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Oxford Majlis Society returns

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After decades of inactivity, the Oxford Majlis Society has re-established its presence at the university, launching the Majlis Magazine and electing a new committee.

Despite a legacy of informed debate, the South Asian debating society fell into inactivity in recent decades, and efforts are now being realised.

The Majlis was originally founded in 1896 as a debating society to campaign for Indian independence in the UK. The society was set up with a structure modelled on the Oxford Union and the Cambridge Majlis.

Srishti Arora, a member of the steering committee, told Cherwell: “Majlis is important to ensure that Oxford’s historic connection with South Asia is never forgotten, for the students to have a safe space to debate issues in South Asia and to promote unity between South Asian students.” Majlis played a role in the Indian independence movement and was investigated by the Home Office and Foreign Office for its associations with independence leaders such as Liaquat Ali Khan, one of the founding fathers of Pakistan. The society can also be seen to have influenced South Asian politics post-independence, with Benazir Bhutto, the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan, and Indira Gandhi, India’s first female Prime Minister, both members of the society. Rabii Malik, a second year studying PPE at St. Anne’s and the president of the Pakistan Society told Cherwell: “The revival of Majlis is a much-needed initiative empowering South Asians at Oxford and offering us a unique way.

Majlis played a role in the Indian independence movement and was investigated by the Home Office and Foreign Office for its associations with independence leaders such as Liaquat Ali Khan, one of the founding fathers of Pakistan.

The society can also be seen to have influenced South Asian politics post-independence, with Benazir Bhutto, the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan, and Indira Gandhi, India’s first female Prime Minister, both members of the society.

Rabii Malik, a second year studying PPE at St. Anne’s and the president of the Pakistan Society told Cherwell: “The revival of Majlis is a much-needed initiative empowering South Asians at Oxford and offering us a unique way to stay in touch with our heritage.”

The Majlis steering committee have launched a magazine, a series of debates and an active fundraising campaign in order to raise their profile.

An active committee member, Musty Kamal, told Cherwell: “The reason I was so eager to restart the society is because it is so important.

“With divisive rhetoric becoming commonplace in South Asia it is important that students at Oxford, who will be instrumental in shaping the region, build on our common values and common vision.”

Musty Kamal has re-launched the Majilis Magazine this term.

Shahnur Chauhan, the elected secretary, told Cherwell: “Majlis represents a time when students from similar backgrounds discussed issues that mattered in an attempt to make a difference.

“The platform is required because the problems may have changed but they certainly do exist.”

Bubble Tea: The Definitive Review

Bubble tea (also known as boba, or pearl milk tea) was first invented in Taiwan, typically made with black tea, milk, sugar, and a generous helping of tapioca pearls. In Oxford alone, there are 5 bubble tea shops, so we (two Asians from Hong Kong) decided to compare and contrast them to give a definitive review of which bubble tea is the most value for your money. To standardise the taste test, we ordered a regular-size classic bubble tea from each shop, with regular sugar and ice, and had our ratings peer-reviewed by several members in college.

Chatime (6 Gloucester Street – just off George Street)

PRICE: £3.70 (50% off first drink with the Chatime app)

TASTE: Overall, this was a decent bubble tea – the tea had an artificial taste to it, and the bubbles a little on the chewy side, but still tolerable.

AMBIENCE: The shop on George Street was definitely meant for just takeaway – there was almost no seating available, and the place was small and basic.

COMMENTS: people in college accurately summarised it as “white people bubble tea” and “basic bitch bubble tea” – it was perfectly average, which is to be expected given that Chatime is a relatively popular global franchise. Apart from tea, Chatime also serves other drinks like fruit teas, creamy mousse drinks, coolers, and lattes, with 19 different toppings to choose from.

Coba (9 Cornmarket Street – in the Covered Market)

PRICE: £3.80

TASTE: This was on the worse end of the spectrum out of the 5 – the tea far too sweet and artificial, and the bubbles extremely hard and chewy with a weird chocolate aftertaste.

AMBIENCE: Similar to a mini cafe/restaurant, the shop was covered in colourful and cute decorations, with Polaroids and post-it notes all over the walls.

COMMENTS: One can also buy instant ramen and various Asian snacks here. Apart from tea, Coba also serves fruit juice, creamy mousse drinks, smoothies, and milkshakes. There are 12 flavours available.

Formosan (128A High Street – opposite the Wheatsheaf)

PRICE: £4.25 (20% off with OUCS or 10% with Oxford Union)

TASTE: This was a high-end bubble tea experience. The tea was flavourful with no aftertaste, and the bubbles were soft and larger than average.

AMBIENCE: The waiting area had very basic bar-style seating, but further in is a small Oriental Tea Room, which makes for a unique workspace. Also, the whole place smells of roasted tea, which adds to an already great atmosphere.

COMMENTS: Also serves peanuts and pistachios, as well as kombucha (fermented, bubbly, alcoholic sweet tea) on tap. Although there is less variety on their menu – only 3 types of tea and 3 toppings – they definitely make up for this in quality.

Fantastea (36 High Street – opposite University College)

PRICE: £3.85 (20% off with OUHKS or Oxford Union)

TASTE: This bubble tea was definitely of good quality: the tea was tasty, and the bubbles were nice and soft.

AMBIENCE: The shop is quite large compared to the others, with a great layout perfect for socialising or working in during the daytime. It was well-lit and clean, and had the most modern design overall.

COMMENTS: Apart from tea, Fantastea’s “cream crown” drinks are very popular, and they also serve various lattes, coolers, and fruit teas with 8 toppings to choose from.

QTea (116 Cowley Road – next to the Cowley G&D’s)

PRICE: £3.69 (cash only)

TASTE: By far the worst bubble tea. It was mainly the bubbles that made us dislike it – it had an awful aftertaste and ruined the taste of the tea itself once you let it sit for a while.

AMBIENCE: There were a few wooden tables and chairs and some basic decor, but otherwise there isn’t much to comment on.

COMMENTS: There are a variety of board games available to play for free. There are 13 flavours, 3 types of tea, and 4 toppings to choose from. QTea also serves fruit tea, or fresh tea without milk.

The verdict:

Highest quality of bubble tea: Formosan. You can’t beat real tea, the bubbles were a delightful experience, and it was probably the healthiest option too.

Best shop: Fantastea. It had the largest store and most well-designed layout – plus, it’s the most accessible given it’s in Central Oxford.

Most variety in menu: Fantastea/Chatime. Chatime has a dizzying selection of toppings, but Fantastea probably has better drinks options.

Best overall: Fantastea. Considering it’s only 6p more expensive than QTea, which was the worst out of the five, and 40p cheaper than Formosan while maintaining a similar quality, it is extremely worth it – especially if you can get a discount.

Preview: Skin a Cat – an interview with playwright Isley Lynn

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If you have heard of Skin a Cat, the play which graced the Edinburgh Fringe last year, it’s either because you saw the host of awards it picked up, or – more likely – because you’ve seen the vibrant grapefruit (read: labia) of Britomart Production’s show plastered across JCRs and social media. It’s an interesting marketing strategy. It’s also a very effective strategy, because – as I’m soon to find out – this is a play which is anything but shy. “My cunt’s broken,” says the main character, Alana (Millie Tupper), to a man she’s just met in an art studio. It’s an outspokenness I wish I had in my everyday life, but watching her journey – from the age of nine to twenty-five – it’s clear it’s not always been there.

The ‘brokenness’ is a condition called vaginismus, an involuntary contraction of muscles around the vaginal opening. It’s a condition which makes any form of vaginal penetration extremely painful – and, for those who see penetrative sex as the be-all and end-all, it’s easy to see how misconceptions and feelings of despair could easily be built up. Despite it’s commonness – a 2017 BBC news report stated nearly 1 in 10 British women find sex painful, with vaginismus being a large contributor – the name is largely unheard of.

With an introduction to two stools – “this is a queen-size bed”, director Kitty Low informs me – the play is up and away, and I’m taken through three scenes, each at very different points of Alana’s life. I notice a slight tendency towards men being terrible – though often charmingly endearing – with Peter (Hannah Taylor) particularly convincing with a multitude of character tics, and Gerry (Harold Serero) bringing new meaning to the term ‘mansplaining’. But the play isn’t just about heterosexual relationships, it also explores the dynamic between Alana and her mother, her doctor, and her psychiatrist – each bringing their own preconceptions of the disease to the table. It’s skilful in showing how, even without malicious intent, it’s easy to be clueless – and hopefully this script will go some way to dispelling these very misconceptions.

For a play about genitals, I’m informed it’s remarkably unsexy. Although there is, intriguingly, a ‘movement director’ (Victoria Liu) for some of the more ‘acrobatic’ moments, there’s no nudity, and the frustration associated with the act comes through loud and clear. But it’s also incredibly funny, both in script and in performance – a reference to “eating olives seductively” has me giggling, and a purposefully cringey illustration of a secondary school birthday party brings back some sixth-form memories.

Who is the audience for this play? Director Low claims that it is primarily for people our age – and while it will resonate with people who have vaginas, due largely to the intimate subject matter, it’s a play which can be seen – and should be seen – by a wide audience. One actor notes that she’s particularly glad that her male friends are coming to see it, regardless of its immediate relevance, as it’s something they wouldn’t have attended otherwise. If nothing else, it’s a play which will spark conversation, and certainly raise awareness – and that, as the characters say, is “fucking brilliant”.

“I know far too much about random people’s sex lives now. It’s a – privilege.” I’m lucky enough to speak with the original scriptwriter, Isley Lynn, about the Oxford production, but the conversation quickly devolves into a series of anecdotes about the aftermath of the play, which first premiered in 2016. I suggest that it’s because she’s putting so much of herself on stage – or at least the audience believes her to be – that there’s that openness. She agrees, but notes the semi-fictional nature of her work: it’s autobiographical, but “not all of it is true”.

The reason it’s not an autobiographical work is because things in real life don’t always work out quite so well. The medical professionals in this play are largely helpful, even where they haven’t been in reality: Lynn tells me that this is in order to encourage those who need help to seek it. (Even a show which is more coming-of-age than diatribe has a duty of care.) It’s a surprisingly sensitive approach to scriptwriting which takes the audience into account from the start: a script intimately aware that it’s educating many people for the first time.

The conversation takes several interesting turns, including an interesting discussion regarding censorship. Lynn notes that, despite the fairly self-explanatory subject matter, she was asked not to say the word ‘vagina’ on a radio interview (though apparently the word ‘vaginismus’ was fine). It goes to show how taboo the subject still is in the media, which is easy to forget when enveloped within the university sphere – which might make this student-run production all the better. Lynn stands by her mission of “championing radical honesty”, and a university with a magazine called ‘Cuntry Living’ might be a better ground for the conversation than, say, prime-time BBC. “I trust young people to get it,” she laughs.

That’s not to say this is meant to be a particularly radical play. It was originally conceived as an “awkward coming-of-age story”, and from what I saw in the preview the hallmarks of it are very much still there: a clumsy makeout session at an underage party is more Perks of Being a Wallflower than We Should All be Feminists. Lynn says the reason it’s since been pigeonholed as a ‘play for women’, for want of a better phrase, is that male stories are seen as universal: narratives in any way seen as other – female-led, minority ethnic, or LGBTQ+ – are still thought to occupy their own secluded niche.

But as both Low and Lynn stress, it’s a narrative which can, and should, be seen by everyone. The final scene I saw – a relentless, breezy epiphany, beautifully handled in all its profanity by Tupper – emphasises this point more than any: it’s about “creating your own metric for your own happiness”. Society is filled with milestones for all of us, things which should seem effortless but so often aren’t: health, marriage, Insta-perfect lives, penetrative sex. There are “entire magazine empires” built around maintaining this status quo. Once you have taken this metric into your own hands, you are able to redefine what it means to be happy on your own terms. And that’s a message for all of us, regardless of gender.

I’m extremely, but pleasantly, surprised to find that Lynn has had zero communication with Britomart Productions despite being heavily involved with all previous productions (including last year’s tour). With her most recent play War of the Worlds also performing in Oxford this week (at the North Wall) – “same style, very different subject matter” – there’s a clear sense of a playwright moving past her success onto bigger and bolder things. At the same time, Britomart Productions’ piece feels self-assured and explorative – a theatre company coming into their own. With typical candor, Lynn sums up her own feelings towards this departure: “Skin a Cat is the most important thing I’ve done in my life, and for the first time it’s not me driving it. So I’m really excited to see how it’s going to go.” With my ticket already booked for this week, so am I.

Skin a Cat is at the BT Studio from 12th-16th February.

The rise of lo-fi

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Unprofessional, unsophisticated, and unpolished. No, it’s not my most recent essay feedback, but instead three words used to describe lo-fi music on its Wikipedia page. Lo-fi music is a genre which incorporates imperfections from the production and recording processes into the final piece. It’s asserted itself in various genres over the years, including indie, hip-hop, and more recently house. But why do artists like DJ Seinfeld, XXXtentacion, and blu choose to include these imperfections in their works, and more importantly why do we listen to them?

Part of the reason seems to lie in individuals’ affinity for certain ages of the past. The ‘mistakes’ in lo-fi music are reminiscent of a time when recording equipment was fallible and produced an imperfect sound. Embedding oneself within the past is an appealing way of dealing with anxieties of the present. It’s easy to look back nostalgically to a time we never actually experienced and filter out any of the epoch’s negatives, instead focusing on its aesthetic beauty, or social authenticity. This coping mechanism is also evident in the way the record player has reemerged as a popular way to listen to music, or imitation of the 80s/90s fashion sense. Lo-fi music plays a part in this culture of creating a possibility for the past within the present, particularly when one considers that many use music as a form of escapism. What better way to escape from the present than to pretend, just temporarily, that it doesn’t exist at all.

Above all, lo-fi’s popularity seems to stem from the way it adopts our own flaws and becomes harmonious with the anxieties and concerns we have about ourselves and our abilities. Lo-fi music embeds itself within the materiality of the music industry through its imperfections. It serves as a reminder of the equipment used to record it, and lets this material culture become a part of the genre. Humans’ fundamentally self-conscious and anxious state has intensified with the rise of social media, where airbrushing, filters, and selectively posting all provide an image of others’ lives which is quite dislocated from reality. High quality music can point to these insecurities, and attempt to convince us of the producer’s struggle with them. The Script can try and convince us they’ve felt what we’ve felt in a break-up, Kanye West can claim he’s experienced the same frustrations about friendship, and Adele that we truly will find someone like you. But it’s only lo-fi music that allows us to fully engage with a song’s meaning, as it stoops to our own levels of imperfection. The genre recognises our worries and recreates them on a meta-musical level, deepening the connection between listener and producer beyond just a surface level acknowledgment of each other’s insecurities.

It seems contradictory that anyone would enjoy listening to a genre which is defined by its imperfections, yet we do. We do because we too are imperfect. The perfect art form is quite alienating and intimidating, it doesn’t and can’t really feel particularly relevant to us. It’s a different spec, a different breed. The lo-fi genre accepts human’s fundamentally flawed nature by presenting itself as a material product of human fallibility. It’s a genre which we don’t just have to listen to, but can participate in.

Oxford SU backs PPH inclusion in College Contribution Scheme

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Oxford SU have voted unanimously this
week to support the inclusion of Private Permanent Halls in the College Contribution Scheme. Regent’s Park JCR President William Robinson proposed the motion, and Mansfield College JCR President Saba Shakil
seconded it.

During the meeting, Robinson told the council, “I don’t know how you could possibly justify excluding literally the poorest institutions and poorest student bodies in Oxford.

“Essentially, this motion seeks in some small way to get the discussion going on why PPHs are not included in the college contribution scheme, and I hope to mandate the Student Union to push for the inclusion of PPHs in the next College Contribution Scheme.”

Private halls of study founded by Christian denominations have existed in Oxford since 1221, and in 1918, a University statute permitted non-profit private halls to gain permanent status. PPHs tend to be smaller than colleges and offer fewer courses, and although they are independently run, their students are full members of the University.

The CCS requires colleges with taxable assets exceeding £45 million to give to a fund from which poorer colleges can apply to receive grants. Cherwell previously reported that Christ Church, St John’s, and All Soul’s provided 38% of all contributions in 2016/17.

Currently, PPHs are not included in the CCS despite having fewer assets than any colleges. Documents obtained from the UK Charity Commission indicate that St Stephen’s House has the highest endowment of a PPH, with £17,829,000 in 2017. St Benet’s Hall has the least at £146,000. In comparison, the total assets of Harris Manchester— the poorest college — are 24,797,000.

The Council motion mandated that the SU President write to the Chair of Conference of Colleges on behalf of PPHs and poorer colleges to “see the benefits of a new College Contribution Scheme.”

It also encouraged JCR and MCR Presidents to lobby heads of houses for their inclusion.
Members of the audience voiced concerns during the question period about whether the motion would increase the amount that wealthier colleges would have to pay under the CCS.

Robinson replied, “The only change that I want to enact at this point is including PPHs, which may mean yes [there will be] potentially less money available for other poorer colleges in the pot. But this motion does not
ask for more money from the rich colleges.”

The motion passed without opposition.

Robinson told Cherwell in an interview after the meeting: “I’m very happy that the SU passed this motion. I think it’s going to be able to achieve good things for PPHs and go some of the way to addressing the fundamental problem that PPHs don’t get proper representation or any kind of decision-making capability at the highest level of central University governance. With the SU behind us, it’s a small step towards making the changes we can
at this moment.”

While expressing his pleasure with the vote’s outcome, Robinson is aware of the major challenges PPHs still face to receive a cut from the CCS. He added: “Getting PPHs involved in the College Contribution Scheme involves a bit of turkeys voting for Christmas. If we are included, the poorest colleges who currently have access to the fund that’s created by the tax on the richer colleges will have less money to apply for, because we will hopefully be taking a good proportion of it.

“That’s the biggest problem: It’s getting heads of houses to vote on something that fundamentally doesn’t benefit them or their student bodies but is something that is good for the wider university in ensuring that the student experience is positive at all colleges and PPHs.”

Chair of the Conference of Colleges, Rick Trainor, told Cherwell that: “a new College Contribution Scheme, if it is enacted, will be a scheme approved by, and administered under the auspices of the University; the Conference of Colleges is still debating proposals for the University’s consideration.

“For these reasons it would be inappropriate for Conference to make any comment on the issues.”

SU President, Joe Inwood, said on the issue, “Students are increasingly dissatisfied with the inconsistencies between colleges in provision for key aspects of the student experience.

“From college counsellors to travel grants, conference funds for graduate
students to sports funding, there is clearly wide variation at present between the richest and poorest colleges.

“Head of colleges need to pay attention to these concerns when a future College Contribution Scheme is discussed at governing bodies, and I encourage JCR and MCR Presidents to engage in this issues.”

MEP writes to University Vice-Chancellor after being disinvited by Polish Society

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Lib Dem MEP Catherine Bearder has written to the University Vice-Chancellor after being ‘uninvited’ from a panel debate at the Congress of Polish Student Societies, which took place last weekend.

In the letter, seen by Cherwell, Bearder wrote: “I am sure you are aware that the Equality and Human Rights Commission recently released new guidance on defending free speech in universities and ensuring campuses remain a forum for open debate.

“I hope you are able to speak to the Congress of Polish Students organisers and the Oxford University Polish student society about the debate and explain to them that they must adhere to this guidance for future Congresses.”

Bearder was originally invited to debate the pro-Brexit Conservative MP Daniel Kawczynski on the impacts of Brexit on European countries on a panel called “Poland and Brexit – Friends or Foes”.

Bearder’s invitation to the conference was withdrawn on Friday after she tweeted: “I’m debating Daniel Kawczynski MP in Oxford this Saturday in front of Polish university students studying in the UK. When I say debating, I mean trying to put the little unicorns Daniel lets free every now and then back in their stables.”

The Congress, which happens annually, is a 2-day event aiming to debate issues relevant to Polish students in the UK, provide networking opportunities for Polish students and workshops with Polish young professionals to provide career opportunities. It attracts over 400 members of Polish student societies across the UK.

Oxford University Polish Society invited Stefan Kasprzyk, a Liberal Democrat who supported Remain, to replace Bearder.

The University Polish Society explained their decision, saying: “We decided to invite Mr Stefan Kasprzyk instead of Mrs Catherine Bearder to our discussion panel collectively, as the Conference’s organising committee. An online exchange, primarily concerned with issues irrelevant to the Polish student community in the UK, caused concerns that the panel debate would not be focused on the topic of Brexit in the Polish context, but instead it would be overshadowed by issues specific to internal British political controversies.”

In her letter to the Vice-Chancellor, Bearder continued: “I find it totally unacceptable that a debate held on University premises called the “Brexit debate” with two opposing viewpoints on the issue would deem it appropriate to drop a participant because of “negative attention towards a tweet.” Oxford University has a proud and world renowned tradition of free speech and should not accept this kind of behaviour, which looks like censorship on campus, lightly.”

“What was really shocking, though, is that when Polish journalist Jakub Krupa asked why I was uninvited, the organisers said that I “pulled out”.

Oxford University Polish Society said: “Firstly, we would like to apologise to Mrs Catherine Bearder and all concerned for the timing and manner in which we communicated the change of arrangements, and for any upset caused. We aim to hold ourselves to a high professional standard, which we failed to meet in the way the change was conducted.

“However, we strongly deny the charges of stifling free speech, let alone censorship. We are deeply committed to free speech and consider it to be an important part of our identity as a student body. In organising the conference, we are doing our utmost to ensure that the conditions for free debate are ensured and that a range of views are duly represented. We therefore invited Mr Stefan Kasprzyk, a Liberal Democrat and a vocal supporter of the Remain campaign, to represent views that are opposed to Mr Kawczynski’s. We therefore consider charges in that matter to be unfounded.

As a team responsible for continuing the 12 years of tradition of social activity of the Polish students’ diaspora in the United Kingdom, we would like to apologise. We hope that this unfortunate event will not overshadow the importance of debates held at the 12th Congress, focused on the role of Polish students and their organisations in British civil society.

“We have also reached out to apologise to Mrs Catherine Bearder personally.”

A University spokesperson said: “The University played no role in this decision. The University is strongly committed to freedom of speech and we encourage our students to debate and engage with a range of views.”

Restaurant Review: La Cucina

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You could describe walking into La Cucina as a temporally transportive experience away to a cosy, rustic, ocean-washed ‘ristorante,’ not out of place among the sandy cobbles and sun-dried walls of an Italian fishing village. Anyway, that is how one of my friends jokingly described the setting as we sat waiting for our meal, and while such words probably reveal more about English students than the restaurant itself, there are certainly glimmers of truth in her words. 

Perhaps the first thing one notices about the restaurant is the wonderful sense of openness. Whether it is the dangling display of chillies and garlic that hang from the ceiling above the kitchen, or the carefully arranged bowls of tomatoes, peppers and aubergines spread out across the worktop, the visual frankness of the layout is immediately impressive. Seated next to an assortment of pasta packets, herb jars and innumerable wine bottles, the general impression was that ingredients could be picked out from the wall behind you and cooked up before your eyes. Indeed, the open-plan kitchen offers the delightful satisfaction of being able to both watch and smell your food being prepared, as well as the chance to chat to the chefs as they transform colourless malleable dough into mouth-wateringly delicious pizzas.

Coming to the food itself, it is not an exaggeration to say that I had one of the best pizzas I’ve eaten in a long time. Ordering the ‘Calzone pizza Vesuvio,’ I was intrigued by the presence of the words calzone and pizza in the same dish, and was curious to see whether it could live up to its volcanic name. Luckily my hopes were not misplaced, with the first slice into the calzone resulting in an eruption of creamy cheese, the sweetness of which was perfectly balanced by the fiery spices of the chilli and sausage within the bread. Other popular dishes were the ‘Pizza alle verdure,’ a tasty option for vegetarians, those with dairy intolerance, and fans of chopped aubergine, as well as the ‘Pizza de Frutti di Mare,’ for seafood loves. The only complaint that any of us could have related to our inability to finish the gigantic portion sizes. On top of this, the fact that all six of us at the table ordered some kind of pizza says something about the stand-out quality of their oven-baked speciality. 

When it came to dessert, the profiteroles were absolutely delicious, and the chocolate sauce they were drizzled in added just enough liquor to delicately contrast with the rich plumpness of the chou à la crème. I was also told that the ‘Torta di ricotta’ was another stand out, with another complimentary balancing of flavours, this time Italian cheese cake with candied grapefruit. When the bill arrived, everyone was satisfied with the reasonable price, and was more than a little bloated as we began our walk back to college. Perhaps on the logistics side La Cucina could up their game, however: blunt knives were provided to cut through the thick pizza bases, and a rather rickety table shook whenever anyone cut into their meal too vigorously. Nevertheless, to the credit of the staff, the table-leg was eventually rectified by one waiter’s innovative use of some folded paper order slips. As well as this, we were constantly looked after by the staff, with little details, such as offering breadsticks at the start of the meal and consistently replacing our empty water jug, exemplifying a brilliant level of care and attention for their customers. 

All in all, La Cucina offers a charming wealth of Mediterranean food into the rain-swept streets of Oxford, and while they can’t do anything to change our city’s weather, they can offer a brilliant taste of the Italian coast.  

A special place in hell?

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Making the headlines last week was the unprecedented and frankly outrageous news that a certain politician has offended certain other politicians.

I am referring, of course (what else would it be?), to the news that Donald Tusk, president of the European Council, made a remark that those who advocated Brexit without a proper plan have a ‘special place in hell’.

By ‘plan’ he was largely inferring to the Tory Party’s chaos of opinion on the Northern Irish backstop.

Naturally, the victims of this malicious attack responded maturely, evidently disappointed that politics had descended to such name-calling and insulting.

Andrea Leadsom called Tusk ‘disgraceful’ and ‘spiteful’, former UKIP leader Nigel Farage labelled him an ‘unelected, arrogant bully’ while the DUP’s Brexit spokesman Sammy Wilson chose the rather quirky ‘devilish Euro-maniac’.

We should be so proud to have these good people in British politics and not the childish bureaucrats of the European Union!

The point is, insults such as these are thrown around all the time in the world of politics. Imagine if we swapped one Donald for another, and reported every insult that the President of the United States crammed into 280 characters?

Rhetoric is used to convince, and, as all public speakers will know, the more shocking and memorable, the more effective.

The late Liberal Democrat Lord Paddy Ashdown was famously reminded of the danger of this in 2015, when he said he would ‘eat his hat’ if his party lost the dozens of seats that the exit poll predicted. Tusk is doing nothing new, yet he faces enormous backlash.

This is because when a right-wing, anti-establishment figure uses this kind of language, no one bats an eyelid, yet when a centrist, establishment politician such as Tusk descends to the same level, it is a scandal. Tusk can’t win.

He is, in the eyes of the Brexit campaigners, a crooked enslaver of the British people disguised as your average establishment politician; don’t be fooled, beneath the receding hairline, plans for world domination are being hatched!

Yet, when he slips and resorts to the level of certain Brexiteers such as Nigel Farage, he is labelled as arrogant, divisive, and despotic. If Boris Johnson had said such a thing, he would be hailed by the right-wing media for speaking the truth. Donald Tusk using the very same language used by so many Brexiteers paradoxically ‘proves exactly why we should leave the EU’, according to Jacob Rees-Mogg in an article for The Sun. In other words; its only okay when we do it, Donald!

In the midst of all of this, Downing Street thought it time to weigh in on the drama, stating that Tusk’s remarks are ‘not helpful and have caused widespread dismay’.

The problem Theresa May faces is that the European Union is interested in securing the safety and prosperity of both Northern Ireland and the Republic. The Prime Minister, on the other hand, doesn’t really care what happens, as long as it can get through parliament.

In fact, this attitude forms the current nucleus of her rhetoric – my deal or no deal. Her entire game plan is built on bringing the whole country as close to the chaos and uncertainty of no deal as she can, so that MPs might decide to choose her deal as the marginally lesser of two evils.

But is this not a complete failure of democracy? May sees leaving the EU as an end in itself – once we’re out, then she has delivered on the ‘will of the people’. But this is completely twisted. MPs first responsibility is to work in the interest of the people; this is the principle representative government is founded on. ‘My deal or no deal’ is a threat – vote it through, or the country will suffer.

She may deliver Brexit, but nothing like the one people asked for, the one leave-vot- ers thought would make their lives better.

So, yes, for our master pragmatist Prime Minister, Donald Tusk’s deep concerns about the Irish border aren’t helpful.

He is being divisive and dogmatic, whereas May is the one calling for unity. But this unity has the sinister implication that MPs should abandon their own convictions about what is best for their country, that they should cease to represent those that voted them in.

That’s not to say division should always be welcomed with open arms, but instead that Brexit is simply too crucial to legitimately adopt such an ‘anything goes’ attitude.

Sure, Tusk’s remark is hostile, and inflammatory, but perhaps that’s what’s needed in order for hard-line Brexiteers to understand the grave potential for dangers facing Northern Ireland after leaving the European Union.

The backstop is an insurance policy, so that if the negotiations are not sorted out in the two-year transition period after March 29th, there won’t be a hard border between Northern Ireland and Ireland. Given that the removal of security and checks at the border was a cornerstone of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, the Brexiteers who wantrid of it put peace between the Republic and Northern Ireland at risk.

This was barely even considered by the Leave campaign in the 2016 referendum, an ambivalence that has only strengthened as the ERG and others are willing to put the two decades of stability between the two countries on the line to achieve their deluded and damaging vision of Brexit.

So I don’t blame Donald Tusk for saying they deserve a special place in hell; it could be hell that is unleashed if they get their way.

Review: Waiting for Gary – ‘surpasses the Beckettian classic’

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When I first saw the play’s evocative title, I was immediately reminded of Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot. However, Agnes Pethers’ finely calibrated production proved to be a pleasant surprise, as in certain ways, it surpasses the Beckettian classic.

The premise of Waiting for Gary is a simple one. Two adults in a NHS maternity ward. Three chairs. The Financial Times. And magic.

None of the surreal apocalyptic setting of Godot, nor the absurd slapstick, were needed. What we have instead is a universal humour that focuses on the simplicity of our everyday lives and the inherent funniness within.

Yet Waiting for Gary is not played only for laughs; it is entertaining because of the emotional truth underlying the humour. “Comedy is a powerful tool for discussing social issues,” explained Katie Sayer, the writer and President of the Oxford Revue: “once you’ve made an audience laugh, you can use comedy to disguise some quite serious points.”

Indeed, as the play moves fluidly between motifs such as pornography, parenthood, unplanned pregnancies and pooing during labour, the audience were confronted by shocking and often unheard truths, through the lens of our two main actors: Dorothy McDowell as Anya, and Tom Fisher as Chris. The two have been divorced for eighteen years but are finally reunited outside the maternity ward, waiting for Gary, their grandson.

Framed in the luminous white light of an intimate stage, the actors are constantly called to perform in a fantastic display of nervous energy. Anya, characterised by her sarcasm and incisive discourse, has a commanding presence on stage. The way she engages and interacts with the audience and the way she paces back and forth maintain a razor-sharp tension in her performance. I found it especially entertaining to witness her throwing Chris’s words back at him verbatim in her many passionate outbursts, much to the latter’s dumbstruck dismay. As the play progresses, it is heartwarming to see her attitude to her ex-husband changing from icy coldness to gradual reconciliation. Her position on stage reflects this fact, as she begins to sit next to Chris and even teasingly bumps his arm.

At times exasperated, at times tender, Chris has a certain Chaplinesque air about him. Not only does he farcically spark their interaction by reading a porn magazine under the Financial Times, but he is also the source of many blissfully funny moments throughout. Nervously crossing and uncrossing his legs, running his hand desperately through his hair, but also peeping at Anya when he thinks she is not looking, he was particularly masterful with his body language — in his character, the unspoken enjoys as much importance as the spoken lines.

At this point, I would like to give a honourable mention to the third most important ‘character’ — the Financial Times. Once a barrier and camouflage for the pair to hide behind in their awkwardness, one of the most iconic scenes in the play involves them repeatedly raising and lowering their newspapers, almost like a shield. However, as they warm to and reconcile with each other, the newspaper then duly served its purpose, and is left tattered on the seat.

Unlike Godot, Gary finally arrives after nearly an hour of tension and hilarity, and with him, the ending of the play. There is something satisfactory about its ending: unlike the numbing no show of Godot, the audience can join together in the celebration of new life. Both for Gary and our stars, Anya and Chris.

Urban Decay

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The banner of ‘l’art pour l’art’ has been criticised for providing a shelter for the obscene and grotesque. Taking root from the French artistic movement championed by Baudelaire and Huysmans, the aesthetes’ emphasis on the pursuit of beauty went so far as to guide not just their views on the arts, but on life and pleasure generally, leading to the association of the movement with indulgence and excess.

There can be a beautiful chaos in decay, and the turn of the century saw a new generational anxiety encroaching around degeneration and mass upheaval. From the 1880s, French fin-de-siècle literature and the height of the Decadence movement would come to fruition around this pessimism, but it was pre-empted by Charles Baudelaire in the mid-19th century.

His 1857 Les Fleurs du Mal was a foundational text in bringing motifs of decay in line with delight – his ‘Spleen et Idéal’ examined the corrupted state of society and the boredom he associated with modern life. Baudelaire was fascinated by the contrast of the ephemeral and the eternal, founding his conception of modernity which he would later classify as “the transitory, the fugitive, the contingent”. Throughout the collection, his struggle with Catholicism is obvious and perhaps explains part of his draw towards sin. He describes how his soul delights in the fires of Hell in Horror Sympathique (Harmony of Horror), while in Destruction he laments how toy-like he feels at the hands of a demon. Whether this is literal or personal is never made clear, although we can assume the latter; this haunting seems to engender a separation from God and a feeling of spiritual isolation.

Despite its later publication date, French writer Joris-Karl Huysmans’ 1884 À Rebours (Against Nature) is equally seminal in the study of decadence and is best known for its profound influence on Oscar Wilde, specifically credited for being the poisonous volume which brings so much devastation in The Picture of Dorian Gray. Huysmans’ antihero, Des Esseintes, praises Baudelaire for having “shown the increasing decay of impressions while the enthusiasms and beliefs of youth are enfeebled”, leaving only “miseries borne, intolerances endured and affront suffered”. It’s evident that Baudelaire’s theories of ennui and the spleen permeated culture and birthed a generation of literature examining urban boredom, morbid curiosity and absolute amorality.

It seems paradoxical that Decadence would associate decay with growing urbanisation, and yet, across all such literature there is a tortured sense of anonymity and listlessness within a crowded metropolis. Baudelaire opens Le Cygne (The Swan) by pairing the metropolitan Paris with the classical exile of Andromache, and yet insists that this is a fertile breeding ground for creative inspiration and memory.

Huysmans’ Des Esseintes also portrays the desire for seclusion within the Parisian hordes, needing to be in the capital to confirm this solitude. Wilde follows this bridging theme of decadent literature in The Picture of Dorian Gray, juxtaposing the self-imposed loneliness of the portrait and the real-life Dorian’s anguished secrecy with the glittering social engagements he increasingly resents.This contrast between reality and artifice is usually associated with Gothic convention, but its prominence across the Decadent should not be underestimated.

However, the metropolis is more than just the culmination of creative exile in bustling society; the urban capital is presented as a place rife with opportunity for observing degeneration, making it the perfect seat of aesthete values and decadent living. For Baudelaire, Paris provided a place to ruminate upon the transitioning landscape and social decline he saw before him, and his famous Tableaux Parisiens are noted for their general absence of city-dwellers, and the later poems Les Aveugles (The Blind) and Les Sept Vieillards (Seven Old Men) are notable for their cruel apathy towards suffering. For Huysmans and Wilde alike, the crowded town provides a cover for hedonistic exploits and the pinnacle of decadent living for the upper classes – Huysmans is detailed in his listing of Parisian boudoirs and excess, while Wilde depicts the seedy underworld of the East End as the centre of vice and degeneration.

As doctor Max Nordau famously wrote of Wilde, the decadence movement was implicitly infatuated with “immorality, sin and crime”. There was something fascinating about social decay, and the complete abstraction of beauty from morality, context or critical analysis. A direct derivative from the Greek word for ‘pleasure’, hedonism is invariably tied up in decadence, but divorces indulgence from the degeneration decadence views as inevitable.

Lord Henry in The Picture of Dorian Gray is Wilde’s main mouthpiece for aesthete philosophising, and his separation of art from action as “superbly sterile” is symptomatic of Decadence. The aesthetes sought beauty in artistic expression completely liberated by traditional or contemporary standards, seeing social or political motivations as mediocre and distracting.

This led to decadent literature being seen as perverse, however, Baudelaire’s impassioned verse and the libertine living of Huysmans and Wilde’s heroes are proponents of the amorality of the genre, and all of these three champions of Decadence transgress – and offended – contemporary sensitivities. Huysmans’ Des Esseintes seeks the height of beauty at the expense of compassion in bejewelling a tortoise, describing the creature’s death in such emotionless detail in stark contrast to paragraphs of listing exotic jewels in grandiose luxury. Subjugating the living to the quest for pleasure is comparable to Baudelaire’s intertwining of Debauchery and Death as two good sisters of ‘terrible pleasures’, and Wilde’s tragedy of inevitable death and moral decay is equally intertwined with pleasure.

Though any study of decadence should be considered in the light of its indifference to morality and contemporary standards, the predilection of its literature to morbidity and depravity led to issues of censure, with Baudelaire being condemned “an insult to publicmorals”, fined, and the publication of Fleurs du Mal restricted. The Picture of Dorian Gray was similarly criticised for distorting Victorian standards, and the homoeroticism was obscured in a revised edition.

Though ultimately the French movement failed to sustain itself after the eclipse of its founders, the impact of the Decadence era was felt across Europe and was significant in encouraging the subversion of moral standards. While its ideals were increasingly distorted, betraying that earlier abstraction from reality through application of the decadents’ ideas to social and political exploits, figures such as Wilde still managed to emphasise pleasure above all else.

“Beauty, real Beauty ends where an intellectual expression begins”, claims Lord Henry in Wilde’s Dorian Gray – perhaps we should also appreciate the irony of criticising or reading too far into a movement solely based on sensuous delight.