Monday 6th October 2025
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What does Brexit mean for the future of scientific research in the UK?

Scientific research is more reliant on international collaboration than ever before. Combining intellectual and physical resources around the world has proven to be central in advancing modern science with over half of all papers published in the UK having an international co-author (60% of which, are with our EU partners). Similarly, international collaboration has led to projects such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the European Space Agency (ESA) that would otherwise have been simply impossible.  But, with Brexit on the horizon, what does the future hold for both current and prospective UK researchers?

Prior to the referendum, the Royal Society identified three major topics of consideration regarding the role of the EU in research in the UK: funding, mobility, and regulations.

Firstly, and most obviously, is the importance of EU funding. In 2014, the EU greatly increased its funding for research through the introduction of a programme called Horizon 2020. The programme plans to provide a total of €74.8bn for research, mostly across Europe, between 2014 and 2020. To date, the UK is the second largest benefactor, second only to Germany. Overall, 11% of all research funding received by UK universities originate from EU sources, and whilst it is guaranteed that this financing will continue until the UK formally leaves the EU, which could be as late as March 2019, the government has been keen to state that a post-Brexit UK will still aim to be at the forefront of research.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Phillip Hammond, clarified in a press release that “Horizon research funding granted before we leave the EU will be guaranteed by the Treasury after we leave.” This is a vow complimented by a £4.7bn increase in the Autumn Statement towards research and development over the next four years.

Some, however, are sceptical about the government’s response to Brexit. The campaign group Scientists for EU described the Autumn Statement “as a confirmation of the bare essentials, but nothing more”, expressing concerns that the government are still yet “to confirm that, should we leave the EU science programme, the same amounts or more will be available directly from HM Treasury”.

Troubling reports regarding the relationship between scientists from the UK and the EU have also arisen. A report from the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee has noted numerous cases of collaborators in multi-national projects pressuring UK researchers to withdraw from projects. Scientists for EU have reported 40 such examples of so-called “Horizon 2020 disruptions” whereby partner pressure has resulted in resignations in leading roles of research projects.

Clearly, clarity regarding the relationship between the EU and a post-Brexit UK needs to be established. The uncertain terms of Brexit have cast a shadow on the future of EU citizens in the UK, who also form 16% of all academic staff in UK universities. Despite the British Government confirming that EU students are guaranteed no changes in their tuition fees for the duration of their studies (provided they are starting before the 2017/18 academic year), there are visible signs of discomfort; UCAS have reported a 7% decline in EU applicants in 2017.

Nevertheless, Brexit could potentially open the door for opportunities outside of Europe. A study commissioned by the Higher Education Policy Institute think-tank predicts that Brexit will result in an extra £187m per year in tuition fees for UK universities, as the fall in EU students are partly compensated by the introduction of non-EU students. Regarding research opportunities, the USA is currently the UK’s single most frequent collaborator, and talks are underway to strengthen the relationship between the two countries’ research institutions. Speaking to the BBC about the relationship of the UK and USA, President of the Royal Society, Professor Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, noted that “cooperation between our two countries would undoubtedly be a good thing… but it should be regarded as an addition to, rather than a substitute for, cooperation with our European colleagues”.

The effects of Brexit on UK research will be felt for years to come. Dependent on the agreements made between the UK, the EU, and the rest of the world, Brexit may eventually serve to broaden the prospects of UK researchers outside of Europe. The initial struggle however, seems to lie in re-establishing both the conveniences of staying in the EU and the opportunities that it currently offers.

Review: ‘Free Fire’

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Accuse Ben Wheatley of what you like, but diluting violence for the sake of any of the audience’s sensibilities certainly isn’t a criticism that can be levelled against him. Following on from recent projects such as the surreal Kill List and Sightseers, the director changes his chameleonic colours once more, entering the arena of gritty action.

Throughout Free Fire it’s difficult to escape Tarantino comparisons, particularly Reservoir Dogs, due to the enclosed warehouse setting, betrayals, excessive violence as well as Wheatley and Amy Jump’s witty screenplay. Following a brief period of relative calm in which the two sides eventually reach an agreement on an arms deal, a grudge between the back-up men of each group sets chaos in motion. The ensuing stand-off is intermingled with quotable dialogue, much of which springs from the mouth of Sharlto Copley’s flamboyant Vernon. Typical of his braggadocio is a mid-fight monologue where he justifies his homemade cardboard arm shield as “protection from infection” to one of his associates. Wheatley also doesn’t skimp on his trademark colourful language, which is emphasised most eloquently when Frank (Michael Smiley) berates one of his assailants as a “fucking chocolate teapot”.

Yet despite the volcanic momentum that is created in the introduction of the film’s large ensemble of characters, the middle section suffers from a lack of variation and constant gunfights. Even though Wheatley describes the film as “mercilessly short”, he is nonetheless unable to bring the repetitive second act to a satisfying conclusion in time for the slightly underwhelming final twist. Similarly to High Rise, the enclosed environments that Wheatley has grown accustomed to utilising in recent projects may well heighten the chaos of his situations, but he often fails to develop the characters within them to their full extent.

Oxford Men battle to Boat Races victory

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Oxford’s men’s boat claimed victory in the 163rd Men’s Boat Race after a tactically complex race on the Thames.

Cambridge were seeking their first back-to-back wins of the century, while Oxford were seeking revenge for their defeat last year—as well as the Women’s defeat earlier on in the afternoon.

Both crews got off to a strong start, but Oxford got the better of the early strokes.

From the starting line, Cambridge had the better route around the course, but Oxford took the most slim of early leads off the start.

They had a half-length advantage, but Cambridge were resilient and refused to be left behind.

Such was the physicality of the race that both boats were excruciatingly close together. It was left to the coxes, watching calmly, to observe their races and manage their tactics.

Light blue oars almost clashed with dark blue as neither crew wanted to yield, but it was Cambridge who were forced wide. The dark blue crew took the inside, advantageous line.

Cambridge had to rally as Oxford consolidated their better line and subsequent better pace. Two seconds was the difference between the boats, despite Cambridge’s superior stroke rate—36 to 34.

At the ten minute mark, Oxford held that inside line, but again Cambridge refused to be blown away, keeping up their pace to maintain touching distance.

However, as the race edged into its final stages, Oxford pulled away once more. They left clear water between the two boats, and Cambridge’s waters were choppy as the light blue crew battled in the wake of Oxford’s oars.

Even as Oxford bore down onto the finish, both boats were well-matched in terms of speed, but Oxford’s start and early tactical triumph handed the men’s boat victory in a time of 16:59.

The victory goes some way to mitigate the disappointment of the women’s defeat earlier in the day after the Blues boat hit a crab with their first stroke.

Oxford battled on but Cambridge took the win in record time.

The results mark a complete reversal of last year, when the women won convincingly on choppy waters, while the Cambridge men’s boat edged out Oxford’s to win the second race.

 

Oxford Women beaten in the Boat Race

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After a hard-fought race on the Thames this afternoon, Cambridge edged past OUWBC to take the trophy, breaking a three-year Oxford winning streak.

The race, fought across the stretch of the Thames between Putney Bridge and Chiswick Bridge, saw Oxford’s woman fall quickly behind the Cambridge team in the opening lengths of the race, giving Cambridge clear water around the Thames’ bends between Putney and Hammersmith.

By ten minutes into the race, Oxford was over fifteen strokes behind the Cambridge boat, making it difficult for them to gain any ground.

The Cambridge team finished in a time of 18:34, to Oxford’s 19:05, setting a new record for the Women’s race, and beating the Cambridge men’s 2015 time.

This year saw both boats make it to the finish line without taking on water – the fate that unfortunately befell the Cambridge Women’s team last year.

The races go ahead today despite initial concerns that an unexploded WWII bomb would lead to their cancellation.

Ashton Brown, CUWBC President said: “I couldn’t have done it without the amazing team I have. We felt a bit robbed last year, and it’s amazing to win. I had a really tough year this year, but they helped me through it all”.

UPDATE: Boat Races set to go ahead after discovery of unexploded WWII bomb

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Today’s Cancer Research UK Boat Races are set to go ahead after an unexploded WWII-era bomb, found on the banks of the River Thames, called the event into question.

A concrete decision is yet to be made, but indications from organisers and police suggest today’s Boat Races will take place as planned.

The unexploded wartime bomb was discovered yesterday afternoon (1 April) close to Putney Bridge, West London.

The Metropolitan Police confirmed that officers were called to the scene after receiving a report from a member of the public reporting the presence of “what they thought to be a World War Two ordnance on the Chelsea shorelines by Putney Bridge”.

Police were forced to wait until the Thames river tide receded at 01:00 BST before they could inspect the area.

Organisers and police say that the event will continue as planned, though some spectator areas may have to be closed if they are deemed to pose a threat to public safety.

Sources close to the Boat Race teams suggest that the clubs have not received official directives from the event organisers.

Speaking after the announcement of the unexploded bomb, Cambridge University Boat Club President Lance Tredell took to Twitter to comment.

While not explicitly addressing the reports, he described the camp as “relaxed, focussed and ready to race”.

This is a breaking news story. This article will be updated with further information as the story develops.

Nest of snakes found in historic Union chamber

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A nest of snakes have been discovered in the Union’s debating chamber, leading to a concerned reaction from animal conservationists.

A new species of snake, given the Latin name hackum snekus by senior fellows in the University’s Biological Sciences faculty, has been the centre of early studies.

Eyewitness reports suggest that the snakes have infiltrated the walls, and have made the seating area their home.

The results of these preliminary studies suggest that exposure to the debating chamber leads to marked shifts in behaviour from the snakes.

A representative from Biological Sciences told Cherwell: “To discover a new species is an historic find. We’re very excited about the possibilities of doing research as to what motivates these young, good-natured creatures to become lethal, treacherous killers.

“While our research isn’t comprehensive at this time, we have reason to believe that the high levels of coffee that we’ve discovered in their systems lead them to actively seek out their nearest rivals and kill them.”

Speaking to Cherwell, a spokesperson for the RSPCA said: “We’re extremely worried about this discovery. In the right conditions, snakes are calm, loving creatures who are perfectly capable of being loyal pets and wonderful friends.

“I don’t know what’s gone so wrong with these poor reptiles to have made them go so far off the rails. We will be working as hard as humanly possible to ensure that these snakes are weaned off the coffee to which they’re addicted, in the hope of re-integrating them back into society.”

The Oxford Union were approached for comment, but they only gave the statement “sssssssss” before hanging up.

Oxford startup receives £4m to develop ‘biological superglue’

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SpyBiotech, an Oxford University company developing a biological superglue to tackle diseases and pandemics, has been given a £4m investment from the venture capital arm GV of Alphabet, which owns Google, and Oxford Sciences Innovation (OSI).

As a result of the funding, the startup will be able to become an independent business. The investment, which is a part of early-stage seed funding, enables SpyBiotech to prepare for phase one trials.

The company’s intellectual property follows research from Oxford University’s Department of Biochemistry and the Jenner Institute to separate the bacteria that causes strep throat, a tonsil-related infection.

When they are separated, the two parts of the bacteria are highly attracted to each other and want to re-bond, with this desire to reconnect forming the “biotech superglue” that can be utilised to bond things together.

Consequently, it is hoped that this principle can be used to develop vaccines, and it is thought that the technology can be effective especially when there are quickly developing vaccines for fast-spreading epidemics.

Sumi Biswas, Associate Professor at the Jenner Institute at Oxford University and is one of four Oxford academics who formed the startup’s founding team, released a statement: “We view this superglue technology as a game changer to enable faster development of effective vaccines against major global diseases.

“We are excited to begin the journey of taking this versatile and innovative approach forward and moving our new vaccines from the laboratory to human clinical testing.”

Speaking to the Telegraph, Gregg Bayes-Brown, Marketing and Communications Manager at Oxford University Innovation, added: “We rarely ever see a corporate like GV come in at the seed into university companies. If this is the start of a new trend, it could be massive.”

Lachlan MacKinnon, principal at OSI, told TechCrunch: “We see the Spy technology as the missing link in rapid and robust VLP vaccine design and see GV as a natural co-investment partner to take this forward.

“We are privileged to be working with four founders who bring such an impressive combination of academic prowess and clinical-stage experience to the company.”

Tom Hulme, general partner at GV, said: “SpyBiotech has established a novel approach that shows promise in a number of markets. We’re looking forward to working with a team of world class scientists to develop more effective vaccines for a wide range of global diseases.”

The news follows a series of innovation booms from the University of Oxford in recent months. In 2016, the number of spinouts doubled to 21, while seed funding for these start-ups increased by fivefold to £52.6m.

A second round of fundraising has also been planned by SpyBiotech, and the company is set to announce a leadership team in the coming months.

12-year-old named as youngest Oxford organist in history

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Louis Moss, aged twelve, has become the youngest person ever to play the organ for an Oxford University college after gaining a music scholarship at Jesus College.

Despite only taking up the organ a year ago, Moss, from Chipping Norton in Oxfordshire, will play the organ for hymns in Jesus College chapel services from this Spring.

The scholarship scheme is run in conjunction with the Young Organ Scholars’ Trust, and strives to reverse the declining number of youngsters learning to play the organ, after it was estimated only around 750 young people are learning to play the instrument in the UK.

After the news was announced, Louis, a pupil at The Cotswold School in Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire, said: “It is great to play such an amazing instrument. I am looking forward to improving further through my scholarship at Jesus College.”

Speaking to the Telegraph, Louis added he was “really pleased” to have the opportunity, and discussed his ambition to have a career in music: “I think I will go along that career path. I’m quite interested in composing and conducting so I might be a conductor or composer or something musical.”

Sir Nigel Shadbolt, Principal of Jesus College, commented: “We are delighted to have Louis with us. By starting a young music scholarship scheme here—the first of its kind in an Oxford or Cambridge college—we are creating more opportunities to connect local state schools with Jesus College, through music.

“By beginning this project in conjunction with the Young Organ Scholars’ Trust we are helping gifted young people to have the chance to play the organ when they couldn’t have dreamt of it before.”

Speaking exclusively to Cherwell, Katharine Pardee, Betts Fellow in Organ Studies at Oxford University, said: “The organ is a wonderful instrument with a repertoire and history longer than any other, yet in part because of its nearly-exclusive connection with the mainstream Church it is in serious danger of disappearing, or at least becoming only a museum-piece.

“It is vitally important to come up with creative ways to introduce new generations to the excitement, thrill, and beauty of the organ. Jesus College and Chaplain Megan Daffern should be applauded for their innovative approach in giving this opportunity to Louis”.

The news was also received well by Oxford students, with Oxford University Music Society President David Palmer telling Cherwell: “Musical life in Oxford is characterised by inclusivity. For example, the wide range of ensembles and performance opportunities allow for anyone to get involved, regardless of style, ability, course of study or other commitments.

“Louis’ scholarship is in keeping with this important aspect of musical life in Oxford; it is encouraging to see the University actively address the issue of the decline in young organists by recognising Louis’ ability in this way.”

Oxford University offers fifty undergraduate organ scholarships, but struggles to fill more than thirty a year. A donor will pay for Louis special £1,000-a-year scholarship for the first year, and then by the college for the two years after.

Labour must expel Ken Livingstone to be serious on anti-semitism

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In April last year, it emerged that Labour MP Naz Shah had written a Facebook post arguing for the Jewish population of Israel to be “transported” to America. The crudeness of advocating for a mass deportation of Jews from their own country, together with the fact that this came during a turbulent period for the Labour party during which it had already launched several investigations into alleged anti-Semitism caused mass outrage. And rightly so. Everyone from students to politicians criticised Shah, and Labour went into crisis mode. Shah, in conjunction with leading Labour MPs, drafted a formal apology and began a process of reconciliation with the Jewish community.

One man, however, decided to take this controversy as a call to arms. Ken Livingstone, the former mayor of London, decided that he would not follow the crowd and condemn Shah for anti-Semitism. “She’s a deep critic of Israel and its policies,” he said on radio. “Her remarks were over the top. But she’s not anti-Semitic.” He went on to make the now infamous claim which he repeated today, as he swaggered to court for his expulsion hearing. He claimed, with a straight face and a practiced delusion, that Hitler was a Zionist. His evidence for this astonishing fact? That before he “went mad”, Hitler was quite happy to transport all the Jews from Germany to Palestine.

Today, speaking to the Guardian, he revealed that this was more than just a passing comment. Livingstone spoke effusively of how SS Guards must have supported Zionism because they trained Jews for the differing terrain of what was then Palestine. Hitler himself was, apparently, unconcerned that such a mass transportation of Jews out of Europe and into the Middle East may have led to the creation of a Jewish state. He therefore was a Zionist.

Ken Livingstone is wrong, and his comments are among the most offensive that I have heard from any professional politician in this country. Zionism at its most limited reading is nothing more or less than the belief that the Jewish people have a right to national self-determination in the land of Israel. Ken dirties this term by associating Hitler with it, effectively announcing that such moves by Hitler ought to have invited the sympathy of the Jews living in Europe, and that modern-day Zionists who see sense would have supported this particular brand of oppression. Because oppression is the correct way to characterise what Hitler was doing. He was not giving Jews the option of moving to Palestine so that they might pursue a better life for themselves and their families. He was not doing it so that he could give the Jews an escape from centuries of European state-sponsored persecution. He was doing it to quite simply be rid of the Jews. Hitler was an anti-Semite, and to suggest that Zionism has ever—can ever—be borne of a hatred of Jews is at best ignorance of the true meaning of Zionism, and is at worst horrifying.

In fact, the reason why Israel was created pursuant to the Second World War and the Holocaust was because it was now abundantly clear, in the aftermath of persecution not just at the hands of Hitler, that a Jewish homeland was needed. If we are fair to Ken and say that it was at the point Hitler “went mad” and decided to start killing the Jews as part of the Final Solution, that he was no longer a Zionist, we have fallen into Livingstone’s trap. For this too misunderstands and mischaracterises Zionism, and is a claim that the genuine belief in the inalienable rights of Jewish people is compatible with the anti-Semitic policies that Hitler had for years before this date been pursuing.

We are thankfully in a climate where politicians are already reprimanded for relying on the undeniably anti-Semitic trope of comparison between Zionism and Nazism. Livingstone’s comments are no different and cannot be allowed to become part of mainstream political discourse.

This is not the only episode which has implicated Livingstone in anti-Semitism, but it has by far received the most coverage and has invited the most severe sanctions. We are now, sadly, at the point where it is only his expulsion from the Labour party that will send the message that anti-Semitism, no matter how it is dressed up and how much historical evidence is selected to back it up, has no place in this country.

Oxford politics professor wins Guardian Inspiring Leader Award

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Karma Nabulsi is the winner of the Inspiring Leader Award, sponsored by HSBC, in the Guardian University Awards 2017.

The Fellow in Politics at St Edmund Hall, who researches and publishes on the political history of revolutions and social movements in the 19th century, and Palestinian representation, especially Palestinian refugees, was previously awarded the Special Recognition Award in the OUSU 2016 Teaching Awards.

She is the Director of Undergraduate Studies at the University of Oxford’s Department of Politics and Public Relations, as well as being a University and College Union Equality Officer and a member of the staff BME network.

Most recently, she directed the The Palestinian Revolution, an Arabic-English digital teaching and research resource sponsored by the British Academy.

The project provides an open access 12-week course and resources in anti-colonial history, exploring Palestinian revolutionary thought and practice in the 1950s, 60s and 70s, which includes original documents of the period, and oral history interviews with activists. The project was developed over six years with scholars and universities across the global south, including South Africa, Palestine and Cuba.

Commenting on the award, Nabulsi said:  “What is so fantastic is that, after being nominated by judges from the Higher Education sector, this award was chosen through a public vote… this is such lovely encouragement!”

She told Cherwell: “This ‘Inspiring Leader’ award really belongs to those students at Oxford and across the UK who campaign daily on the important issues of equality, decolonising our curriculum, and protecting our universities’ freedoms, which are increasingly under attack. So it is congratulations to all of them: it is they who constantly inspire me with their courage, imagination, and hard work.”

The awards, which aim to celebrate teaching excellence at universities, were presented by Lauren Laverne in an awards ceremony on Wednesday night.

Of Nabulsi, the Guardian judges said: “Without her patience, dedication and commitment, the experiences of numerous students at Oxford and elsewhere would have been immeasurably poorer. She avoids all self-celebration, but it is hard to imagine a more worthy recipient.”

The Guardian Universities Editor, Judy Friedberg, called the awards the “untef”, in relation to the government’s teaching excellence framework (Tef) , which, when released later in the spring, will allocate universities gold, silver and bronze ratings.

Friedberg expressed hopes that the Guardian University Awards will function as an alternative to the way that the government pits universities against each other, claiming: “We don’t judge all universities by the same clunky metrics. We look for examples of brilliance in all types of universities—and then we trumpet those successes to Guardian readers around the world.”

Photo credit: The Guardian/Alicia Canter