Friday 10th April 2026
Blog Page 960

Femininity, fashion and feminism

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Fashion is typically perceived as an industry dominated by women, but in reality this is not the case. Only one third of the top roles in the business are occupied by women. For an industry where ostensibly the overarching aim for many designers and retailers is to clothe women, why is it so sparsely populated by women themselves?

Throughout history male designers have posed problems for women when creating fashion and defining ideas of femininity. The age-old myth of suffragettes burning their bras and girdles does not exist without good reason and a similar occurrence took place at the Miss America protest of September 1968 where underwear, high heels, and other garments perceived to be ‘instruments of female torture’ were ceremoniously flung into garbage cans. Coco Chanel remarked that Dior’s New Look in the 1950s was clearly of male authorship as it was so ‘uncomfortable’.

However, even today, women’s fashion still seems to be mainly directed by men. At this Autumn’s Louis Vuitton show Nicolas Ghesquière’s approach was committed to concepts of modernity; he emphasised pragmatism and practicality with chunky fur gilets, loose woollen jumpers, and thick soled boots. In terms of evening wear, he did not seem particularly committed to the concept of femininity at all—the oversized dresses presented seemed like parody pieces of classic styles. Disregarding femininity is not in itself inherently problematic, as it is clear in this day and age that femininity extends far beyond the typical ‘girly’ florals and frills that the industry tends to presents as ‘feminine’. However, presenting any one definitive concept of femininity certainly is, especially when that image is constructed seemingly uncritically by men such as Ghesquiere who are ostensibly in a more privileged position than their female consumers. The concept of men somewhat ‘preaching’ to women about what they should or shouldn’t be wearing, especially considering the aforementioned history, feels somewhat uncomfortable.

Similar criticisms can be made of Karl Lagerfeld’s efforts at Chanel; his past few fashion shows have been celebrated more for their theatrical presentation (the Chanel Supermarket and the rocket ship of his AW17 turnout) than for any diversity in the actual clothing. Surely, it is somewhat ironic for a brand that was initially created as a means of abetting the increased independence and mobility of women to be characterised by such stagnation? By releasing near identical skirt suits and tweeds every season is he simply catering to the so called conservative Chanel-customer, or perpetuating a projection of idealised femininity? How close is this customer to real women, anyway? These are questions that can be posed to the majority of couture houses at the moment, because, and here we hit on the fundamental issue, it is men who occupy two-thirds of the top level jobs.

On a positive note, many fashion houses are beginning to pass the milestone of installing their first female head of houses. Maria Grazia Chiuri, Dior’s first female creative director, has used the brand as a medium for presenting femininity in a far more realistic way. Her debut collection for the house draws a strong contrast with that of Raf Simmons’ which occurred four years earlier. Both harken back to Dior’s own revolutionary ‘New Look’ of the 1950s, yet where Simmons took this to mean wasp waists and harsh neat lines, Chiuri takes a softer approach, filling her collection with floaty chiffons and t-shirts bearing the slogans ‘We Should All Be Feminists’. Furthermore, it is notable that Alexander McQueen has become significantly more wearable since Sarah Burton’s tenure at the company, and the overarching theme to come out of interviews with Burton and Chiuri is an aim to provide women with a wardrobe that ‘empowers’ and is ‘easier to wear,’ respectively.

But we still haven’t come far enough. What is the solution then? Hiring more women in the top levels of the industry would be a good place to start. Chiuri and Burton have proved the success of women designing for women, producing diverse yet equally inspired collections. This is not to say that there is no place for men in the industry—the statistics certainly establish that. Male designers play an integral role in the creation of a diverse industry, but perhaps it is time for them to take a slight step back to make space for the equally, if not more able, women.

Balliol to battle Wolfson Cambridge superstar Monkman in University Challenge final

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It’s being billed as the “final showdown” between two quizzing heavyweights. Balliol behemoth Joey Goldman is set to face off Wolfson College Cambridge’s internet sensation Eric Monkman, in what looks set to be a legendary University Challenge final on Monday.

The hype ahead of the series’ finale is no doubt largely thanks to Monkman’s online superstar status – the Wolfson captain has been the inspiration for an astonishing number of memes. Variously described as “the quiz show king”, “clockwork-jawed”, and “the most intense contestant ever”, his dog bark-like answering instantly made #Monkmania a serious social media movement.

Brow-furrowed columnists and puzzled Radio 4 profilers have pontificated the significance of the Canadian economics masters student’s ascendancy to semi-stardom. Is he a “standard-bearer of expertise and intellectualism” in our inane post-Brexit political climate? Is he the bespectacled anti-hero against a “homogenous celebrity culture”?

We are set to discover in Monday’s highly anticipated match. Yet Balliol have a polymathic genius of their own in “sassy” Philosophy and Theology student Joey Goldman. Not only has he impressed viewers with his astonishingly quick processing speed – effortlessly answering questions correctly on cognitive scientific literature and English kings in last week’s semi-final – but also for his taste in puppy printed shirts.

The Balliol team – which also encompasses second-year Historian Freddy Potts, DPhil English student Jacob Lloyd, and Australian Benjamin Pope, who is reading for a DPhil in Astrophysics – are looking to win the series for the first time and end three years of Cambridge domination.

Speaking to Cherwell ahead of the final, Pope — who has since been offered a NASA Sagan Fellowship to New York University — said: “We played Wolfson in the quarters where they beat us, so we were certainly very apprehensive going into the final match.”

He added: “I don’t think University Challenge helped get the NASA fellowship, but it was certainly fun to do in the second last year of a DPhil. It was a great experience, in that as an Australian I’d never even watched it before – and somehow wandered into a fantastic team of people who became fast friends.”

Based on their respective semi-final performances, the winner of Monday’s showdown is anyone’s guess. In their previous quarter-final encounter in January, Wolfson were victorious – but only just. They took 165 points to Balliol’s 135 in a tightly fought contest.

My analysis puts Balliol ahead on an average score of 214 to Wolfson’s 185 per match across the series (I am taking this seriously). But the Cambridge team impressively beat Emmanuel College’s intellectual giant (and brilliantly named) Bobby Seagull in their semi-final, and who knows what “The Monkman” can produce when the heat is on?

Naturally, Twitter is struggling to contain its excitement.

Many are admiring Monkman’s entertaining facial expressions.

He’s also been the inspiration for several potential blockbuster ideas.

However, others have lamented the show’s continued lack of diversity.

University Challenge, BBC 2, 8pm, 10 April.

The guilt of gaming at Oxford

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When I’m studying in Oxford, video games are not exactly my highest priority. They rank somewhere between earning that degree I’ve paid 21,000 pounds to study for, and clipping my toenails (I’ll let you decide in which order). Perhaps it’s in the process of developing into an ‘adult’ that I inevitably have to forego saving a virtual princess in a virtual castle, in favour of saving myself with a sobering bowl of Cornflakes following a night out at Park End. That said, there is always a part of me that wants to swap books for controllers, group reading sessions for let’s plays, intense academia for just a tiny taste of escapism. The world of Oxford University seems to have been engineered at the most minute level to be out of kilter with the virtual world. They are virtually incompatible.

Firstly, gaming is an expensive hobby. I won’t defend it there. Every year, those cunning developers make miniscule adjustments to a series that you’re just too invested in, and before you know it, you’ve traded fripperies like eating for virtual swords and lances (Freud would have a field day). On more than one occasion, I’ve forked out a couple hundred quid on a brand-spanking new time-waster, and shamelessly never looked back. At university, however, whenever my desires re-emerge, I can practically hear James Joyce chastising me from the bookshelf. Prices aren’t getting any lower, and I’m not getting any richer.

I don’t need to explain how much of a concern time is for an Oxford student. Every minute has to be spent doing something you can justify to yourself as ‘productive’. Being a gamer adds a new dimension to this frustration because, for whatever reason, companies have decided to release all their 100+ hour-long games all at once this year. Games like Zelda: Breath of the Wild, Horizon: Zero Dawn, Mass Effect: Andromeda, and Persona 5 all point towards this trend of games getting larger and more ambitious; sadly, the same can’t be said for my career prospects.

You’ll get bang for your buck, sure, but only if you can find the time to consume these hyper-products. As a general rule of thumb, justifying your essay being late by saying that you were too busy slaying mechanical dinosaurs with only a bow and some arrows is never going to sit well with tutors. Trust me, I’ve tried. And inevitably, online gaming and Eduroam do not make for a happy couple.

And yet, while Oxford has become an uncomfortable third wheel in an already strained relationship, I find this long-distance thing somewhat refreshing. It allows me to focus on both my work and on the diverse range of societies Oxford offers. Gaming’s influence is not dead in Oxford, either. Everywhere I look during term time, I see the vein of cyborgian commodity fetishism alive: people are always talking about when their phone contract expires, about their designs on a new IPhone 90 S Note Gear VR HD 4K (now with .1 times more zoom).

The group chat is constantly flooded with notifications about some bandit usurping the highest scorer in Snake, and you just know there’s going to be tension around the dinner table. Some might say it’s a cruel instance of cosmic irony that my neighbour has a professional gaming PC while I suffer from withdrawal symptoms, but if one day he announces he’s holding a horror game and drinks night, and I happen to have finished my work for the day, there’s no better feeling than getting the squad together for some mindless fun.

These trends are evident in the industry as a whole, too. The decade has seen mobile games dominate, as no one seems immune from those seductive, bitesize morsels of Candy Crush Saga or Temple Run. Handheld gaming continues to be the preferred method of play in Japan, and among those commuters who grew up in the infant years of gaming and now find themselves having to balance their hobby with ‘real life’. The release of the Nintendo Switch, if anything, proves that flexible, adaptable gaming is paramount in the confusing and busy state of modern life. Gone are the days of having to glue yourself to the sofa to play something; now you can play full-scale console games on the trot!

As an English Lit student, I already inhabit a perpetual fantasy land (just ask any science student), so maybe I’m more sensitive to the implications of gaming as a cultural medium. I’m totally guilty of playing something, or watching a film, and having to take a timeout to analyse the formal and structural qualities working to provoke a response from me. Now that gaming has had time to evolve in a similar style to cinema, developers are experimenting with plot, and using gaming’s most unique feature, player interaction, to create immersive and complex experiences. I only hope I live to see the day when someone writes a dissertation comparing the subversion of conventional family roles in To the Lighthouse and The Last of Us. Wait…that gives me an idea.

Joking aside, I accept that gaming is a niche, but ever-growing, pastime, but I find the healthiest attitude to adopt towards it is that it is just another element of culture. Television, film, music, visual art, literature, video games: they are all products of our culture, of human experience.

The hawks take flight over Syria

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There’s a flare. From the base of the missile, a rumble of force as the burst thrusts the twenty-foot metal shell and its deadly contents into the air. A thick spume lingers on the deck of the vessel in the aftermath as the Tomahawk tears its way skyward and angles into its trajectory toward the target: a sprawling Assad regime airbase. The process repeats over fifty times. In the meantime, all the world can do is watch—and wait.

It’s President Trump’s first conventional military attack on another country. It comes amid increased pressure on the White House from interventionists and hawks to act in response to the chemical attack believed to have been perpetrated by the Assad Regime in Idlib on Tuesday. That attack (utilising the deadly nerve agent sarin) resulted in the deaths of approximately one hundred individuals. Twenty-five were children.

For those who criticised the jaw-jaw of the UN Security Council’s finger-wagging at Russia and Syria one would expect the US strikes to be greeted with aplomb. Surely here was the decisive action that the bleeding-heart hawks of the world so desperately sought? But no—there is instead a sense of graven dread. It conjures to mind the myth of Pandora’s box, or the adage of the genie being let out of the bottle. Events are apace, terrible events, the like of which our world has not seen for near half-a-century.

Last year I would quip that when the US rejected Hilary Clinton, it dodged not just a bullet but a nuclear bomb. That was because the hawkish proclivities of Mrs Clinton were abhorrent to my concern for the peace of the West, and the relative calm of the world. Clinton seemed set to embark upon a campaign of bellicosity against Assad and Putin which many thought would usher in the dreaded war to end all wars: World War III. The threat was very real, as was highlighted by the Russian President himself, who predicted that if Clinton took power war between the two international titans would ensue. She did not. And for a time, those of us averse to the prospect of global conflict with Russia could breathe a sigh of relief.

Then came today’s events. A few hours prior to the missile strikes, Clinton, in an interview, suggested the US target Assad’s airbases. From her, such action would be expected. But not from Trump. This is a man who flirted more than once in his rallies and debates with the idea that Assad would continue as President, even temporarily, in the aftermath of the civil war. The indifference which characterised Trumpist isolationism presented a more tactile, pragmatic approach to the Syrian situation; an acknowledgement that the only credible power in the region was Assad, that there was no tangible opposition that could fill the void in his prospective absence, and a recognition that the greatest threat in Syria was not the incumbent Government, but ISIS.

Tuesday proved a watershed moment for the Trump Administration. The President was visibly shocked responding to questions in the aftermath of the sarin gas attack—and he was uncompromising in his acknowledgement that the Syrian leader had “crossed many, many lines”. Trump’s response was an emotional condemnation which betrayed his oft-ignored humanity. But it was also a red flag. For here was the danger of heart ruling head.

Trump’s previous position on this matter was at least plausible. A conclusion to the civil war under the Assad regime (giving way to democratic reforms) was distasteful, but was at least achievable. The rag-tag band of rebels that battle the Government are lame ducks, distractions, that hover at some times dangerously close to the realms of Islamic extremism, at others frustratingly near to feebleness and anonymity.

Imbecility abounds, and dangerously so. For those that call upon the West to swoop down, with unbridled zeal, talons bared, in a clamour of compassion upon Syria, I ask: have you forgotten so quickly the cause of these problems—our intervention in Iraq in 2003, our support for the revolutions of 2011? Have you a plan for just how we might force Assad from power? Indeed, have you any idea what might replace him? And above all, are you prepared to see the embers of this skirmish in Syria reignite into total war with Russia? I am not, and I defy anyone to say that they would sacrifice the peace of the world for Syria.

Those images of men, women, and especially children, gasping for air, convulsing as the confounded poison gradually works through their systems, are an indictment upon humanity. Harrowing and horrific, they make us numb, they tear at our hearts, they scar our souls. But they are not an excuse for us to take leave of our senses. They are not a casus belli for us to initiate World War III. They are not a reason for us to repeat the same blasted mistakes of the past. They are a warning from history of the danger of heart ruling head. This civil war is after all a revolution: and revolutions are passionate and not rational in nature. As such, no civilised country should have a part in their promulgation.

Today’s strikes were conducted with cruise missiles. No US troops were engaged, no pilots required. It would behove the Trump Administration to remember that a core appeal which it made to its supporters was in its promise to keep America out of foreign wars, and moreover to prevent further deterioration in the West’s relationship with Russia. I for one will not condone the spilling of Western blood in a war that is not our own, for an end that is not to our favour. Trump’s impassioned defence of his actions makes clear the vigour of his regime, the unpredictability of it. For this I am prepared to give him the benefit of the doubt, and commend his show of strength. He has put the fear of God into them—and that is not a bad thing. But let us hope our intervention ends there, that this “limited” missile-strike is just that: limited. For I remind the President of the words of his able and much admired predecessor, John Adams: “Great is the guilt of an unnecessary war.”

Highway to hell

I have a terrible vision of what it will be like to walk into Worcester bar on my first day back for Trinity term. I shuffle through the dark doorway, head drooping, shoulders hunched. Casting furtive glances from left to right, I do my best to keep a low profile. But despite my best efforts, people begin to spot me; heads turn, and the mutterings begin. Some nudge their friends enthusiastically, thrilled at the prospect of a sighting. Others cast questioning glances, and are quietly filled in. ‘No!’ They reel back in shock. ‘She didn’t! Not again…’ I gaze up at the arched ceiling, feigning indifference, and am struck for the first time by the room’s resemblance to a tomb. My friends approach hesitantly, unsure of what to say, or where to look. Then, finally, the tension breaks, as one student simply cannot contain her disbelief. “You have got to be kidding me!” she shrieks. “No one at Oxford fails their driving test four times!”

No one, that is, except me. Well, not even quite me, not yet at least. My collection of test sheets­—crawling with the shaky ink scrawl of examiners desperately trying to record all seventeen majors as we take a medium-sized village at 65mph–as yet only amounts to three. But the stage is all set for the fateful fourth attempt: 8.10 am at Dorchester Test Centre on the Tuesday of 0th (if anyone would like to come along, I’m charging five quid for passenger seat rides, but the disclaimer form must be filled in). Only three so far, yes, but rather like those long-suffering teenagers in The Hunger Games, the odds never do seem to be in my favour.

There’s no need to dwell on the sordid details of my first three attempts. Imagine red lights that went unnoticed, hedgerows massacred, children who will never quite be the same again, and you’ll get the general idea. For anyone interested, the injury count has been relatively low so far: a couple of cats, the odd pedestrian sustaining minor fractures. What has not been left intact however—along with the wing mirrors of most of Dorset—is my self-esteem. To be fair, a tiny part of me finds it strangely thrilling. As I’m sure is the case for most Oxford students, not passing an exam is a bit of an alien experience. So this is what it’s like to fail. Wow. But for the most part, I have found the entire process fairly soul-destroying. I waltzed into the driving seat of my sister’s Peugeot 104 eighteen months ago, young and carefree, brimming with confidence and hope. I now totter out of it daily, a pale and bony skeleton of my former self, before crawling across the front steps towards heavy liquor and oblivion.

I really don’t know why I can’t do it. I’m not a hugely practical person, sure. I’ve never been much good at map reading or cutting in straight lines, or any of those things that reek of competence and career prospects. But what I can’t quite compute, the thing that snakes its way through the most fragile parts of my ego and seems to smack me in the face every time I crunch against the curbstone on a parallel park, or take out a passing cyclist, is that everyone can drive. I mean everyone. Roughly 75% of the UK population hold an active driving license, and the remaining 25% are mostly under-18. So, there we have it, in cold hard data. I am the only person in the country who cannot drive. It is a sobering thought.

And it’s not just my self-worth that this constant cycle of failure affects. My holidays for the past two years have been (and, let’s be real, probably always will be) spent secluded in the countryside, screeching across roundabouts in neutral, and terrorising local commuters. As one of the few friends I have left remarked the other day, as I produced yet another unconvincing excuse as to why I could not make it up to London to see her, “you used to have a social life. Now you drive.”

It is not just friends that have fallen by the wayside, however, even my family is beginning to crumble around me. My parents were at first amused, then confused, and now just abused by my abject incompetence. They take me out to practise—patient, helpful and outstandingly brave—while I gnash my teeth, bawl and berate them for their parental inadequacies as we rebound off lampposts. They spent the last two terms cowering at home, watching the days slide by with terrible inevitability to the beginning of the next vac, and the carnage that would ensue when I next got behind the wheel.

So, if you enjoyed reading this, if you chuckled at my incompetence or smiled at my pain, if you pity the friends who no longer remember what I look like, or the family who can’t sleep at night, then set an alarm for 8.10 am on Tuesday of 0th. Wake up, get out of bed, and get down on your knees and pray. Because it’s gong to take a miracle.

 

EXCLUSIVE: Open House group move into new Cowley Road location

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Open House, a group which organises shelter, meals and training for homeless people, have found a new building from which to operate.

According to sources close to Open House, the group have occupied old, empty offices above the Sainsbury’s on Cowley Road.

On Friday evening, the group displayed a banner on the outside of the building reading ‘People need homes – empty spaces need people’.

Most of the group have been already moved into the offices. It is not yet known who owns this new location, though the group are working to determine ownership.

Earlier this week, a court order ruled that they must leave their previous residence, an unused Italian restaurant in Summertown, by today, (7 April).

They moved to the restaurant from the Old Power Station, a university-owned property from which the group was evicted on 13 March.

Before this, the group had been squatting in a building owned by Wadham College. They were forced out of this former VW showroom, where they had been squatting for two months, by a possession order issued by the leaseholders of the bottom floor of the building.

After their eviction from the Old Power Station, Oxford University students organised a protest to draw attention to the number of empty buildings in Oxford.

The demonstration took place outside of the Saïd Business School, coinciding with its third annual Oxford Real Estate Conference.

Commenting on the move, Neo, a homeless man and one of the organisers for the group, said: “The old space wasn’t suitable; there were no separate rooms and the water was off, but it was a dry space for people to keep their belongings.”

Open House volunteer Miranda Shaw said: “It was either we give up or we go big. Again. There are still so many empty buildings and people need safe and secure places to keep their belongings and sleep safely.”

Neo added: “People don’t understand what we have done. We have people who have stopped drinking and are now working. If people end up back on the streets it’s inevitable they will go back to their old ways.”

The group is looking for a more permanent solution, and has met with Oxford City Council officers, as well as representatives from the University and local churches, to investigate empty commercial premises in the city.

Driverless cars could be trialled in Oxford by end of this year

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Driverless cars could be operating in Oxford city centre from as early as late 2017 onwards.

Oxbotica, a spin-out company from the University’s Robotics Institute, has just started to trial the vehicles in London and plans to continue the experiment in Oxford.

They are backed by Oxfordshire County Council and Oxfordshire Local Enterprise Partnership (OxLEP), and are in the process of applying for government funding for the project.

Dr Graeme Smith, chief executive of Oxbotica, said: “We hope to see our vehicles running around in Oxford in not too long—we want to close some roads and run some tests towards the end of 2017.”

“Then we’d like to carry out trials in 2018. It would be a mixture of different things, including tests on the actual road network.”

“Oxford has similar traffic problems to lots of other places and there are lots of different scenarios to trial but we are equally interested in trying to help solve the issues here.”

Speaking exclusively to Cherwell in February, he said: “The advantages of these vehicles include that they are by and large electric, meaning less output pollution, and the energy can be generated away from the city itself, creating less urban pollution.

“Another advantage of autonomous vehicles is we are able to schedule where they are, where they go, what they do—such planning allows us to cut down on congestion as well.”

He claimed that the public are generally very accepting of driverless technology, giving the example of the now driverless Docklands Light Railway, which he claims had “no real negative feedback”.

In January, Cherwell reported on how driverless cars could be the future of transportation in the city, with Nigel Tipple, chief executive of OxLEP, commenting: “Students are, of course, among those living and working in Oxford who could benefit from this type of transport innovation; pods could bring cheaper, more efficient and economical travel, particularly around the city centre, and the introduction of such new technology would also mean we all benefit from living and working in a cleaner, greener, less congested city.”

Pembroke second-year Harry Griffiths commented: “Whilst driverless shuttle buses would provide a ‘green’ alternative for public transport in Oxford, and parallel systems such as the tram system in Sheffield (popular with students) have been successful, I believe 2018/19 is an ambitious target given the need for extensive testing phases, especially to address the obvious safety concerns with such technology.”

Eliza McHugh, a second-year chemist at Balliol, said: “As a student who cycles around the city, I think I’d feel much safer on the road with robots continuously learning and self-improving from every other automated car.

“I could trust it to actually follow the rules of the road and make decisions based on huge amounts of situations it’s been programmed to respond to.

“Whilst working for Oxford Sparks, an organisation which engages the public with the university’s scientific research, I had the opportunity to speak to Professor Paul Newman, head of the Oxford Mobile Robotic Groups (MRG). He stressed to me the importance of collective robotics and the importance of shared data.

“When humans learn to drive, they’re learning just by themselves. But for driverless cars, they will start with the benefit of every vehicle’s experience; every vehicle will be able to share every road marking and pedestrian.”

Ketamine could be used to treat depression, Oxford University study finds

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The class B party drug ketamine could be used as a last-resort treatment for sufferers of severe depression, Oxford University scientists say.

For six years, Oxford scientists have used approximately 1000 infusions of the horse tranquilliser to treat more than 100 people with treatment-resistant depression.

They said that patients who received carefully administered intravenous doses of the drug, followed by oral top-ups, reported positive effects in 42 per cent of cases. The drug was slowly injected over 40 minutes once or twice a week.

“I have seen ketamine work where nothing has helped before,” said Dr Rupert McShane, a consultant psychiatrist at Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, who led the programme.

“But ketamine is a drug not a miracle, and maintaining the benefit is a challenge. So far, the only way we have found to maintain the benefit is repeated dosing.

“We think that patients’ treatment should be in specialist centres and formally tracked in national or international registries.

“This will help us to pick up any safety or abuse problems with longer term use, and narrow down what dose, frequency, route and duration of treatment works best.”

Among a range of recommendations listed in the paper, published in The Lancet Psychiatry, the authors say that there is a need for clear guidelines and registries to track results about how patients with depression respond to ketamine.

They suggested further investigation into working out the safety of repeated ketamine treatment, and the potential for misuse.

Ketamine — also known as ‘K’ and ‘Special K’ — is known for giving its users dreamlike, “floaty” feelings, sometimes referred to as “entering the ‘K-hole'”.

It is banned for recreational use in the UK, but is currently a licensed drug, which means it can be prescribed by doctors. In the last year, there has been a boom of private ketamine clinics in the US.

The paper concluded: “We hope that the recommendations proposed here go some way to enabling innovative use of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression to continue, with appropriate care, precaution, and foresight.”

Professor Allan Young, of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said ketamine may cause some mood improvement for sufferers, but “there are still significant gaps in our knowledge about dosage levels, treatment protocols and the effectiveness and safety of long term use.”

“Before ketamine can be recommended for use in clinical practice, extensive research is required to understand how to optimally use ketamine for treating depression.

“The Royal College of Psychiatrists has concerns for patient safety; and hence recommends mental health practitioners to proceed with caution when treating patients with ketamine.”

Harwood and Bouattia clash over NUS vision

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NUS President Malia Bouattia and challenger Tom Harwood faced off yesterday (Wednesday) in a debate at Manchester Student Union.

The hustings took place as part of a series of sessions to be held around the country before the NUS Conference votes on the next president later this month.

Bouattia made history last year as the first Muslim woman elected to the NUS presidency; she has promised to continue her fight to transform the NUS into a grassroots movement.

Her election sparked various disaffiliation campaigns at universities around the country, allegations of anti-Semitism being something which has plagued her tenure.

Also standing is the current NUS Vice-President Shakira Martin, who has vowed to “make education an option for everyone” if elected. She has held various positions within the Union, and won her election last year with 141 votes to 55.

Harwood, the third candidate, made headlines last year with his campaign to be an NUS delegate, with pledges that included erecting a statue of Malia.

He claims that the NUS as a movement has been taken over by the far left, and that it needs to be dragged back to the centre in order to foster more student engagement.

Free speech on campus divided the candidates early on in the hustings. Bouattia claimed that while she supported freedom of speech, there had been a “conflation” between freedom of speech and freedom to hate.

Harwood on the other hand questioned Malia’s decision not to condemn Lincoln Student Union for censoring the Conservative Society last month, saying that this was an example of the sort of politics which alienated many from the NUS.

Harwood was hopeful on Brexit, saying he wanted to stand up for the continued operation of programmes like Erasmus + and Horizon2020.

He later told Cherwell: “We can also use Brexit as a unique opportunity to pursue necessary changes… We can now credibly push for deepening links with higher education institutions around the world.”

Harwood went on to say: “The rhetoric of other candidates in this election, saying that any borders at all are racist for example, is unlikely to help secure the best deal for students.”

Bouattia, by contrast, focused on her vision for an NUS whose main mission was to hold Government to account.

She talked of the places that her NUS had secured on key consultative committees, and the demands that had already been issued on behalf of students to the Government for what was expected out of negotiations, such as increased freedom for students and securing research funding.

The NUS President has a key role in setting the agenda and priorities for student politics nationally.

For Harwood, peaceful collaboration and moderate stances were key: “Dialogue is always better than protest” he told the audience, saying that it “was possible to win” in securing everything from student rights to post-Brexit research funding if the NUS was more inclusive and thus more representative.

Bouattia outlined her desire to continue recent successes in fighting against this year’s Higher Education Bill, for her, showed that the people and the grassroots were already in charge of the student movement.

Speaking exclusively to Cherwell following the hustings, presidential candidate Tom Harwood said: “My NUS would not grandstand on irrelevant geopolitical issues, but focus on the issues that actually matter to students.”

He went on to say: “In order to attract back more students, we have to start speaking for all students, and be welcoming to everyone (even if they don’t think that Jeremy Corbyn is the best thing since 1917!). This starts by implementing a system whereby all students can vote for our national president.”

Elections for NUS President take place at the conference in Brighton from 25 – 27 April.

Malia Bouattia and Shakira Martin, the third presidential candidate who was unable to attend the hustings, have both been contacted for comment.

Open House group evicted from third building

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The Open House group, which organises shelter, meals and training for homeless people, will be evicted from a third property in Oxford, it has been revealed.

Iffley Open House—also known as ‘Osney Open House’—have been squatting in an unused Italian restaurant in Summertown this month, but due to a court order the group must leave by 7 April.

Previously, members of the homeless group had been squatting in a former VW showroom in Iffley Road, owned by Wadham College, for two months. Oxford University students worked alongside local volunteers to aid the homeless residents.

However, the leaseholders of the ground floor of the building—The Midcounties Cooperative—issued a possession order to have the squatters evicted on February 27.

Before moving into the abandoned restaurant, the group were reportedly offered shelter at a church in East Oxford after they were forced to leave the Old Power Station in Osney.

The Old Power Station is owned by the University of Oxford, and the proposals for the Saïd Business School to lease the building from the University to help meet its requirements for more teaching space is thought to be the reason for the group being evicted.

As a result of their eviction from the power station, Oxford University students organised a protest outside the Saïd Business School in a bid to highlight the amount of empty buildings in the city. The demonstration, which took place in Frideswide Square, coincided with the business school’s third annual Oxford Real Estate Conference.

Speaking to the BBC, Iffley Open House member “Neo” commented on the latest developments: “It seems a shame to leave a building empty when there is an epidemic of homelessness in Oxford.

“A lot of these people—when they end up on the street—they’ve lost everything. And what you need to do is you need to build them up, get them back into work, [and] give them purpose.”

According to the group, two people have been re-housed and seven members have found jobs as a result of the project.

Open House have been contacted for comment.