Sunday 3rd August 2025
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Operation Pangolin: the quest to save the world’s most trafficked mammal

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The University of Oxford has announced that it is joining Operation Pangolin – a bold initiative to save the world’s most trafficked animal. With pangolins being the world’s most trafficked wild mammal, tackling the illegal trade is an urgent conservation priority.

Dr. Dan Challender, an interdisciplinary conservation scientist based in the University of Oxford’s Department of Biology and the Oxford Martin School, has said: “in the last decade pangolin populations in Central Africa have been under increasing pressure from offtake for local use and international trafficking of their scales.”

Pangolins (also called scaly anteaters) are extraordinary and unique animals. The word ‘pangolin’ comes from ‘penggulung’, the Malay word for roller, referring to their defensive mechanism of rolling up when they feel threatened. They feed on ants and termites with their long, sticky tongues, and they are the world’s only true scaly mammal.

Unfortunately, whilst their scales are an effective defense against predators, they are powerless against poachers, who often remove them directly from their burrows or set up snare traps. Pangolin meat and scales are highly prized by consumers for use in traditional medicine. Due to the ubiquity of the illegal pangolin trade, their numbers have dwindled significantly, and all eight species are now threatened with extinction. Operation Pangolin aims to remedy this by developing pangolin-specific monitoring methods and interventions to prevent the illegal trafficking of the species to further conservation initiatives.

Pangolins have been sustainably harvested throughout history for their scales and their meat. However, they have been significantly overexploited in recent decades, with over a million pangolins illegally taken from the wild to feed demand in China and Vietnam alone. Despite national and international legal protections afforded to the species, there is likely a large proportion of the illegal trade of their scales and meat that has gone undetected. Since 2014, the number of trafficked pangolins seized globally has seen an estimated tenfold increase, and their source has shifted from Asia to West and Central Africa. Researchers estimate that as many as 8.5 million pangolins were removed from the wild in Africa between 2014 and 2021.

When asked about what the greatest threat facing pangolin populations is, Dr. Challender answered that pangolins face two main threats: overexploitation and habitat loss. “Overexploitation is in my opinion the most severe. This has resulted in population decline in Asian pangolins in recent decades and overexploitation of the tropical African pangolins is placing them under greater pressure.”

Operation Pangolin aims to generate data to inform conservation strategies in Central Africa. The research team will work in conjunction with local conservation stakeholders, including indigenous peoples, local communities, wildlife crime authorities, and government agencies, to strengthen protections for pangolins. The project has four main priorities. They will monitori pangolin populations with newly developed technologies and develop sustainable conservation solutions with deep understanding of the social and ecological networks through which pangolins are harvested. The project also aims to use insights from conservation criminology to prevent the illegal harvesting and trafficking of pangolins, as well as machine learning and artificial intelligence to prevent wildlife crime involving pangolins by uniting data streams and creating predictions.

The University of Oxford has pledged to focus on the social component of the project. This work will be led by Dr. Dan Challender. He has been involved in pangolin research and conservation for 15 years. In 2012, Dr. Challender re-formed the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission Pangolin Specialist Group and served as Chair until 2021.

About the project, he says: “this project has the potential to transform pangolin conservation, first in key locations in Central Africa, and then extending into parts of Asia. By taking an interdisciplinary approach and using novel technology and artificial intelligence methods, the project will give pangolin populations in these regions the best chance of survival.”

Led by Dr. Challender, the Oxford team will conduct research in key areas in Cameroon to understand the ways in which pangolins are caught and trafficked. They will work with key ecological stakeholders to identify the conditions that facilitate the illegal pangolin trade. This information will then be used to create context-specific conservation strategies with local groups (including indigenous peoples and local communities) to ensure that any future trade of pangolins is legal and sustainable. Devising interventions (eg. ensuring the appropriate rights, rules, and incentives) at sites where pangolins occur so that they are not overexploited, and so their habitat is not destroyed are “critical” according to Dr. Challender.

Dr. Challender has further identified education as an important component of conservation initiatives. He underscores that: “education can be used to inform people of the existence of pangolins and the need to conserve them.” He is optimistic about the future of pangolin conservation due to the amount of attention and investment it has received since 2010.

The University of Oxford will work alongside specialists from Florida International University, the University of Maryland, the University of Southern California, and the Arribada Initiative. They are supported by the Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (Gabon’s national parks agency) to lead research and conservation efforts in Gabon, and the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) to lead efforts in Cameroon. This cross-border effort is further supported by the IUCN Pangolin Specialist Group, which forms a global network of 189 pangolin specialists.

The progress of the project can be tracked on Twitter on #OperationPangolin, and on the Operation Pangolin website.

BREAKING: No confidence vote proposed against Union president Charlie Mackintosh

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Three members of the Oxford Union have brought a no-confidence motion against President Charlie Mackintosh, and a vote will be triggered if the required 150 signatures are received.

They claim the president has demonstrated “gross misconduct and a shameful capitalisation of his office” in inviting Tzipi Hotovely back to the Union this evening, to participate in a panel discussion about the Abraham Accords. 

In their motion posting, the members allege that Israeli security “conspired to intimidate and harass members of colour and pro-Palestinian members” when Hotovely attended the Union in Trinity term. They also state that Mackintosh did not adequately question Hotovely about the killing of Shireen Aby Akleh,despite media conclusions of Israeli responsibility. Twenty minutes of audience questions were also allowed.

In light of this, and the Union’s action in inviting Hotovely back less than a year later during Mackintosh’s term as President has led to the calling of the vote.

A lack of sufficient notice of the events which “typify the double standards between Palestinian and Israeli ambassadors” are also cited by the writers as reasons for the motion. The writers concluded their motion by stating that the President has “deliberately conspired with foreign agents to promote the interests of an apartheid state”.

As yet, it is unspecified if and when the motion of no confidence will be brought before the house. The panel on the Abraham Accords will take place tonight at 8pm.

This story will be updated to reflect ongoing developments.

Union announces extra speaker events for Hilary Term

The Oxford Union has announced several extra speaker events which will be taking place in the rest of Hilary Term, though not previously listed on the termcard.

These events include talks from the former Prime Minister John Major, the Crown Prince of Iran Reza Pahlavi, the Ukrainian Ambassador to the UK, Vadym Prystaiko, and Baroness Rogers of Riverside.

A panel discussion on the Abraham Accords will also be taking place today at 8pm, where the UK ambassadors to Israel, Bahrain, and the UAE will be speaking. This is expected to draw considerable attention in the form of protests, with the Union stating that there will be “enhanced security”.

The Union’s Bicentenary event will take place tomorrow, featuring Michael Gove MP and Amanda Pritchard.

Disha Hegde auto-resigned as Union Librarian after missed meetings

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Disha Hegde has been automatically resigned as Librarian of the Oxford Union after missing three access committee meetings. She has also missed the deadline to appeal against her dismissal.

Hegde, who originally volunteered to attend the access committee, has not attended any of the access committee meetings this term. This means her auto-resignation should technically have been triggered as early as the end of 3rd Week, but a union source told Cherwell no one had noticed until yesterday.

Under the Union’s rule 23 (e)(i)(1), “Any Member of any Committee absent without good reason from three Ordinary Meetings … in the same term shall be deemed to have resigned from that Committee … resignations from Committees that a Member is a Member of by virtue of them holding another position shall also constitute resignations from that position”.

The access committee meets every Thursday, and normally the Librarian is not required to attend. However, Hegde emailed the Returning Officers (ROs) at the end of Michaelmas and registered her intention to vote the access committee for the rest of term and during Hilary. Hegde was mandated to attend the meetings this term and failure to do so made her subject to rule 23 and auto-resignation.

Absences can be excused if the committee in question votes that the absence was due to “good reason”. The good reasons listed are attendance at a public examination, “disabling or infectious illness”, “unavoidable” engagements, or doing something “of paramount importance” for the Union. Hegde was injured on the night between Saturday 4th and Sunday 5th February, but by that point had already missed three access committee meetings. She could have presented evidence of “good reason” to the committee 72 hours after each of her absences, but did not.

Following her third absence, Hegde could have appealed against the auto-resignation by submitting a “Special Adjournment Motion”, however she failed to do so before the deadline. 

In an email to the Standing Committee, Hegde wrote: “[S]everal weeks ago, I suffered an accident that left me with broken bones and temporarily unable to walk. As a result, I spent a lot of time in and out of hospital. Whilst I am currently awaiting surgery, I have not been able to attend several committee meetings or pass my absences. Librarians are not obliged to attend access committee under the rules and therefore I did not pass my absences. Autoresignation clauses exist to ensure good governance of our society and while I have been recovering from my injury and spent time in hospital, I have struggled to attend as many meetings as I would have liked to. This does not reflect my willingness to work hard in my position, nor does it reflect how deeply I care about the society.

“There is an ongoing dispute over my position. Spanning 196 pages, the rules of this Society are quite complicated and open to interpretation by the Returning Officer – who is due to issue a ruling. It may be that he decides to rule against me, for my lack of attendance at meetings and therefore announces my resignation. A disciplinary body could overturn this if they believe it to be an abuse of power, but this appeals process will take some time to come to a decision. Pending further developments, I will not be sat in the chair at debates.”

It was confirmed to Cherwell that the RO has now ruled against Hegde.

Hegde noted these developments have “highlighted … even more how important it is that this Society makes our rules more accessible and less convoluted”, and emphasised that she still plans to run for President “[d]espite the health battles I am facing”, as she has “seen how difficult it is for people from non-traditional ‘Union’ backgrounds to excel here, and my experience has made me realise how important it is that I continue”.

Just last term, Ahmad Nawaz lost his Union presidency after his absence at three successive access committee meetings triggered an auto-resignation that Nawaz then failed to overturn in a vote put to the chamber.

Following the auto-resignation, officers will most likely be moved up a rank as per standard practice, meaning Hegde will most likely be replaced as Librarian by the current Treasurer. It does not preclude Hegde from running in any upcoming elections.

This article will be updated to reflect ongoing developments.

Five arrests following anti-“climate lockdown” protests

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Last weekend, five arrests were made during Saturday’s protests against the Oxfordshire City Council’s low-traffic neighbourhood (LTN) trials. Far-right groups such as Patriotic Alternative, self-proclaimed ‘white nationalist’ organisation, were also in attendance, joining the approximately 2000 protesters. 

Two of the arrests, a 27-year-old woman and a 37-year-old man, were made for failing to remove facemasks when requested by a constable. Other arrests were made on suspicion of disorderly and threatening behaviour. 

The protest was primarily against the low-traffic neighbourhood scheme which seeks to limit motorised travel in residential areas by creating six no-traffic zones in Cowley and east Oxford which require drivers to obtain permits that are valid for 100 days in a year. Organisations such as CoviLeaks, British Lions for Freedom and Keep it Cash spearheaded the campaign, handing out leaflets against general government intervention such as digital IDs, currencies and continued vaccination. The participation of British Lions for Freedom in the protest formed part of their “2023 Freedom Rebellion tour”, aimed at fighting “the information war”, caused by endemic “media lies”, according to their online manifesto.

Piers Corbyn, brother of Jeremy Corbyn, weatherman turned ‘anti-climate change activist’ and one particularly outspoken critic of ‘traffic zoning’ in low-traffic neighbourhoods was photographed by the Oxford Mail at the protest. Sporting a tee-shirt adorning slogan “Resist! Defy! Do Not Comply!” and holding a poster brandishing the phrase “NO ZONING”, he told the Oxford Mail: “They’re all about controlling you, charging you money and promoting the climate con. There’s no such thing as man-made climate change and that’s been used as an excuse to justify all sorts of tyrannical moves and we oppose them all.” 

Patriotic Alternative member Joe Marsh, a self-proclaimed white nationalist, was also present, holding a cardboard sign that read, “NOT FAR RIGHT JUST RIGHT SO FAR”.

A counter-protest arose on Bonn Square, led by Ian McKendrick, representative of Stand Up to Racism. The Stand Up to Racism Press release urged “the Oxford anti-LTN campaign to boycott the “Our Community Our Choice” event on February 18th because of their fascist links…and fascist groups who see LTN campaigns as an opportunity to grow.” McKendrick voiced concerns that the tumult of LTN protests was being used by right-wing, neo-Nazi groups as a way of covertly recruiting new members.

A confrontation between the two groups emerged when a group of face-covering mask-wearing ‘anti-fascists’ attempted to rush the larger LTN protest. Escalation was prevented by the notable police presence, including several mounted officers. 

One student told Cherwell: “The protests were pretty disruptive to be honest. I had family visiting the city that day and it created a completely different atmosphere than usual. It was really difficult trying to show them around and in the end we completely avoided Broad Street.”

According to Thames Valley Police, the demonstrations are said to have unfolded peacefully without major mishaps. The Thames Valley Police have come under criticism for the inaction against a counter-protest, where a masked group traded insults with those taking part in the anti-LTN protest. 

In a statement posted on Facebook, the Thames Valley Police said: “The footage that Thames Valley Police is aware of will be reviewed and action can be taken retrospectively where offences have been identified. Our operation incorporated officers on the ground, interacting with and speaking with the public, and various other roles, including intelligence and monitoring. As a force, we would like to place on record our thanks to the vast majority of those who attended and conducted themselves in a peaceful and lawful manner.”

HT23 Week 3 Solutions

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The solutions for the week 3 issue of Cherwell in HT23.

Cryptic Crossword
Sudoku
Sudoku
College Confines

Braverman meets pushback on plans to limit overseas students

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The education secretary, Gillian Keegan, is openly resisting the Home Office’s plans to restrict the number of international students that attend UK universities.

In an interview with the Financial Times, the education secretary described the economic contribution of international students as “hugely valuable”. She also said that the UK’s university sector is “something that we should be very proud of”. She wants to increase the higher education sector’s export revenue from £26bn to £35bn through the establishment of further international campuses and partnerships with overseas institutions, clashing with the Home Office’s plans to reduce immigration numbers by targeting international students. In a conversation with The Sun, Suella Braverman suggested that overseas students were exploiting student visas in order to bring dependants who are “not contributing to growing our economy.” 

At Oxford, just over a third of students are from overseas. The university has the 13th highest proportion of international students in the Russell Group. Oxford considers international students to be an invaluable part of life at the university. One student told Cherwell that the opportunity to be part of a global community “must really broaden our perception of the world and different cultures, and I think that university is fundamentally a place where that should happen.”

Financial Times reported that Braverman and Keegan met this week, and discussion topics included Braverman’s proposed reduction of the time period over which an overseas student can stay in the UK after their degree. The current graduate visa allows international students to stay for 2 years, or for 3 years following the completion of a doctoral or equivalent qualification. It was suggested that this could be reduced to 6 months. The ministers also discussed the current possibility for students on “low-value” courses, or those with lower graduate salaries, to bring dependants to the UK.

Three years ago, the government aimed to increase the number of international students enrolled at UK universities to 600,000 by 2021/22. According to the Higher Education Student Statistics for 2021/22, the figure reached was 680,000, which amounts to just under a quarter of all students at UK universities. But, currently, the number of international students is falling. Part of the reason is the rise in tensions between the UK and China, whose student applications at UK universities have fallen for the first time in a decade.  

Moreover, the Higher Education sector relies on the higher fees paid by international students to provide a better experience for all students. To many, including Gillian Keegan, the Home Office’s proposition is ludicrous both financially and culturally.

World War OX2: St Hugh’s college steals St Anne’s beaver amidst declarations of war

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The St Anne’s College JCR has declared war on St Hugh’s College. However, not even twenty-fours after the motion for war voted on by both JCRs, St Hugh’s had already reached a key objective: to steal St Anne’s College’s symbolic beaver.

Responding to a leaked war motion from the St Hugh’s JCR, the St Anne’s motion proclaimed that St Hugh’s, which they referred to as ‘Who’s’ College, was “the most irrelevant, ugly, pointless and far out college,” and that “the best thing to come out of the college is Theresa May and that says enough.” 

Approximately six hours after the St Anne’s motion, the St Hugh’s JCR released its own formal declaration of war. Blaming “the black hand of St Anne’s Entz” for the “assassination of the [St Hugh’s] ball,” the motion proposed a series of economic and intersocial sanctions that included a ban on inter-college intimate relations and pizza sharing, as well as the construction of a large scale nuclear program. St Hugh’s JCR went on to say that St Anne’s is “an architectural, aesthetic, political, and spiritual affront to all five senses.”

What brought about wartime in OX2? In an interview with Cherwell, St Anne’s JCR domestic affairs rep Alfie explained that St Anne’s was planning to hold a bop on the same day as the proposed St Hugh’s ball. This led to the St Hugh’s ball not selling enough tickets, leading to its cancellation. According to the St Anne’s motion, the St Hugh’s Ball “would have been a failure anyway as their entz team is incapable of running a successful event, unlike the extremely popular, loved and successful St Anne’s entz.”

Alfie went on to explain exactly why St Hugh’s deserved to lose: “[St Hugh’s] is ugly. It’s disgusting. We all want it razed to the ground,” Alfie said. “And I don’t think anyone else in Oxford would really disagree.”

The war began in earnest the day after motions were released. In the morning hours of February 20th, the furniture in the Anne’s Danson Room was rearranged to represent phallic symbols, with the whiteboard smothered with mocking statements. And during the interview with Alfie, he received a message that a statue of the St Anne’s mascot, a beaver, had been stolen from the library. But it was clear that the war was only just beginning.

 “We broke into [St Hugh’s] and rearranged the furniture and hung a banner,” claimed Alfie. “The plan is that we are going to take their cat.”

The war has had ripple effects in other colleges as well, as both St Hugh’s and St Anne’s have anointed themselves the ruler of the OX2 postcode, which is also shared by many other colleges. “I spoke to LMH as well and obviously they’re not happy,” Alfie said. Regarding the other colleges in OX2, such as Somerville and St Antony’s, Alfie deemed them irrelevant, saying that “no-one really cares [about them].”

St Hugh’s appears to have the upper hand right now, with one Entz rep and leader of the war effort quoting Coldplay’s ‘Yellow’, a victory song of the college: “Look at the stars, look how they shine for you.”

ChatGPT: The answer to your essay crisis?

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ChatGPT. If you haven’t heard of it from some source yet, then I can only congratulate you. It is described as an ‘AI Advanced Chatbot’ by its creators, OpenAI, and it has taken the world by storm ever since its launch some three months ago. Universities have sounded General Quarters over the death of independently researched and written essays, corporates have started using it to automate their writing needs, and other tech giants like Google and Baidu have pushed their own development teams into overdrive in order to launch their own chatbots

So why is this new creation so legendary, you ask, and what effect might it have on me, when I’m sat in my warm, cozy corner of the library, trying to do that next essay or problem sheet? The base idea is that the chatbot can produce text based on a prompt, from its deep reading of everything (or, at least, a lot) on the internet. Whatever the topic might be, chances are ChatGPT knows most of the basics, and might know some advanced details too! (This is probably the right moment to assure you that I have not used ChatGPT to write this article, though I did use it for lots of research prior to doing so.) That doesn’t mean it can produce absolutely everything, of course – creators have recently cracked down on a lot of immoral and unethical topics in their latest updates. 

Text, or language, in technospeak, isn’t the half of it. ChatGPT can also answer technical questions, write code, and solve maths and science problems, like a more conventional computer, perhaps. If you haven’t seen the TikTok videos yet of ChatGPT producing perfect Python, C#, and C++ codes, then you’re not missing out on much. Even experienced developers are taking longer than the computer to belt out that much code. In our time, lots of STEM (and non-STEM) graduates join the tech workforce, working in the various echelons of the digital world, but their jobs are as much at risk of being replaced by AI as the copywriter or the paralegal.

So,  what has been the effect on OpenAI? The San Francisco, CA-based company now projects a billion US dollars in revenue for the next year and has just received an infusion of ten billion dollars from Microsoft. Microsoft, which supported the company in the years prior to the launch of ChatGPT, has now announced its desire to integrate the Chatbot into its Bing Search Engine, Edge Browser, and Outlook email client, creating a space for ChatGPT within the Microsoft ecosystem. This might mean, for example, that soon, within Outlook, you would provide a prompt and the client would write the email for you, or you’d run a search, but the AI could find sources that don’t exactly match your search terms but that it believes are relevant. It could also make content up, as it is trained to do.

This is perhaps the best time to move onto more juicy material. However, before I do that, an overview of the essay-writing ecosystem before the launch of ChatGPT might be in order. It is worth mentioning that as of May last year, it is illegal to advertise or provide essay-writing services for any University or College assignments in England. Nevertheless, essay-writing services have been undeterred.  A quick Google Search offers numerous options, and I only found one that identified my English IP address and thus informed me that I unfortunately could not use the services of that website. The others all compete with one another, under different categories: Oxbridge essays, Exam Essays, Dissertations, Theses. Do you want to pay per page of content, or per hour spent working on your assignment?  Do you want discounts on bulk purchases? They have you covered for those as well. Whether your deadline is tomorrow or in two weeks; Though, the longer you give them, the cheaper it is for you. All-in-all, these essay-writing services make up an entire market, giving you all the options you might need to cater for differing tastes. And they waste no effort in marketing their services. A poll run by Cherwell noted that 86% of respondents had seen ads for essay-writing services. The ads for these services dwell in the depths of all those freshers’ group chats that we join after offer day. They promise “100% refunds in case of dissatisfaction” for assignments completed by the “Assignment King”. Some offer a “free plagiarism report”, because there’s no way that they picked up the words in your assignment from somewhere else. There are Instagram accounts with professionally produced reels advertising the various kinds of essays, problem sheets, and assignments you might be able to commission. You want something done? They will complete it for you. 

These are all under threat from ChatGPT and the other AI platforms that will follow it. Why would I, or you, pay £100 for an essay from the essay-writing company, when ChatGPT could analyse my writing, and then produce an essay on that topic which I might have to make minor edits to, all for free? (It might start charging later, because OpenAI is still running a beta version for personal use.) Do you need a prompt on how to approach that problem sheet or that coding question? Just ask ChatGPT. Do you need to write 1000 personalised emails? Why make a human do it when ChatGPT could draft them all, and then you only make edits? With some amount of human editing, it is impossible to differentiate between human-produced content and computer-produced content now. It might even be difficult to differentiate between unedited ChatGPT content and Human-produced content, as a New York Times investigation discovered.  

Now, I’ve probably given you enough background on the impact of ChatGPT on the world outside us and what one might expect it to do. The rest of this piece focuses on my personal experiences with it, both inside and outside Oxford. We start with my family. My father works in what I call a standard “finance-bro” job in the City, acquiring and operating tech companies. This basically involves a lot of emails, sometimes cold emails, introducing his business pitch and the activities of his employer. He has now invested in the paid version of the Chatbot (ChatGPT Plus), and it drafts his emails based on prompts from an excel sheet, for $20 a month. He still has to edit them, of course, because the computer still hasn’t figured out the exigencies of City corporate conduct. Once it does that, it might mean the end of easily available jobs in finance. Or perhaps not. The Chatbot decided that a certain maker of restaurant software was nearing collapse, because, logically, “restaurants produce perishable goods that don’t last long”. It was reported to OpenAI. If you ask me, it is a computer so it won’t make that mistake again. 

Now, after extensively having a look at everything outside of Oxford, it’s time to delve into how Chat GPT exists in our hometown. I have seen a friend open their economics problem sheet in one tab, and ask ChatGPT for methods to solve it in another. Another Economics and Management-reading friend of mine said to Cherwell, “It’s more than a tool, it’s a friend. But it lets me down most nights.” Make of that what you will. This same friend also noted that their parents used the Chatbot to write a dramatic letter to their MP requesting support on their delayed application for citizenship. The letter that was produced was apparently a bit too dramatic (their life was under threat, pending approval of British citizenship), but their parents still sent it in. No response was received from the MP, however.  

Perhaps you’re itching to know, perhaps you aren’t. I haven’t used it yet for any of my (humanities!) work. I did try essay prompts on it, just to compare with my own work. The earlier version (in December) still could not cite sources but did produce content on a given essay prompt, about 500 words of very general information. The new and updated version, probably produced after OpenAI caught wind of their model’s widespread usage in higher education now includes a disclaimer: “as a language model, it is not possible for me to conduct original research or cite primary sources. However, I can provide you with a general overview of the current academic consensus on the topic, as well as some key theories and points of discussion.” That’s that, then. All our hopes for having the computer write our essays gone, you would think. The correct answer is Yes and No. When I asked it to write a piece and not an essay, it still belted out a considerable amount of words, roughly equivalent to an A-Level essay, and did note two sources at the end. So, it won’t write my essays for me, but will still provide an overview of the topic to ease me into the books, somewhat like a human-produced overview article. I should mention here that another poll run by Cherwell resulted in 15% of respondents admitting to using ChatGPT in their essay-writing, at some stage. The days of AI writing all our essays are definitely not upon us yet. 

The fun part starts here! Yes, the AI model is useful for academic purposes, and for business purposes, but you can also use it for entertainment. One evening, we decided to stress-test it. This underscores, of course, the need for human ingenuity and sentience to provide prompts to the computer. I don’t believe it could have come up with ideas without any human support. The first question was on the termination of a stick insect. Hard luck. ChatGPT does not produce any content on harming a living organism, insect though it may be. What about nefarious activities at the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA)? ChatGPT has a story ready to go (of course, it does provide a disclaimer that the DVLA is a reputable organisation and there are institutional processes to deal with any corruption within it, as there should be.) Maybe a pickle-tickling rhapsody in sixteen lines? Pickles, they do certainly have power. 

Our last prompt before our time ran out (ChatGPT stops responding if you send it too many prompts within an hour) was asking it to produce a psychedelic prose poem about table legs. Those screenshots are not reproduced here, but they did include a disclaimer that the term “psychedelic” was used in a metaphoric way and the AI does not support or condone”‘the use of illegal substances”. My recommendation: Try ChatGPT, or any of the other AI Chatbots, for yourself, and they might just surprise you. “You” are still a very important part of the picture here.  

Where does all that content (both mine, and ChatGPT’s) leave us? If you ask me, the AI age is probably around the corner, if not already here. ChatGPT can produce some quite respectable text, code, and solutions to problems, but it is not without its pitfalls. It can be used for academic work on some level, but it is not going to complete our assignments for us. Sea change might be coming, though, both in academia and in the glass towers of corporate officialdom, so it does not hurt to prepare and acclimatise ourselves to AI picking up some of the slack that we might have done earlier. Lastly, using AI can be fun too! The next generation of children might play with an AI server, instead of a programmed game, just as we are playing with a proto-AI platform today. 

Note: The above piece is produced from a given prompt and it is important to note that my impacts may be different in a real-world situation. As a language model, I don’t have the power to predict events in the real world, as they often happen with no warning. Please be mindful of accepting the above text as factual. 

Single-use plastics will be banned from April onward, says Oxford City Council

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Walking around Oxford’s Gloucester Green market, plastic is everywhere to be found. It’s littered across the ground, and nearly all of the twenty or so food vendors visibly distribute plastic of some form. Following a recent decision by the Oxford City Council, however, all single-use plastic will have to go by April.

After a year-long campaign by Green and Liberal Democrat Councillors, the licensing committee voted to ban street traders from using single-use plastics in Oxford. The city will rely on monitoring officers, public reporting, and fines to enforce the new rule. At the end of 2022, a public consultation found that 79% of respondents were in favour of the ban.

At The Catchy Greek, a stall at Gloucester Green market, all packaging is made of paper but the forks are still plastic. The stall owner told Cherwell that they “don’t mind” the new policy, as they have almost completely abandoned single-use plastics already, and they usually have wooden cutlery available.

According to Nick from The Java Laksa Co., an Indonesian & Malaysian joint at the market, this is a welcome but difficult change. The stall currently uses containers made of hard plastic, which he says are easier and cheaper to source than quality biodegradable products. Nick told Cherwell that supply shocks have caused a reduction in the available options from wholesalers while also increasing the prices of eco-friendly packaging by multiple times, as most of it is shipped from China. The switch would also be extra costly for Java Laksa because paper packaging for offerings such as soup would need to be thick and high quality. He does not want to be forced to pass on these increased costs to customers.

Nick says that he is “strongly against” the cheap and low quality polystyrene popular with kebab vans and many of his competitors. However, he believes that the hard plastic used by Java Laksa is easy to re-use and recycle, so it shouldn’t be considered single-use. Java Laksa has a sign encouraging customers to “please return plastic containers back to us for recycling … or re-use them yourself.” Nick told Cherwell that he would also appreciate it if the government helped ease the transition by subsidising the cost of biodegradable packaging for street traders.

Hassan from Hassan’s kebab van on Turl Street told Cherwell, “It’s a good idea but it’s bad for me.” He currently uses orange styrofoam containers; he previously used eco-friendly ones but they were just too expensive. An eco-friendly container costs around 90p, so a hundred containers is equivalent to as much as a night’s salary. The extra cost will need to be somehow compensated. Hassan is also wary about the environmental benefits of the switch, as he believes most containers will still end up in the trash anyway rather than be properly composted or recycled.

After the decision, Green Councillor Lois Muddiman said, “We know that single-use plastics have a massive environmental impact – both in their production and their contribution to problems of littering.” According to the other Green Councillor, Rosie Rawle, “Independent, small traders are the beating heart of Oxford’s economy” and accordingly “have an important role to play in addressing our city’s environmental impact.”