if you earn something in the region of, say, £35,000, you will be handing over almost 10 percent of your income for what could amount to decades, as the interest stacks up. Browne has recommended that debts be written off after 30 years – so if you choose to be a teacher instead of a hedge-fund manager, you could hit 50 before you’re debt-free. Browne has been reported as saying “there is a lot of evidence that students don’t just look at debt”, but with debts like these, it will be very hard not to look.

My final big problem is with the statement “investment will be targeted on the teaching of priority subjects” – those like medicine and engineering, where graduates are clearly helpful to the government. The ‘priority subjects’ will probably now cost more. For subjects like mine (Classics), which struggles to recruit applicants from poorer backgrounds and where the number of qualified teachers is decreasing by several dozen a year, losing funding because it’s not high enough ‘priority’ will be disastrous. There is no subject taught at Oxford which does not deserve to be a priority, and if some of them suffer more than others through lack of funding, that will be a very great loss indeed.

Browne review released

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Universities should be allowed to set their own level of tuition fees, according to Lord Browne’s review of higher education, which was published this week.

The review, released on Tuesday, has recommended that the current cap of £3,290 per year should be lifted and universities should be free to charge what they like. This could mean the introduction of tuition fees of up to £12,000 a year.

If Browne’s recommended measures are accepted by the government, students could graduate with debts of up to £50,000. These debts would then attract interest at a real rate.

Graduates would not have to start repaying the loans until they were earning £21,000 per year. But after this they would have to make repayments worth 9 percent of their income, regardless of how much it is. Interest would also start accumulating at a rate of inflation plus 2.2 percent.

The student loans system would be simplified, with one government agency placed in charge of handling loans, grants and bursaries.

Browne has also suggested that there should be “a minimum entry standard, based on aptitude”, so that “only those who are qualified to benefit from higher education” would be entitled to a loan.

The proposals, which are designed to save money for the government and help struggling universities, were called “highly progressive” by Browne, on the grounds that “the lowest 20% of earners will pay less than today”.

These proposals immediately attracted criticism about the impact they will have on middle-rate earners. Those students who start earning high salaries straight away will be able to pay their loans off before the interest grows too much.

Those earning less than £21,000 will not have to pay anything – but those in between face decades of repayments and mounting interest. There is also a concern that the high costs will put those from less well-off backgrounds off applying to university.

Universities will be entitled to charge as much as they like in tuition fees. However, those charging more than £6,000 a year will have to give a large percentage of their extra income to the government, to help them pay the upfront costs of students’ fees.

Another recommendation is that the government should be allowed to reduce funding, and that what remains should be focussed on courses “that are important to the wellbeing of our society and to our economy,” such as medicine and engineering.

Oxford’s current budget is £863 million, out of which just eight per cent is received directly from the state, in the form of a teaching grant.

According to predictions this grant might be cut by up to 75 per cent. In this case, it is estimated that Oxford will be paying the government back between £35m and £40m per year in levies, and receive just £17.5m back as a teaching grant.

The government said that it welcomes the report, although it has not yet agreed to implement its recommendations in full.

Despite predictions that it could lead to a rift in the coalition, Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg has been urging Liberal Democrat MPs to go back on their promise to voters to oppose tuition fees.

“Like you, I am painfully aware of the pledge we all made to voters on tuition fees ahead of the general election,” he said.

“Departing from that pledge will be one of the most difficult decisions of my political career. It means doing something that no one likes to do in politics – acknowledging that the assumptions we made at election time simply don’t work out in practice.”

Business Secretary Vince Cable has also stated that he plans to “put specific proposals to the House to implement radical and progressive reforms of higher education along the lines of the Browne Report.”

The Institute for Fiscal Studies thinktank described the review as “more progressive than under the current system … in the sense that lower-earning graduates would pay less and higher-earning graduates would pay more.”

However, universities would lose money under the threshold scenario of a £6,000 fee, the IFS said. “While their fee income would nearly double in this case, buried in the detail of the review’s recommendations are proposed cuts to the teaching budget that would see some courses become entirely self-funded.”

Sir Peter Lampl, chair of the Sutton Trust education charity, said there was a danger that higher fees for the most prestigious courses would make them “the preserve of the most privileged”.

“There are some sensible measures in these proposals. But our concern is that the headline figure of the costs of attending more prestigious universities might still deter those from non-privileged backgrounds from applying in the first place.”

Varsity sell out

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Tickets for this year’s Varsity ski trip sold out in a record-breaking thirty hours last week. Students snapped up all 2500 tickets in just under two days, compared to ten days last year.

Sam Kirsop, President of Varsity 2010 said, “We’ve been working really hard to ensure that this year is the best Varsity Trip experience yet. We can’t wait to show them what’s in store for December.”

The quick sales have left hundreds of students disappointed and sparked criticism from freshers.

One Brasenose first year who missed out said, “It was sold out before freshers even knew it existed. I’d have loved to go but I didn’t want to sign up before I’d made enough friends to go with.”

1300 Oxford students and 1200 Cambridge students will hit the slopes in Val Thorens this December.

OUSU protest against A* grade

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OUSU Council has passed a motion to mandate its officers to lobby the University against the introduction of the A* grade at A Level.

The proposal, brought by the JCR President of Magdalen College, raised the possibility of an unfair advantage to private school students.

The proposal argued that smaller class sizes, motivated teachers and improved facilities benefitted those students in the independent sector, and meant they were more likely to achieve the 90% score in their final year required for the elusive grade.

Of the candidates who met their offers for Oxford this year, just 16.5% did not achieve at least one A* grade. Within that minority, there are twice as many state school pupils as ones who attended independent schools.

The motion passed with the amendment that OUSU should review its current position by no later than the end of Michealmas Term 2011.

Cowley stabbing in early hours

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An Oxford Brookes was stabbed in the early hours of yesterday morning outside the O2 Academy on Cowley Road.

The incident took place at around 4am on Thursday 13th October. The 20-year-old first-year student was walking along Cowley Road when a man pulled up in a vehicle and a fight began.

The student was taken by paramedics to the John Radcliffe hostpital where he remains in a critical but stable condition.

Inspector Simon Morton from Oxford Criminal Investigation Department said, “At this stage, we believe that the victim knew his attacker and that this is an isolated incident.”

This comes after a 31 year old man suffered facial injuries after being attacked with a knife on Cowley Road last week.

Thatcher snatcher

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Oxford University Conservative Association was in a state of mourning this week after a portrait of Margaret Thatcher was stolen from their stall at the OUSU Freshers’ Fair.

The incident took place at around 1pm on Friday October 7th. The only person working at the OUCA stall was at the time distracted by questions from an interested student. After pretending to sign up to the society’s mailing list, the thief snatched the portrait and ran out of the North School.

The thief appeared to have signed his name on the mailing list as ‘Michael Holmes’ of Merton College. However there seems to be no evidence of the student attending the college.

The incident has drawn mixed responses from Oxford students. When asked how he felt about the theft, Joe Cooke, OUCA treasurer and owner of the portrait, said that he not only felt “violated beyond belief by such a blatant disregard for property rights” but was also terrified by “the thought of what those sick socialists are doing to her.”

Stephen Bush, Co-Chair of the Oxford University Labour Club, reported that “we don’t know anything about the theft.”

Although traumatised by “the gap that now exists not only on my wall but in my heart”, Mr Cooke, of Oriel College, decided not to approach the police, but has offered a reward of a bottle of champagne to anyone providing information that led to the return of the portrait.

An OUCA spokesman is reported to have offered the reward of a free lifetime membership to the association.

Jason Keen, the Freshers’ Fair organiser, sympathised with Mr Cooke, saying that “The Freshers’ Fair organisers are sorry to hear that OUCA misplaced their picture of Mrs Thatcher during this year’s event and we hope they succeed in finding it.”

“In the meantime, we think it’s important that there isn’t an overreaction to this.”

Alex Harvey, a History student at St John’s, said “I find the situation ironic; she stole hope from so many people and now she’s been stolen.”

Lady Thatcher, a former OUCA President, last spoke to the Association in 2002.

Fined: University gives student a megabyte

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A St Hugh’s student has been fined by their college for illegally downloading a film while in his own home in Lincolnshire during the summer holidays.

Oxford University Computing Services (OUCS) alerted the student of their ‘copy-right infringement’ after the student downloaded a pirated copy of the movie Iron Man II via the student’s VPN connection.

The student incurred vast fines, despite the fact he was not on University premises and that he was connected to the internet via a private home connection.

The student racked up a grand total of £108.75 in fines as a result of the incident. This included an administrative charge of £50 that was issued to the College by OUCS.

As part of the fine the College added £8.75 to the bill, claiming it was VAT. This has since been withdrawn.

Upon receiving the fine, the student commented, “I think it’s an outrage that I was fined while not even on college grounds.
“How can it be right that the rules of the University extend to your own home? It’s like 1984.

“£108.75 is awfully expensive for a film I didn’t even want to watch. It basically cost about £1 per minute to watch Iron Man II. I just didn’t think it would cause me this much trouble.”

The student’s computer account was also deactivated, and his computer had to be submitted for inspection before it was reconnected to the Oxford network.

But another 3rd year student at St Hugh’s who wishes to remain anonymous described the action of the University as “ridiculous”.

He said, “I’ve been downloading torrent files from sites such as ISO Hunt while at university for years and they’ve never lifted a finger. It’s ridiculous how someone can then be fined while not even being on University premises or connected into the college network.”

This is not the first time a student has caught red-handed downloading material from internet.

Earlier this term a Balliol graduate student was also fined for downloading a pirate film via a VPN connection. He was forced to pay £120 after OUCS received legal papers from a copyright company concerning the illegal download of the film.

One third year from Brasenose said, “Whatever people say, illegal downloading is not the same as shoplifting. With facilities such as Spotify we’ve all grown used not to having to pay for our music, and I’m sure most cash-strapped students have few qualms about illegally downloading films and music.

“But [these fines] would definitely make me think twice, especially about doing it on the college network where it can so easily be detected.”

Oxford’s ICTC Regulations state that “Users are not permitted to use university IT or network facilities for…the creation or transmission of or access to material in such a way as to infringe a copyright, moral right, trade mark, or other intellectual property right.”

Asked whether he thought the system of multiple fines for people on the VPN system was unfair, a spokesman from OUCS said, “It’s fair that the rules apply whenever people are using University facilities.

“It wouldn’t matter whether they were in their college or in an internet café in Siberia – they would still be breaking the rules. The rules apply to how people use the facilities, not where they use them from.”

A spokesman from the Oxford Press Office could not comment on individual disciplinary cases, but added that the University “stresses that students should not break the law.”

Copyrighted materials such as films are protected by the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act of 1988, under which those who download and distribute copyrighted recordings without permission can face civil action.

OUCS report that over the past two years, the number of security incidents handled has more than doubled to almost 1,300.