Wednesday 20th August 2025
Blog Page 389

Covid-19 case numbers drop in Oxfordshire

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Oxfordshire has observed a decrease in new coronavirus cases in the week ending January 14th as compared to the previous week.

Case numbers by local authority are as follows, with statistics from the week prior in brackets:

Oxford – 532.6 (down from 564.1)

Cherwell – 537.5 (down from 901.6)

Vale of White Horse – 289.7 (down from 400.7)

South Oxfordshire – 304.1 (down from 435.7)

West Oxfordshire – 294.6 (down from 385.0)

The total number of cases in Oxfordshire in the week ending January 13th was 2832 with a rolling rate of 409.4.  This constitutes a total decrease of 1113 cases or -28.2% compared to the previous week.  

The Thames Valley Police, the largest non-metropolitan police force in England and Wales serving 2 million people across Buckinghamshire, Berkshire and Oxfordshire, has warned that event organisers “could be given a substantial £10,000 fine and those attending will face enforcement through a fine,” fixed at £200 for a first offence, doubling at further offences up to £6,400.  

Nearly 1,000 fines have been handed out by the police force since the start of restrictions last year for offences ranging in severity from not wearing a mask to mass gatherings.

The Oxfordshire case rate remains above the national average.  On Tuesday, the region reported a further 17 deaths as the country as a whole recorded its largest ever death toll from coronavirus.

Oxford UK’s least survivable city during zombie apocalypse

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A groundbreaking report published by SaveOnEnergy ranks Oxford last on a list of most survivable places to be in the event of an undead invasion.  

It may distress some of our readers that Cambridge ranks first with a score of 348 out of a possible 700.  However, Cherwell would like to remind any concerned citizens that it would hardly be sporting if Oxford was better at everything.

The paper is the latest in a series of studies conducted by SaveOnEnergy, a UK-based firm that provides consumers with price comparisons for a range of energy, personal finance, insurance and communications services.  

It orders 40 of the UK’s most populated towns and cities based on their self-sustainability and ‘greenness’, awarding points on eight different factors: solar energy produced per year, farming area, the number of farmers per city, air quality, outdoor space, recycling centers, wind farms, and the number of electric vehicle charging points.  Marks were subtracted instead of added for air quality, bringing the total number of available points to 700.

Oxford scored 82 points, separated by a large margin from Preston, which came second last and scored 104 points.  The study notes that “despite having some of the most farmland of all cities studied, Oxford was let down by its lack of onshore wind farms, lack of outdoor space, and clean air.”  The city is one of eight in the UK that house zero wind farms and ranks 38th and 23rd on its proportion of farming land and air quality respectively.

Zombies aside, there is clearly much room for improvement in Oxford on the sustainability front.  Better recycling and more solar energy production are just some other ways we could make the city a more environmentally friendly place to live.

Oxford University has been approached for comment on whether SaveOnEnergy’s reveal about Oxford’s anti-undead security (or lack thereof) might cause prospective candidates this year to choose Cambridge instead. We can only hope the university is hard at work on emergency measures to protect its members and compensate for the city’s overall vulnerability.  Otherwise, a zombie apocalypse might leave Oxford’s survivability dead last, and its inhabitants just dead.

Review: The Social Dilemma

The Netflix documentary, The Social Dilemma, depicts the rise of social media and personalised online services. Deeply unnerving, it shows us not only their power over each and every one of us, but also their damage to society.

Despite being a documentary, truths are revealed through help of a fictional plot. We follow teenager Ben (Skyler Gisondo), who falls under the spell of an algorithm (Vincent Karteiser). We can relate as he tells himself that, if he wanted to, he could give up his phone. Yet instead, and to the worry of his older sister (Kara Hayward), social media gradually helps draw him towards the ‘Extreme Center’.

But the plot is only secondary. The true messengers are Tim Kendall, former president of Pinterest (and Director of Monetization at Facebook), Justin Rosenheimer, inventor of the ‘like’ button, and a whole cast of other really, really big fish. The testimonials of these experts – ranging from the co-creators of Google Drive to the author of ‘You are not a gadget’ – are as personal as they are alarming. 

That big social media and tech companies aren’t actually offering their services for free isn’t news to anyone. After all, “[if] you’re not paying for the product, you are the product”. But it’s not just that they’re selling your data. The creators of the platforms explain that it’s not really about learning about you – your data isn’t actually worth that much – but about changing you. The aims are those little changes that occur within you that make you more likely to keep scrolling, more likely to buy a product. “We want to psychologically figure out how to manipulate you as fast as possible”. 

The most alarming element is not just the facts. It’s seeing the fear in the creators of Facebook, Google and co. – some of which have since left the respective companies. When even the people who have helped build the platforms, who know them and their aims better than any outsider can ever hope to, are worried, how can you not be? 

But the queasy feeling in your stomach after watching The Social Dilemma is not really fear. It’s a much more sober worry about the implication of these massive tools of public manipulation for democracy. It’s a worry about the increasing division in our society, the rapid spread of false news, without our being conscious of it. It’s a worry about the massive power held in the hands of a few powerful, unelected, individuals.

That non-fiction can be dramatic is nothing new to director Jeff Orloski. In 2014, his award-winning documentary Chasing Ice visualised the terrifying effects of the climate crisis. Yet in The Social Dilemma, he didn’t seem quite ready to let the power of facts and narrative speak for themselves. Instead, music, bass and cuts made it less classic documentary and more action film. But instead of increasing the intensity, this forced dramatisation took away the impact of the testimonials themselves. That the short-term joy of a ‘like’ is based on quasi-withdrawal symptoms for the remaining period of time, has much more impact than bombastic music.

Instead, The Social Dilemma could have spent a little more time on presenting possible solutions. Yes, it reminded me to be critical upon my own social media consumption. It reminded me to ask not just if it makes me happy, but also to question if those emotions may be the product of algorithm engineering. And I would definitely recommend The Social Dilemma to anyone looking for the tools to better understand and question their own behavior. 

But, if I’m honest, it doesn’t seem enough to simply give people ten reasons for deleting their social media accounts. So long as start-ups and organisations continue to be run on Facebook, this cannot, and will not, be a viable option for everyone. The Social Dilemma highlights that social media is far from being a purely private phenomenon. It is political. And so long as we live in a democracy, it should be us, and not a few individuals in Silicon valley, deciding how we want to use these powerful tools. 

Image credit: Photo by Jakob Owens on Unsplash

Current UK lockdown has ⅓ less impact on population movement than March lockdown, Oxford study finds

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The University’s Covid-19 impact monitor shows that the January lockdown has so far had “one third less impact on movement” than the initial national lockdown last March, and that some areas are still moving at above 50% of pre-pandemic levels. This data is from the 8th of January, 3 days after the national lockdown went into force.

In the March lockdown, population movement fell by 89% on average. During the new lockdown, population movement has fallen by 59% on average. In Oxfordshire, population movement has fallen by 70.13%, a higher decrease than the national average. 

The data shows that the North East is overall the area with the highest population movement, where it has remained above 50% of pre-pandemic levels, with the North West just under 50%. The South East reported the lowest levels of movement, at a third of pre-pandemic movement.

The flow of people outside of their region has only fallen by 22%, whereas in the March lockdown it fell by 65%. Overall, the study classes only 28% of the population as “home stayers,” in comparison to 45% during the first lockdown. 

Nearly 1000 lockdown fines have been handed out by the Thames Valley police since the lockdown started, covering Oxfordshire, Berkshire, and Buckinghamshire. 771 of these were issued in the first few months of the pandemic, with only 97 linked to the November national lockdown. 

Dr Matthias Qian, co-director of the impact monitor, said: “Our mobility measures show signs of lockdown fatigue among Britons. Despite the overflow of hospitals with COVID-19 patients, the behavioural change and mobility patterns responded less than during the March lockdown.”

Dr Adam Saunders, co-director of the impact monitor, said: “As widely reported in the media, there have been growing concerns over adherence to this third lockdown, with pockets of evidence suggesting that some members of the British public have been moving more despite public health warnings highlighting the increased transmissibility of the virus.”

“This latest data shows what we believe to be the first national picture of the third lockdown’s effectiveness along with better insight into why the spread of the virus has proved so difficult to contain this time around.”

Oxford City Council has been contacted for comment.

Cambridge University launches foundation year program for disadvantaged students

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Cambridge University has announced a new foundation year program for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. The program has 50 places available across 13 pilot colleges, and will have an offer of BBB rather than the university’s standard A*AA. 

Some of the groups that the Foundation Year aims to reach include “those who have been in care, those estranged from their families, and those who have missed significant periods of learning because of health issues. […] Other possible candidates include students who have been unable to access suitable qualifications, those from low income backgrounds, and those from schools which send few students to university.”

Overall, the program will aim to support those who have faced disrupted education, and would be unable to make a successful application through the standard admissions process. The Foundation Year will be free for students, who will have one-year scholarships funded by a £5 million gift from the philanthropists Christina and Peter Dawson, money which is also being used to launch the program. 

Rather than focusing on a specific subject, students will participate in “an engaging and challenging multi-disciplinary curriculum in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences that will prepare them for further study in these subjects.” Students that successfully complete the program will be able to progress to these subjects at Cambridge without needing to re-apply. 

The foundation program will be assessed with a CertHE certificate, which is equivalent to the first year of a Bachelor’s degree. Students that fail to attain the certificate, or wish to apply to other universities, will be supported by the program in doing so. The University states that they anticipate that more subjects could be added in the future, including STEM subjects. 

Currently Lady Margaret Hall is the only Oxford college to offer a foundation year, which it launched in 2016. They offer admission to 9 subjects with offers ranging from AAB-BBB, including STEM, Social Sciences, and Humanities courses. The University of Oxford is currently in the process of developing a university-wide program. 

Professor Graham Virgo, Senior Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Education at The University of Cambridge, said: 

“The University’s work to explore new ways of widening access and closing the attainment gap caused by inequality is absolutely vital at a time when those the Foundation Year is aimed at – who already face exceptional disadvantage – are likely to have felt the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately.”

“Cambridge is committed to further diversifying its student body and welcoming all those who have the ability to achieve here, regardless of background.”

Alan Rusbridger, Principal at Lady Margaret Hall, has been contacted for comment.

Introducing the UK Emissions Trading System

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As part of the UK government’s “Energy White Paper” released in December, the UK has unveiled its own Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), which has been in effect since the start of the new year, replacing its participation in the EU ETS.

How does an Emissions Trading System work?
The ETS, also known as the cap-and-trade system, is a mechanism used to reduce CO2 (or equivalent) emissions. The government sets an emissions target called a ‘cap’, which is the maximum total amount of emissions to be released per year. This maximum is then reduced over time, in line with the UK’s 2050 net-zero emissions target. The government divides the cap into permits, which are allowances to emit a fixed amount of emissions. It then allocates or auctions these allowances to businesses, who can trade them amongst themselves in the market. 

Emissions Trading System vs Carbon Tax
Economists love discussing the pros and cons of a carbon tax versus the cap-and-trade system. Both the carbon tax and the ETS reduce emissions by putting a cost on carbon emissions. However, they do it in slightly different ways. Essentially, a carbon tax sets a fixed price for carbon emissions, while the ETS sets a fixed quantity of emissions instead. A cap-and-trade system is attractive for environmental reasons, because the risk of emissions exceeding the cap is low. However, in cap-and-trade the price for permits fluctuates according to market demand, making it harder for firms to budget in advance. Currently, it would seem that cap-and-trade has won favour in the UK. Many other countries are also adopting a similar policy, including China, which will be launching its own ETS system in February this year.

What does the UK ETS cover?
The UK ETS applies to energy intensive industries, the power generation sector and aviation, as was the case under the EU ETS. Around a thousand UK-based businesses are affected. However, the UK government has stated in the Energy White Paper that they are “committed to exploring expanding the UK ETS to the two thirds of uncovered emissions”. This policy is now possible with the UK having its own ETS. In addition, the UK ETS will continue to use auctions as a means of introducing allowances into the market. However, certain sectors such as operators of installations and aircraft operators will be eligible for free allocation of allowances.

The UK ETS is in many ways a continuation from the EU ETS system, but is stricter and slightly more ambitious. A tighter annual cap is proposed, which is around 5% lower than the UK’s notional share of the EU cap it held before. In addition, the fines that are imposed for emissions that exceed allowances will be increased from EUR 100 per tonne to GBP 100 per tonne. Compensation to energy-intensive industries will also be lower under the UK ETS. This is all in the hope that the UK ETS will be the “world’s first net-zero emissions trading scheme”.

Avoiding carbon leakage
In any discussion of climate policy, it is important to take a global perspective. Especially now that the UK has more ambitious targets than the EU, it is likely that the market price of carbon emissions will be higher in the UK than the EU. This increases the risk of carbon leakage, which is when businesses relocate their operations to countries with laxer emission constraints and a lower carbon price. This has the potential to defeat the whole purpose of the ETS which is to reduce global emissions to fight climate change.

At present, carbon leakage is partly mitigated by the free allocation of allowances and compensation to businesses. These allowances can also potentially be used as part of industrial policy, to incentivize certain industries. Another way to address carbon leakage is to align national policies through an international climate agreement, or through a policy similar to the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism recently announced in Europe’s Green Deal. A carbon border adjustment mechanism works by imposing a tax on imported goods based on their carbon content. 

By having similar policies like these in place, coupled with making the UK an attractive place to invest and do business, the UK can effectively mitigate the effects of carbon leakage. It can then take the lead in setting its own tougher environmental policies, and be the example for others to follow. 

Image credit: Photo by Paul Fiedler on Unsplash

Becoming Hir

My belief in the wide scope of family dramas drew me to see Hir in London’s Bush Theatre in 2017. I was surprised by such an innovative approach and felt it would be a great play to write about (particularly in the current global climate) in relation to necessary change. Hir is a subversive and radical take on the dysfunctional family drama. For one, it is a comedy on queer theory and gender fluidity in which potentially over-theorised concepts, which do not necessarily enhance the visibility and representation of transgender people, are brought to life in a chaotic family context.

All that should probably not be said or done, is eventually said or done. The play’s cathartic nature hinges on New York playwright Taylor Mac’s darkly playful approach to gender issues. Mac introduces the setting as ‘the kind of home that, no matter how hard you clean, will always seem dirty… a starter home that never really got started and can’t seem to end.’ Hir takes place in a ‘house built by a first-time builder in the early ‘70s’ during a particularly hot summer in rural California. The play begins with a homecoming: Isaac, a marine, returns to find the home he grew up in completely transformed.

While Isaac’s sibling Maxine now identifies as ‘hir’ and is injecting testosterone, the home’s previously abusive patriarch is being fed oestrogen and dressed as a woman by Paige (the mother). Paige’s actions reflect her rejection of subjugation by a violent masculine force; she refuses to clean anything (so the house is an absolute tip). In the opening scene, Paige wastes no time in shocking her son Isaac, as soon as he returns, with her repudiation of gender norms, roles and social practices. Full of joyful rage, she proclaims: ‘We’re getting rid of things and stopped caring’.

Hir is a striking family tragicomedy.

Image credit: David Hubelbank/Montclair Film.

Supporting right-wing populists linked with climate scepticism, says Oxford study

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There is a strong link between climate scepticism and support for right-wing populist political parties, according to a new study from the University of Oxford and Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences.

The study combined the internet browsing history of over 9,000 participants in six countries including the USA and UK with survey data to establish whether there was a link between support for populist parties and climate scepticism. Over 15,000 website visits were tracked over three months.

Four variables were tested to see if they had any link with climate scepticism: political attitudes, awareness of climate change as a result of the efforts of climate activists, the media outlets subjects relied on, and the content of those outlets with regards to climate change.

The research was inspired by the rise of populist parties in the UK and USA, which often opposed efforts to put combating climate change at the top of the political agenda. The study defined climate ‘sceptics’ as people who denied anthropogenic climate change, which is caused by human activity. According to NASA, at least 97% of actively publishing climate scientists agree that the trend of global warming over the previous century is caused by human activity.

Dr Pu Yan, the lead author of the paper, commented: “Our research shows supporters of right-wing political parties favour policies to tackle climate change to a significantly lesser extent than supporters of other parties.  Whilst such parties might have a range of views, the common denominator is that they distrust the scientific consensus.”

Unlike right-wing populist parties, no link between supporting left-wing populists and climate scepticism was identified. The study also found that non-populists who were less interested in politics were more likely to be climate sceptics than populists.

The study also found that right-wing populists were over twice as likely as their left-wing counterparts to visit “hyper-partisan news domains”, making up 20.83% of their most visited websites compared to 9.52%.

Professor Ralph Schroeder, another author of the study, commented: “Our study shows that populists are highly interested in the politics of climate change.  They seek a coherent worldview that bolsters their ideas about climate change and the science of climate change, so that it fits their overall political agenda.” Further research is needed to ascertain any link between climate scepticism and a lack of faith in democratic structures.

Image: Kerstin Langenberger/CC. BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons

Russell Group’s student newspapers call for safety net

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For the first time ever a joint editorial has been published in the student newspapers of the Russell Group universities, calling for the implementation of a “no detriment or safety net policy” in examinations this year.

The editorial, which featured in Cherwell, urges the Russell Group institutions to put in place measures similar to those of the University of York. Their students have been given certain guarantees to try and minimise the impact of the pandemic on the final degree graduates leave with.

Editors from across the different universities have pointed out that “we are living through what are undeniably unprecedented times” and that the policy towards exams “does not match the reality of what many students have faced, and are continuing to face, this year”.

As part of this disruption the move to remote teaching during the pandemic is cited, along with the fact that “students have repeatedly said they have not been adequately supported throughout this pandemic” by their universities despite the “hard work of teaching staff”. 

Another of the concerns raised was the impact of the pandemic upon students’ mental health and wellbeing. Figures from WONKHE and Trandence which suggest that students feel more lonely and isolated as a result of the coronavirus crisis point to what is described as a “mental health crisis among young people”. The lack of resources within students’ home environments is also cited as a reason for adjusting exam requirements this year.

The newspapers are calling for a policy similar to that of the University of York to be adopted by all the Russell Group Universities. First years will be able to resit any failed exams up to the value of 90 credits, while the weightings of the second and third year will be readjusted, with candidates able to choose the better mark. Those behind the editorial believe this will ensure students can “simply focus on their studies, confident they will not be impacted by COVID-19, whilst preserving the value of their degrees to employers”.

The editors from the various newspapers have also stressed that they are in a unique position to put forward concerns given that “not only are we students ourselves but we are also in constant contact with the students at our respective universities, as part of the function of our extracurricular roles”. This means that they have a “unique insight” into the “attitudes, viewpoints and beliefs” of those studying at university.

The article was written in response to a statement from the Russell Group published earlier in the month. The organisation, which represents 24 UK universities and 446,450 undergraduate students, announced that they “do not consider that using the same algorithmic approach to provide individual ‘no detriment’ or ‘safety net’ policies, which were introduced by some institutions as an emergency measure at the end of the last academic year, is necessary or appropriate this year”.

The universities claim that were they to take such action their degrees may no longer “command the confidence of employers and professional bodies”. However, a student backlash to the policy has grown, with three of Oxford University’s newspapers issuing a joint article calling for a reversal of the position earlier in the month.

Last year, the university instituted a “safety-net” policy for students. At the time the decision was taken “to reduce the risk that students may be disadvantaged by the conditions in which they revise for and sit their exams in the exceptional circumstances of the CV-19 pandemic.” Summative assessments taken prior to Trinity term could be taken into consideration in order to determine both grades and degree classifications. However, work undertaken in tutorials was not allowed to be included as it was deemed “not sufficiently rigorous or consistent”.

In response to the university’s decision not to implement a similar policy this year, the Oxford Students Union has organised a “Fair Outcomes for Students” campaign which is calling for the university to “implement an empathetic approach by reassessing their plans for workload and assessment”. The Union plans to lobby the university to ensure individual and cohort challenges are recognised, while it urges students to get in contact with those involved in examination arrangements at a course level.

One of Cherwell’s editors-in-chief, Lucy Tansley, explained the aim behind the editorial.

“We’re hoping that in joining together with students in a similar position at other universities that our collective voice may be listened to in making policy changes to exams that will ultimately have a significant impact on our future”.

Amelia Horn, the paper’s other editor-in-chief added: “It’s really exciting to be working with the other papers on such an important project for the student body. It’s clear that across the UK there is a mood among students that they have treated unfairly, and this is something that we felt was important to demonstrate.

“It seems the Russell Group not only consider teaching to not have been disrupted, despite having almost a year of remote or blended learning, but also that the general distress caused by living in a pandemic is not enough to require special circumstances. This has led to a nationwide injustice for the 2021 graduate cohort as well as younger years taking exams and coursework.

“A joint statement between Russell Group papers is something never done before and we hope that this will platform student voices that seem to have gone ignored thus far.”

Photo: Mike Peel

City Council suspends non-essential services

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Oxford City Council is planning to cut non-essential services over the coming weeks in order to “comply with lockdown regulations”.

The ODS, a private company owned by Oxford City Council, say it will ensure that services such as street cleaning, urgent housing repairs and MOT testing will continue. Recycling sites will also continue to be available to residents.

However, there will be no grass cutting or ground maintenance, and pavilion and sports facilities will remain closed. Work in kitchens and bathrooms is also due to be suspended owing to the fact that it “involves extended presence by ODS staff inside, in confined spaces”.

From the 17th January the Peartree Park and Ride facility outside the city will also be closed. The Oxford Bus Company has suspended all its services to the destination.

Services that will continue despite the lockdown include:

  • Waste, food waste and recycling collections, including real, unadorned, Christmas trees.
  • Cleaning in the city centre and district centres
  • Pest control
  • Street cleaning and litter picking, cemeteries maintenance, emergency tree work and general response highways and engineering services including repairing safety defects, jetting and winter gritting, landscaping and highways schemes
  • Internal emergency and urgent responsive housing repairs
  • External housing repair work, disabled adaptations and work on void properties
  • MOT testing
  • Construction projects
  • Bookings for bulk waste collections

Councillor Nigell Chapman, Cabinet Member for Consumer Focussed Services, said: “The City Council and ODS are determined to keep vital services going for our residents during this lockdown. To do this we need to target our resources where they will be most effective and this will mean we need to suspend some of the less essential services we offer. With Covid cases rising in the city and more staff having to self isolate, we must ensure we have enough staff to deliver our vital services which are used by most of the population. 

“We look forward to ODS resuming all suspended services once the circumstances permit it.”

Image: Stephen McKay.