Saturday 7th June 2025
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Why The Nightmare Before Christmas is the most underrated Christmas film

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The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) was one of the least successful Disney movies ever made, although it was eventually released through Touchstone Pictures after being deemed too scary and threatening for a mainline children’s Disney movie. In the box office, it made about 1/10th of what Aladdin made. If you’ve heard of it, it’s probably because it was re-released by Disney in 2006 and popularised during the emo scene, as its songs were covered in an album by Fall Out Boy, Marilyn Manson, Panic! At the Disco, and others. Subsequently, it’s often thought of as a movie for people trying to be edgy (and who haven’t fully let go of 2006…).

If nothing else, it’s unlike any other Christmas movie. At one point the protagonist Jack Skellington powers Christmas fairy lights with an electric chair. The music and lyrics were written by Danny Elfman, chosen by Tim Burton because of Burton’s appreciation for Elfman’s twisted new-wave band Oingo Boingo, an act that was by no means writing music for children. Subsequently, viewers were presented with a kid’s movie in which there are multiple songs about the kidnap or cooking alive of Santa Claus. The protagonist is a Byronic hero, the skeleton king of Halloween Town, and although my English tutors might be disappointed, I still appreciate his balladic soliloquies almost as much as I appreciate Hamlet’s. After all, one of his claims to fame is ‘since I am dead I can take off my head to recite Shakespearean quotations.’

So a monologuing skeleton man gets wanderlust after years of stasis of only ever managing Halloween and steals Christmas to run, more in search for an intellectual challenge than anything else. This is one of the factors that sets it apart from other Christmas movies – it’s framed in terms of a fundamental dissatisfaction with holiday tradition being routinely accepted. Jack Skellington does not want to keep doing Halloween just for the sake of it, and the moral of the movie is certainly not something about the holiday spirit. After an Icarus moment of being shot out of the sky by surface-to-air missiles while delivering Christmas presents (yes, this does happen), Jack sings about wanting to create a Christmas more memorable and greater than any which has come before. The purpose of a holiday is not to go through yearly cycles of going through the same ritualistic tradition every year. The purpose of a holiday is a successful act of escapist transportation into another world. By abandoning routine, stumbling into the Christmas world, and obsessively putting everything into stealing Christmas for himself, Jack Skellington is doing exactly what we should do with a holiday: letting its lore and atmosphere inspire us as a break from the mundanity of our own lives.

There are several Christmas movies that confuse me as to why they are even ‘Christmas movies.’ Heckle me in the comments section, but I’ve always found people excusing Love Actually’s content on the grounds of it being a Christmas tradition a little disturbing. The uncomfortable nature of glamourising cheating in Alan Rickman and Keira Knightley’s sections, men abusing their power dynamics over women who are literally their servants and can’t even talk back in Hugh Grant and Colin Firth’s segments. There are so many movies that just present a romance with the backdrop of Christmas, just making us bitter single people feel even more bitter during the holidays as the shared cultural experience creates a pressure to try and find love over the winter.

Most Christmas movies end up presenting the themes of family, sharing, or love, even though these are values that we should really hold up at all times of year. The Nightmare Before Christmas shows that it is fine to find a holiday dull, or to question the purpose of repeating it every year, but suggests that a holiday can be a magical break from life if you make it your own and interpret it in a personal manner. It has a soundtrack to rival any other musical, a very dark tone, and a message about holidays unique amongst other Christmas movies. If you’re going to watch one new Christmas movie this holiday, make it this one.

 

Fur and the necessity of consumer engagement

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If you’ve scrolled through Instagram at any point in the last few weeks, you’ll be aware that faux fur is back for winter.  And not just the classic “oh this? It’s my grandmother’s” 50s-style coat. This year: the bolder, the better.  Influencers are swathed in their brightly-coloured Shrimps purchases, and the trend received the official stamp of approval by Burberry, who sent Cara Delevigne down the runway in a floor length “rainbow” cape earlier this year.  Inevitably this is has filtered down to the high street in a big way. Fur has truly become fashion.

Despite the variation in style, one thing is consistent: it is all “faux”.  Faux fur has long been championed as an ethical alternative to real fur; brands are at pains to stress that they do not use real fur, as are influencers, who (presumably to pre-empt a tirade of abuse from their followers) ensure that their captions clarify that their coat is indeed “faux”.  Real fur, it seems, is off the menu. Animals are not harmed in the name of fashion, the brand gets a good image, and consumers get that warm fuzzy feeling both inside and out.

Unfortunately, it is not that straightforward.  Recently environmental campaigners have been calling for a renaming of faux fur to ‘plastic fur’, as it is made from and sheds harmful plastic fabric that takes thousands of years to biodegrade.  This revelation is not particularly surprising; we have long been aware that the use of synthetic materials in clothing is hugely detrimental to the environment.   Like the anti-fur movement caused us to think about the consequences of wearing fur, this new movement against “fast fashion” is causing us to think about sustainability and the impact of our behaviour as consumers on the environment.

As exemplified by the real fur vs faux fur debate, it is not always possible to reconcile these two viewpoints.  From a sustainability perspective, real fur is far better for the environment: it can often be sourced second-hand, is biodegradable, and lasts significantly longer than faux fur; on the other hand, unlike real fur, faux fur garments do not cause direct harm to animals in their creation (though it has been observed that synthetic microfibres entering the water systems from washing plastic fabric are filling the stomachs of fish).  Ultimately, there is no single correct answer – the decision to buy real fur, faux fur or neither is a personal one, and depends on our individual moral and ethical views.

Crucially, this issue also highlights another decision that we as consumers need to make – whether to inform ourselves of the direct or indirect consequences of our purchasing habits, or to remain ignorant. The wealth of information now available to us, means that it is almost uncommon to read the news or to log into Netflix without seeing an article or documentary on the environmental impact of the fashion industry and plastic usage. It is no longer acceptable to let our purchasing decisions be guided purely by the latest trend in consumer sentiment, or what brands tell us is the more ethical choice.  

This type of herd mentality encourages a lack of engagement in our purchasing decisions, which can be harmful, as it may cause us to feel more easily satisfied by making “good” choices, and to overlook our other more problematic shopping habits.  Buying a faux fur coat does not make one an ethical consumer, and neither does eschewing plastic straws. The same is true for bringing our own bags to the supermarket if we then feel it gives us license to, for example, ignorantly shop at stores that have a record of poor supply chain practices. If don’t truly engage with why we are doing these things, it leaves the risk that any positive habits we have formed will fall by the wayside as soon as that issue is no longer at the forefront of public consciousness.

Educating ourselves on these issues will allow us to become more conscious consumers and to make better informed decisions about our purchases.  It would allow us to consider, for example, why many of us wouldn’t wear real fur, but would be perfectly content to buy a leather handbag or shoes.  Our motivations are complex, and our actions often hypocritical, and as such it is beneficial to take time to understand them in order to gain a better insight into why we make certain decisions.  Through the collective acknowledgement that every purchase also has an ethical and environmental price tag, this will result in a shift towards shopping habits that will be better for the animals, the environment, and the planet.  

Beyond Juvenal: “who will guard the guardians?”

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I hear always the admonishment of my friends:
“Bolt her in, constrain her!” But who will guard
the guardians? The wife plans ahead and begins with them.
(Juv.Sat.VI.346-348)

“Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?” asks Juvenal in his sixth satire, detailing the issues with preventing your wife from being unfaithful. Who will guard the guards themselves? That is to say, who is faithful enough to guarantee the behaviour of others, or is able to be beyond reprimand themselves?

Within the context of the Satire, it is clearly a humorous proposition. Juvenal’s line is in response to the suggestions of his friends that they chain up their wives to prevent them running amok, and he counters hyperbole with hyperbole. A line of questionable value to a modern feminist, certainly, but clearly a stock situation – one need only look to Ovid’s notorious Ars Amatoria to see that a wife’s adultery was practically a given in ancient literature.

All of this was unknown to me when, recently viewing the 2009 film Watchmen for the first time, I happened to recognise these words smeared in red paint across a wall. However, I didn’t recognise the quotation from the Satires (which, being a post-mods classicist, I probably should have) – instead, I recalled the same line from Terry Pratchett book. Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? Who watches the watchmen? (Or, as Pratchett puts it in the early Guards! Guards!: “Quis custodiet custard?”)

It’s an unusual case of extreme cross-cultural reference. But Juvenal’s line is unusual, not so much because it has lasted since ancient times (though admittedly, that in itself is amazing) – many artworks are fond of quoting a semi-philosophical Latin maxim to give their work that added ambiguity. No: what is so startling is that, when transposed into the realm of new-age superheroes, it’s taken such a dark tone. From a cameo in Batman vs Superman to a narrative in Judge Dredd, the TV Tropes webpage is full of such references.

But why this quote in particular, and what’s the reason for its persistence? It seems the morally-grey tone of these series are what have enabled the quote to have its continued impact. It carries an inherent suspicion of those placed in positions of authority; but while in Juvenal this is the hired help, a person who is able to be controlled at some underlying level, here it is applied to those in authority over us. Moreover, it concerns those who have not been chosen by us, and it is suggested that we would not be able to rid ourselves of it if we wanted to. Juvenal’s bodyguard can be dismissed at will, but the likes of Superman cannot be dealt with so easily.

Such an interpretation is, in fact, by no means new. Even in Plato’s Republic a similar idea is raised, and this has found its way down through Mill to the present day. In many ways, the threat of an authoritarian government is democracy’s greatest fear; a ‘watchman’ chosen for the people, which is unable to be removed when it rebels against its duty. It’s the same idea which resonates when we are confronted with accounts of police brutality. The people we choose are meant to be the ones who protect us, but when they turn against us, the fault still seems to reside with ourselves. We ‘should have known better’. We shouldn’t have voted for that candidate; Juvenal should have paid the cash for a better guard.

Or perhaps the money would have made no difference. There is, after all, a certain inevitability to the corruption of power – at least as each form of media would have us think. Unbridled power never seems to be able to be handled responsibly. With the dark turn of superheroes, there’s no longer a Superman who uses his power for good. There’s no longer a government who will do good left unchecked.

For his part, Plato seems dismissive of the issues raised, which, given his own pro-authoritarian bias, isn’t particularly comforting. Perhaps in the mass of pop-culture references this is the core philosophy being returned to – a negative interpretation which, somewhat ironically, has its roots several hundred years before Juvenal even put pen to paper. Is this what Juvenal has in mind when he jots down such a witty maxim? It’s not far-fetched to assume it is, but, in an ironic twist, it’s a humorous subversion which has so succinctly captured the authoritarian issue at the heart of a philosophical epic.

With so many dark and gloomy interpretations permeating what was most likely meant to be a light-hearted and jovial work, it is perhaps only fair that I return to Pratchett’s Discworld series – where I first stumbled into this rabbit hole – and offer up my own optimistic interpretation, or misinterpretation, as the case may be. Perhaps it’s the series’ sympathetic, reliable guards, or maybe it’s the ambiguity of the original custodiet, but I translated it somewhat differently – Who will protect the protectors themselves? In other words, who will ensure that we look out for each other? It’s a far cry from Juvenal and his adulterous wife, and it’s nowhere near the cynicism of modern politics, fictional or otherwise. But it is, I think, an apt question to ask. And that’s what makes Vimes’ reply to the rhetorical question so comforting: “I do.”

OULC signs letter condemning Chris Williamson

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The Oxford University Labour Club has become one of 30 University Labour organisations to sign a letter in condemnation of MP Chris Williamson, after he tweeted in support of a musician condemned for expressing anti-Semitic views.

Gilad Atzmon, a jazz musician, was prevented from performing in Islington alongside The Blockheads by the local council, which is held by Labour. Williamson tweeted a petition calling for his reinstatement.

The letter called on the party leadership to “withdraw the whip from Chris Williamson until he listens to the concerns of the Jewish community and properly educates himself about antisemitism.”

The letter, written by the Edinburgh University Labour Club, read: “Today Chris Williamson’s actions have again shown a complete lack of respect for the Jewish community. He repeatedly platforms and supports antisemites and takes no responsibility for his actions. We wholeheartedly condemn this.”

Mr Williamson later tweeted: “I was asked to share the petition after being told that a ‘jazz musician who plays with the Blockheads has been banned by Islington Council merely because of his pro-Palestinian views’. Clearly I shouldn’t have taken that at face value.

“Gilad Atzmon was undoubtedly banned because of his deplorable anti-Semitic views, which have nothing to do with the Palestine solidarity movement and certainly nothing to do with me. I am truly sorry.”

Disabled Students Officer and the Social Secretary of OULC, Isabella Welch, told Cherwell: “Following the motion OULC passed condemning anti-Semitism within the Labour Party as a whole at our Trinity General Meeting, the Labour Club Executive Committee decided without objections that the logical extension of this motion was to sign the open letter condemning Chris Williamson, along with nearly thirty other university Labour Clubs across the country.

“An apology from Williamson is not enough, as he has consistently shown an inability to learn from past mistakes. Only a withdrawal of the whip from Williamson will allow the Labour Party to send an appropriate message to the many who have been offended and hurt by his actions.

“It is the ethos and a foundational value of the Labour Party to stand up against all forms of racism, and we as a university Labour Club are disappointed that the Party leadership has not yet taken suitable action against Williamson.”

The national Labour Party leadership has yet to respond to any condemnation of Williamson.

 

Does Tumblr’s porn ban actually make the site safer for anyone?

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On 17th December, microblogging site Tumblr banned ‘explicit sexual content and nudity’. This ban marks the end of a process of sanitisation of the site that began when it was bought by Yahoo in 2013, and the beginning of the end of Tumblr as a safe space for LGBTQ+ people, women, artists, and sex workers.

When Yahoo bought Tumblr in 2013 for a hefty $1.1 billion (including liabilities), the company were buying into millennial counter-culture before the rest of the world had realised what mainstream millennial culture was. Tumblr was, and in some ways still is, the home of devoted fangirls (and a few fanboys) producing reams of content inspired by countless books, TV shows, and films. This aspect of Tumblr is unlikely to change much in the wake of the site’s recent ban of adult content: GIFs and edits that don’t feature nudity or sex will be unaffected, as will written erotica.

This is where the Tumblr Staff’s vision of ‘a better, more positive Tumblr’ starts to crack. Visual material featuring explicit sex scenes will no longer be allowed to be shared on the site, limiting the extent to which fans can appreciate their favourite shows and films: they can no longer share and create art featuring sexually explicit content that, in most cases, they have already seen. Moreover, such content was already automatically hidden for all users with Safe Mode (introduced in 2017, and nearly impossible to disable), as was other adult content. This should have been enough to keep such content hidden from minors and those who did not want to see it.

Look a little deeper into the semantics of the ban and its real targets appear. This ban was introduced to ‘keep the community as safe as possible’. This explanation was the ‘tl;dr’ form of the fact that Tumblr was removed from the App store, after its filters proved ineffective at stopping child pornography. This is an oversight that should not happen on a site as big as Tumblr, and indeed does not happen on other social media platforms.

The removal of the Tumblr app from the App Store was probably the final straw, not the only reason behind the ban. Tumblr was one of the few places on the Internet where sex workers could practice their trade following an amendment to US legislation that held the owners of websites liable for the facilitation of sex work on their sites, and the site had a massive pornbot problem. Anyone with a Tumblr account probably had several pornbots following them. A blanket ban on all adult content was the easy way to cull the pornbots and protect the owners of Tumblr (now Verizon, who bought Yahoo in June 2017) from the legal consequences of sex workers operating on the site.

This all points to neglect of the site by its new owners, heavy reliance on algorithms and not enough real, human moderation.

Tumblr staff revealed the ban’s more sinister side, however, through the actions they took in the two weeks between the ban being announced and it being enforced. In those two weeks, content in the queer and LGBTQ+ tags was being automatically flagged as NSFW. For decades LGBTQ+ people have been trying to show a cis and heteronormative society that their experiences of gender and sexuality are not inherently perverse and degenerate. Tumblr was a space where LGBTQ+ people could feel safe and had created communities in which they could explore their gender and sexuality away from such judgements. That space no longer exists. Tumblr staff have shown that they perceive any LGBTQ+ content as inappropriate simply because it is LGBTQ+, whether it is sexually explicit or not.

Whilst it is now more difficult for LGBTQ+ people to find content on Tumblr that validates and celebrates their identity, nothing has been done to tackle the growing neo-Nazi presence on Tumblr. Blogs that share overtly racist and violent content have been untouched by this ban, and another recent change in Tumblr’s community guidelines that allowed all hate speech to be reported, which they took the pains to defend against claims of ‘censorship’: ‘we are fierce defenders of free expression’, does not seem to have hindered the growth of this side of Tumblr at all.

Worst of all, the announcement and wording of the ban show what Tumblr is becoming. Setting aside the blatant misogyny apparent in the fact that ‘female-presenting nipples’ are no longer allowed to be shown in a sexual context on Tumblr, the phrase suggests that Tumblr’s ineffecient moderating team are to decide whose nipples are female and whose are male. As a result, they become the gatekeepers of trans identities on Tumblr. Not only that, but the same moderators who have already decided that LGBTQ+ content is innately inappropriate have also been given the power to decide which instances of nudity are politically, medically, or artistically significant, and which are not.

The Tumblr that gave LGBTQ+ youth access to pornographic content made by and for people like them, the vocabulary that allowed them understand and vocalise their identities, and a community they could find friends and role models within, is dead. In the words of an executive who left the site last year, “Nobody at Yahoo ever understood what they bought and what Tumblr was. That fundamental issue is the core of lots of problems.” This ban, and the effect it is having on marginalised communities who have nowhere else to go, is the final result of that misunderstanding. Tumblr was never a neat, conformist platform like Instagram or Facebook. Banning adult content cannot change that and all Tumblr can do now is cling onto those users who don’t know where else they can take their content.

Sleigh-ing it on Christmas Day

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“Twas the night before Christmas when, sat in my house,

I stared at my wardrobe and furrowed my brows.

The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,

But I couldn’t decide, what the hell I should wear!?”

Christmas is a BIG day, and this brings BIG pressure when it comes to deciding how to dress. The choices are endless. However, fear not. The subsequent guide goes some way in offering sartorial instruction for the more conventional ways of celebrating the most wonderful time of the year.  

“The Christmas Day breakfast”

Although we all celebrate Christmastide in different ways, the Christmas Day breakfast is surely a ubiquitous phenomenon. Regardless of what time you wake up or at what point you open your presents, parading around the house in your dressing gown and pyjamas is, in many ways, an eighth Sacrament. Such pageantry requires forethought.

Overall, given the lively nature of Xmas merriment, your pyjamas should be relatively conservative. Whilst that Victoria’s Secret lace teddy might look great, it may well send Grandpa Bernard into cardiac arrest. Likewise, gentlemen should be wary of foregoing pyjama bottoms for fear of accidental exposure; I think everyone’s happy to wait until lunch for their meat and two veg. The answer: more traditional “jammies” should be worn. Besides, dressing like you’re about to climb aboard the Polar Express can provide a certain joy, if only to recapture the youthful exuberance and cheer of your younger years.

“For the families that relax at home”

For those of us set for a more understated affair, there is certainly more room for flexibility. Armed with a baggy jumper and comfy jeans, you can sit back and drift off to the Queen’s Speech without a care in the world. Likewise, the day is a great opportunity to show off any new gifts and festive garments. After using your Lynx Africa gift set to full effect, throw on your novelty socks and Christmas jumper, and release your inner (s)elf. However, let’s be honest, there is such a thing as a bad Christmas jumper. A Primark sweatshirt reading ‘Merry Christmas ya filthy animal’ can quickly ruin Christmas for everyone.

“For the families that head out and about”

Whether it’s a trip to the local pub or jaunts across the countryside, many families attempt to brave the outdoors on Christmas day, dragging the entire family along for a “fun” walk.

Naturally, big jumpers and jeans are a must. However, these look great when paired with brown suede jackets and a nice pair of boots, plus a bobble hat and scarf to enhance the look. It might not be a white Christmas, but you will still look like you’ve just stepped off the set of Chalet Girl.

“For the families that go all out”

With the decadent excess we’ve come to expect from our festive Oxmas formals, it’s unsurprising that many families try to compete when it comes to yuletide festivities. For those with a more formal dress code, the key is to don clothes that are both glamorous and comfortable.

For ladies, this is the perfect opportunity for that swanky festive shift dress and favourite (comfiest) pair of heels. Red velvet, sequins, and golden adornments are all possibilities. However, that said, do exercise prudence. Pairing your nicest dress with candy-cane earrings or bright red stockings can quickly leave you looking like Mrs Claus. Meanwhile, for gentlemen unwilling to invest in a Christmas-patterned suit, smart trousers and a patterned shirt should do the job. Blue and red gingham is both festive and tidy (and looks great when matched with a pullover or blazer). Although it is worth remembering that, whilst a well-fitting shirt is a must, you won’t be getting any slimmer over the course of Christmas Day…

To this end, whilst we can all attempt to look glitzy and suave, heels that are too high or shirts that are too tight can quickly make Christmas unworkable. Don’t just dress sexy, dress smart.

So, there we go. Christmas is one of those complicated social affairs that pretends it’s entirely casual and unplanned, though months of careful preparation precede it. However, in all honesty, don’t overthink it. Fashion, like presents or mince pies, is not the main event but an aside. It’s about the giving of cheer, and not so much about the receiving of compliments. What really counts is that you’re dressed in a way that will allow you to relax into a day of celebrations with those who mean the most to you. Regardless of all of our questionable fashion choices, may your day be merry and bright.

From all at Cherwell Fashion: Merry Christmas and have a fashionable New Year.

Why the “stupid woman” palaver is just a storm in a teacup

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On the day that the Conservatives dropped yet another immigration policy and on the day that, for probably the first time, a No-Deal Brexit seems more likely than any other kind, I find it bizarre that some non-conclusive lip reading of Jeremy Corbyn possibly, or possibly not, calling Theresa May a ‘stupid woman’ grabs the headlines. 

Don’t get me wrong – sexism in every workplace should be treated seriously. The House of Commons especially should be held up to scrutiny as it has historically boasted of an intimidating masculine atmosphere. This atmosphere is quite the opposite of a chamber that is conducive to an inclusive, democratic process.

Hence why referring to a female MP as a ‘stupid woman’ is not the same as calling her male counterpart a ‘stupid man’. The sexism implicit in the former runs much deeper than an off-the-cuff remark. Indeed it was just as late as 1946 that male MPs were still wolf-whistling Lady Tweedsmuir whenever she took her seat. No doubt sexism still exists within the Commons and it should be dealt with. 

So why aren’t I enraged about the possibility of Jeremy Corbyn making such a remark? Because a) he didn’t say it, and b) sexism within the Commons isn’t going to be addressed by playing Prime Minister’s Questions in slow motion in front of a panel of lip-reading experts.

I see the Labour Party as doing great things for female representation in politics, from its long-time policy of having all female shortlists to more recently when, in 2017, Lily Madigan became the first trans woman to hold the position of Women’s Officer in her constituency. Corbyn stands at the head of a progressive party. This is possibly the reason why, other than Holly Baxter for the Independent, I haven’t heard of many feminists, whether they are friends or big-name political commentators, wanting to give their viewpoint on the supposed comment. One look at Corbyn’s balanced shadow cabinet can tell you that he does not think women are stupid. 

Ultimately, the coverage of this alleged incident is not in proportion with any kind of evidence. And so it seems, to me at least, that the only stupid thing here is misguided journalistic priorities. 

“Ugly Delicious” explores the twisted perceptions of Eastern cuisines in the West

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Most food documentaries tend to be easy, unchallenging watches. We’re treated to aesthetic shots of dishes for us to enjoy vicariously, and nuggets of trivia which help us sound more like the foodies we aspire to be. David Chang’s Ugly Delicious however, makes for quite a different experience. A running theme through the eight episodes is Chang’s experience of growing up in Virginia and not properly celebrating the Korean food he ate at home because of the pressure to assimilate into ‘American’ culture. This experience fuels his desire to explore the cultural issues around certain cuisines and their perception in the US, though much of this is also relevant in the West more generally.

Chang questions why certain cuisines have the reputation they do. For example, why do most of us associate French food with sophisticated candle-lit date nights and Chinese, Indian or Mexican food with greasy takeaways? Chang suggests that the reasons for this are largely historical and cultural rather than anything to do with the food itself. When the early immigrants from China, India or Mexico began to settle in the US, they were poorer than — and thus segregated from — the white population. This meant that their food was perceived as unhygienic, cheaper and generally less desirable. A horrifying illustration of this is the portrayal of Chinese food as dirty and rat-infested in sinophobic propaganda in the US which culminated in the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. This lingering xenophobia may be a plausible explanation for why certain cuisines have developed the connotations they have. However, this is clearly changing, certainly in big metropolitan centres like London with the rise in restaurants like Hakkasan or Yauatcha. People seem to be waking up to the fact that ‘Chinese’ can mean fancy restaurants as well as hangover cures.   

Chang also points out that much of what we think of as Chinese cuisine in the West bears, at best, only a slight resemblance to what you would find in a restaurant in China. A prime example being the infamous General Tso’s chicken. These westernised versions of traditional food made sense because early immigrants setting up restaurants had to be sensitive to a highly sheltered palate and to be authentic simply wasn’t commercially viable. This, of course can be seen with Indian dishes like Chicken Balti as well. However, this also seems to be changing as people begin to seek more authentic versions of cuisines that have historically been adapted. This is not to say that inauthentic adaptations are necessarily bad and of course, these can often develop as a sub-cuisine in their own right. However, a clientele with a more adventurous palate is likely to mean that restaurants feel able to offer dishes that are truer to home without fearing the loss of customers.

Chang highlights that whatever this ‘Chinese cuisine’ in the West is, it certainly does not reflect the remarkable differences in regional cuisines in China. Fiery Sichuan food is wildly different to the more subtle Cantonese dishes, for example.  This homogenisation of regional varieties is again not an issue specific to how the West views Chinese food, as clearly Indian food also falls prey to this. The Indian ‘curry’ in the UK is generally a mutation of north-western Indian food and incredibly complex Southern cuisines barely have a presence. Indeed, it works the other way too. In India and even Hong Kong, for example, it is common to come across restaurants serving ‘Western’ cuisine, ranging from pizzas to fish and chips. Fortunately this too, seems to be changing. As our generation becomes increasingly curious about the regional varieties in cuisines, hopefully this demand will be reflected in more regional restaurants.

Chang’s documentary offers a different way of exploring these important issues and questioning the foundations of why we think of some cuisines the way we do. It is definitely worth a watch over the vac and feeds both soul and mind.

Women in sport: a conversation with Eleanor Oldroyd

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To listeners of 5 live, Eleanor Oldroyd’s voice will be a familiar one. The broadcaster, who started her career on BBC Radio Shropshire, now covers a broad range of sport from the Winter Olympics to Wimbledon tennis, scooping up two ‘Sports Journalists’ Association Broadcast Presenter of the Year’ awards along the way. She’s always been a devotee of sport; when I meet her in her home in London, she tells me with a laugh that whilst “some girls had posters on their walls of pop stars, I was taking The Cricketer magazine”. When she was at school, she bargained herself a day off to go to Lord’s on the grounds that she wanted to be The Times’ first female cricket correspondent – although this never materialised, she’s gone on to be a trailblazer as a woman in the industry. We talk how she thinks the business has changed, both for the players and the reporters.

I ask her what it was like breaking into an industry in the 1980s where women were so few and far between. She admits that her appointment was “extremely unusual”, and that there were definitely colleagues who would have thought it “completely wrong and mad” to have her in a press box, but she remained resolute: “my boss sent me to do it … they trusted me”.

Thirty-odd years later the number of women reporting on sport is certainly rising, but equality is still far away. Figures from 2018 reveal that Clare Balding’s salary is around 10% of what football presenter Gary Lineker earns, and a quick internet search of ‘female sports reporters’ brings up the top result of ‘Hottest Sports Reporters: Photo List of Sexy Female Sideline Reporters’ from Ranker. In spite of this, Oldroyd is still encouraged by the changing scene in broadcasting: “The opportunities are much, much greater than they were 30 years ago”, and she’s right that the likes of Gabby Logan and Alison Mitchell are changing the faces of sport on television.

Oldroyd’s beloved sport is cricket, a game that, perhaps more so than most, remains mostly male-dominated; the MCC only started accepting women members in 1998, after 212 years of male exclusivity. An excruciating interview with Michael Vaughan and Michael Slater in 2013 sees them ask two female players (Meg Lanning and Ellyse Perry) how they physically cope with playing cricket, only to compliment them later for being attractive, the camera lingering on photos of them in bikinis. For women, the game itself is also limited: boundaries are made smaller and test matches are spread over four days not five. Amid coverage of five men’s test matches in the same year, the women were given six minutes of airtime.

When we talk about the changes in the women’s game, however, the reporter seems hopeful for the future: “There are little things all the time that make me think ‘Wow that’s really changed’”. A Wisden cricket periodical published earlier this month carried a feature in which male and female wicket-keepers are spoken about with parity. Similarly, Adam Gilchrist, the great Australian wicket-keeper, tweeted that he judged Sarah Taylor to be the best wicket-keeper in the world at the moment; in the face of international players such as Ben Foakes and Jonny Bairstow, Oldroyd thinks this is “fantastic”. In her opinion, the rhetoric is changing, moving away from discussions about the value of women’s sport and towards “intelligent and informed conversations now about the quality of players”.

The broadcaster attributes some of the changes in the publicity of women’s cricket to player Rachel Heyhoe-Flint (who became one of the first female members of the MCC), saying: “She was unusual because she was relatively high profile, she promoted the team, captaining and then going to write match reports and sending them to The Telegraph and insisting that they were published”. In light of this, I ask whether she thinks it takes a charismatic maverick, say the tennis player Billie Jean King, to change the image of a sport; she says the progress is necessarily “multifaceted”, that the individuals must also be lifted by the broadcasters.

Following on from King, she talks about the high-profile sportswomen in the limelight at the start of the broadcaster’s career, such as Mary Peters and Martina Navratilova, and I wonder why it is that individual sports seem to have more success with publicity. Oldroyd suggests it could be “competing on the same day, on the same track as the men”. It certainly makes sense – we talk about the ban on women’s football using FA accredited grounds from 1921 to 1971 and how this might have affected the game: “It was sending out the message that women’s football, and women’s team sports more generally, was an inferior version of the men’s game”. It seems that this university’s policy of, where possible, hosting men’s and women’s varsities on the same day does, then, carry some weight in the drive for equality.

Regarding progress, “the willingness is there in the governing bodies” she tells me. The England & Wales Cricket Board (ECB) have confirmed their new ‘100-ball’ tournament, in which tickets to the men’s and women’s games will be sold together in packages to encourage attendance. Aside from cricket, she praises Manchester City Football Club who are now promoting the men and women on the same web page “which is huge”. A theme that keeps cropping up in our conversation is the importance of talking about male and female sport with parity, and I’m sure that publishing both of the university’s football clubs’ match reports in the same place can only bolster interest in the women’s game. Lastly, she tells me about rugby which, although she suggests the RFU are “not quite there yet”, is also starting to contract female players and pay them properly. Many of them now don’t need another full-time job to support themselves, a persistent hindrance to the development of the women’s game. Watching the women’s varsity at Twickenham last week, it really did feel like this was a sport gaining momentum.

Although Eleanor Oldroyd gives me lots of encouraging examples of the changes in women’s sport, she acknowledges that there is still a long way to go. I ask her if she still thinks there are significant barriers to women from the emerging generation entering the industry: “Yes, is the short answer”. Social media, in her opinion, is one of the biggest inhibitors of success for women, both athletes and broadcasters. She tells me that “those old-fashioned attitudes do still exist” and that now “the ease with which people can shout abuse at you is horrible”. It is nothing new to say that the anonymity of Twitter gives a greater platform to unwarranted, retrograde opinions, and Oldroyd seems to think this can be particularly harmful to women in sport. Despite covering her first football match in 1986, she reveals she largely refrains from tweeting about football to avoid the vitriol from followers who act “as if their masculinity is threatened”. Undeterred, her advice to those who hope to participate in, or report on, sport is to “listen to the voices of the people who are supporting you, and don’t listen to the constant chatter”.

Festive flicks: the best films to watch at Christmas

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At Christmas, there’s no better way of relaxing than sinking back into the sofa and sticking on a festive film with friends and family. Here are some of my favourites to watch this season, including a few that are technically not Christmas films at all.

Jingle All the Way (1996)

This comedy starring Arnold Schwarzenegger as workaholic Howard Langston remains one of my favourite Christmas films (despite its terrible rating on Rotten Tomatoes). To make up for being an absent father, Howard promises his son Jamie the toy that every child is after: Turboman. Anyone who has ever left their Christmas shopping to the last minute, or got caught up in the mad rush on Christmas Eve, can sympathise with Howard’s increasingly frantic search for the figure. Jingle All the Way may be critiqued for its silliness and unevenness, but with plenty of slapstick humour and a poignant message about the importance of spending time with your family, it is a perfect choice for some light-hearted fun.

Jumanji (1995)

Jumangi is not a Christmas film is any traditional sense of the word – in fact, it only contains one scene that features Christmas – but its focus on friendship and family amidst the carnage created by a supernatural board game imbues the film with the spirit of Christmas. Second to curling up in front of the television during the festive period is undoubtedly a good board game. As heated as family games of monopoly risk becoming, these look tame in comparison to the waves of destruction that Alan, Sarah, Peter, and Judy unleash by playing the game. Their only hope to reverse the destruction is to see it through to the very end. Robin Williams’ comic genius is put to brilliant use here.

Miracle on 34th Street (1994)

Remakes of classic films often get a bad rap, but the 1994 release of Miracle on 34th Street (the fourth incarnation of this classic Christmas treat) is a heart-warming delight from start to finish. Kris Kringle (Richard Attenborough) is hired by Susan’s mother as the new Santa Claus for the department store Coles, but the people’s belief in Santa Claus is threatened when Kris is arrested. Mara Wilson is as charming in the role of Susan as she is in Mrs Doubtfire and Matilda.

Home Alone (1990)

The opening of Home Alone perfectly captures the chaos created by large family reunions at Christmas, as Kevin McCallister is accidentally left alone when his family leave for the airport without him. The film follows his parents’ attempts to return to their stranded son and Kevin’s struggle to defend his home from criminals Harry and Marv. The booby traps that Kevin rigs to stop the burglars liberally stretch the bounds of what an 8-year-old can reasonably construct, but if you can ignore your disbelief, then Home Alone will have you laughing harder than you’ve ever laughed before.

Love Actually (2003)

The number of different stories that Richard Curtis manages to pack into Love Actually is impressive, particularly because it never feels overcrowded. If you are a fan of romantic comedies, then Love Actually is the perfect choice – the film is full of humour and emotionally engaging stories that may even bring a tear to your eye. It combines one of the greatest soundtracks of any Christmas film I’ve seen with an all-star cast, including Liam Neeson, Alan Rickman, Emma Thompson, and Keira Knightley. Hugh Grant gives a wonderful performance as Prime Minister David (and if you’re a fan of his irresistible onscreen charm, then I’d recommend also trying to fit About a Boy into your schedule). Red Nose Day Actually, released in 2017, is also worth a watch to find out what happened to its interlocking characters.

Harry Potter franchise (2001-2011)

Though watching the Harry Potter franchise is not limited to the festive season, a marathon at Christmas will only emphasise the magic of the films. Seeing the Great Hall decorated for Christmas in The Philosopher’s Stone and the beautiful scenes of Hogwarts in the snow in The Prisoner of Azkaban are bound to get you in the holiday spirit.