Friday 15th August 2025
Blog Page 230

Alpaca-lypse: Oxford’s favourite animal hates human touch

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Do alpacas even like to be touched? Experts claim that these stars of Oxford welfare weeks don’t like the constant attention.

Alpacas have been warmly welcomed at Oxford as paragons of tranquility. Student welfare events featuring these fluffy, adorable animals have graced at least a dozen colleges in recent years. Sam Glossop told Cherwell that their appearance at Balliol College last Trinity created a “very upbeat atmosphere” and was “probably the most popular [event] of the year.” Although “stroking an alpaca isn’t going to solve anything serious,” Sam contends that “it fits in as a fun front to the more major welfare support provided by the college systems.”

However, new concerns are arising about the ethics behind bringing in alpacas. If you search “Do alpacas like to be petted?” on Google, you will find a near consensus among alpaca farmers that alpacas in fact do not like to be petted or hugged, especially by strangers. While it may be soothing for us, it is quite stressful for the alpacas even if they do not show it.

Several staff from local alpaca farms expressed disapproval with this popular Oxford event. Philippa Wills, the proprietor of Great House Alpacas in Oxfordshire, strongly believes that petting alpacas is “a bad idea”. Having handled and bred alpacas for the past 29 years, Wills told Cherwell: “There are two types of animals, the hunted and those that hunt… alpacas belong to the hunted class and can only defend themselves by backing off or flight.” Unlike predator animals such as dogs or cats, which are also brought in for student welfare purposes, alpacas have a completely different, fear-based relationship to human interaction.

Owner of Fairytale Farm, Nick Laister, also believes that the furry critters dislike human contact.  Laister told Cherwell: “The only thing we do… on occasional days, and with limited numbers, is walking with alpacas. Here, there is no direct contact, and they seem to be happy doing it.”

However, Laister also believes that with time, the animals can acclimatize themselves with humans. “Our alpacas are growing friendly with our visitors, so (they) now actually voluntarily go up to visitors who are standing by their enclosures, which is something they would never have done 10 years ago,” he stated. According to Laister, this behavioral tendency was gradually exhibited without any coaxing.

Lea Moutault, who organized last year’s alpaca event at Balliol College as the JCR welfare representative, told Cherwell that the alpacas were handled very delicately and let to wander on their own. In addition, they were reassured by Pennybridge Farm that the alpacas were comfortable with humans. However, Lea told Cherwell: “I personally think in terms of a balance between human and animal welfare, human welfare should not supersede animal welfare.” If she could organize the event again, she says that she would’ve done further research to ensure the wellbeing of the alpacas involved.

It seems like alpaca petting has made its way into the canon of ongoing animal ethics debates, alongside zoos, animal testing, and whale watching. So, when midterm blues strike, maybe let these gentle creatures be and opt for a relaxing walk with a friend or tutor’s dog, give some lettuce to your college tortoise or attempt to befriend the local cat.

Image credit: Jess Cullen/Ellie Moriuchi

Being Scottish at Oxford

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When I was seventeen, I moved over three hundred miles from Edinburgh to Oxford. I expected there to be more Scottish students. I pottered around my new home, noticing how flat the earth is here and the tap water’s different taste. I was surrounded by English accents I’d never heard before and my Scottish money was rejected. Being Scottish quickly became a talking point and in turn a personality trait. My very mild accent was deemed ‘remarkably Scottish’. Yet in fresher’s week I was asked twice where in Ireland I was from. One of my tutors once tried to tell me I was a northerner and peers suggested I went along to northerner’s society events. I’m not a northerner, I’m Scottish, I insisted, as they bragged the furthest north they’ve been is Durham. When I first visited Oxford after receiving my offer it felt like stepping into a foreign country with June’s sweltering heat, and yet the English still complain about college turning off heating in Trinity term.

It was thrilling to bring out the summer clothes I could only wear a couple times a year in Edinburgh. I arrived in Michaelmas without a hat or gloves and was surprised to see snow fall after our Christmas dinner. To my bitter disappointment, the Burns Supper was cancelled and many of my new friends asked what Hogmanay was after I wished them a happy Hoggers on New Year’s Eve.

During the vacs it is very hard to meet up with anyone. Justifiably nobody really fancies a terribly expensive train journey.

The Oxford Scottish society has been a wonderful way to meet fellow Scots at uni. Our first meet up was at The Swan and castle. Squashed together at a sticky table, we quickly formed a committee. A random thirty-five-year-old man, without a connection to Scotland or the university turned up at our table. He then proceeded to send lots of messages promising that he ‘a gentleman fully’. ‘OxScotSoc’ has really taken off this term. Last week we had a welcome drinks at New College bar. After finding the bar – New College is a maze of dark tunnels and turrets – we gathered to get to know each other and have a drink. No Tenants in sight unfortunately. Then I ended up at a New College karaoke event at the mad hatter and sang This Is The Life.

This week we had a Celtic pub crawl in collaboration with the Welsh and Irish societies. The Welsh students came fully geared out with Welsh hats. We poured into The Crown, Chequers, The Swan and Castle, The Cow and Creek and Four Candles. Then the remaining Celtic clan went on to Atik. I had a 9am, one-on-one tutorial and was not led into temptation. I managed to make the sensible decision to return to my chambers after the final pub. We went to McDonalds – a dystopian reality late at night, full of tipsy and tenacious students clinging on to their tickets like gold dust.

Running the social media for Scottish society has been so much fun. I’ve downloaded Canva and enjoyed documenting events such as the pub crawl. Being Scottish at Oxford was more of a big deal then I thought it would be. Sometimes when I’m sat on a delayed train clinging onto my suitcase, jam packed with books, I wish the uni was not so very far away. At least being Scottish at Oxford has given me a talking point. I often approach people in tartan trews or kilts only to discover they’re in fact American, so I’m looking forward to meeting more fellow Scots at our next event.

Teenage Meningitis vaccination programme drives herd immunity across all ages

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Researchers from Oxford University have found that a teenage meningitis vaccine programme drives herd immunity across all ages.


This week, Oxford scientists have reported findings from a large-scale study which investigated the impact of the UK’s MenACWY vaccination programme on the infection rate of meningitis bacteria, which is spread in the throats of teenagers. The results demonstrated that the vaccination programme drives herd immunity, protecting people of all age groups.


The researchers took throat swabs to assess the prevalence of meningitis causing bacteria before and after the introduction of the vaccination programme. The study, which was published by Clinical Microbiology and Infection, used two cross-sectional studies conducted just under four years apart. The vaccine was found to reduce the carriage of the W and Y meningococcal groups, whilst also maintaining low levels of the C group.
The two studies used were the UKMenCar4 study, conducted September 2014 to March 2015 before the MenACWY vaccine was introduced, and the Be on the TEAM study, conducted March 2018 to November 2018 after the vaccine was introduced. Data from 24,062 students aged 15 to 19 were included: 10,624 from UKMenCar4 and 13,428 from Be on the TEAM. The researchers concluded:


• C, W, and Y meningococcal carriage decreased from 2.03% to 0.71%;
• carriage of the W group decreased from 0.34% to 0.09%;
• carriage of the Y group decreased from 1.6% to 0.5%; and
• carriage of the C group remained rare (0.07% to 0.13%).


Prior to 2009, the UK used a vaccine targeting only the C group of Meningitis. However, responding to rising rates of meningitis cases driven by the W and Y strains in 2015, they introduced the quadrivalent MenACWY vaccines. The vaccination programme was enrolled to teenagers aged 14 to 19, where transmission of the meningitis bacteria is highest, in the hopes of driving herd immunity effects.


Matthew Snape, a Professor in Paediatrics and Vaccinology at the Oxford Vaccine Group and a lead author of this study, said: “These studies report the results of throat swabs taken from over 24,000 teenagers in more than 170 secondary schools across the country, showing yet again the fantastic enthusiasm of the UK public for taking part in research.


“The results show us that by immunising teenagers with MenACWY vaccines we not only protect them directly, but also reduce the risk of all others in the community suffering from meningitis and sepsis due to these bacteria.


“Immunising teenagers rather than infants means we get more benefit out of each dose given. These two studies therefore provide invaluable data to help us use these vaccines effectively, both in the UK and internationally.”


The findings from the study match with UK data showing that the incidence of MenW disease has fallen since the teenage MenACWY vaccine campaign was launched; not just in teenagers themselves but across all age groups. This study provides further evidence for the importance of targeting age groups with high rates of meningococcal transmission to make the most effective use of vaccines by encouraging herd immunity as opposed to immunising other age groups via vaccination.


Martin Maiden, Professor of Molecular Epidemiology at the Department of Biology, University of Oxford, said: “We have been systematically investigating meningococcal vaccination and its effects on carriage in Oxford since 1999. These studies have been crucial in enabling the most effective use of meningococcal vaccines around the world.


“In combination with our work with colleagues at Public Health England (now HSA) that characterized the MenW epidemic variant at the genomic level, this work helped to interrupt an epidemic that would likely have affected thousands of individuals. This demonstrates the importance of long-term studies that permit the anticipation of epidemics and pandemics and enables them to be curtailed before they impact the population too severely.”


Image Credit: CDC via Unsplash

Sartorelli’s review – a Covered Market pizza love story

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There are so many pizza restaurants around and flourishing as an independent is notoriously difficult. Sartorelli’s does it with apparent ease.  Bursting with personality and great-tasting food in the Covered Market, right in the heart of Oxford, the seemingly endless queues are well worth the wait.

Head Chef and co-owner Magnus was kind enough to invite us along on Monday, the only day when the shutters are usually down, in order to try a huge variety of what Sartorelli’s has on offer.  It certainly didn’t disappoint.

We opened with the nibble board, made up of black and green olives and pepperoni.  The kalamata olives were halved and balanced with olive oil and chilli to produce a really well-rounded snack whereas the green were satisfyingly meaty and offered that trademark ‘olive’ flavour.  It was the pepperoni that really stole the show here though and was the first example of the triumphs of simplicity at Sartorelli’s.  The meat, sourced locally, is baked in the oven on its own in a pan, releasing the oils and brilliantly spicy flavour that come with them.

Next up was bruschetta, Magnus style.  Instead of the conventional toasted bread dish, the chef here uses his conventional pizza base with sliced garlic and garlic oil before topping with heritage tomatoes and basil from the greengrocers next door.  Alongside the anchovy, garlic, and red pepper ‘Sardella’ dip, it is impossible not to just keep going back for more bites.  In all honesty, you could quite easily visit this pizzeria and be satisfied before getting anywhere near the pizzas themselves!

But when the pizzas do arrive, they undoubtedly steal the show.  We tried the Luciana, the Jack the Ripper, and the Big John calzone.  The first was a simple combination of capers, anchovies, black olives and rocket on a tomato base with a touch of garlic.  The lack of cheese means that the salty and intense flavour of the anchovies and capers really punches through.  The Jack the Ripper does bring the cheese (lots of it!) as well as red peppers and triple pepperoni.  The spicy pepperoni is countered by the cheese and the result is a hefty pizza that could definitely feed two for lunch.

Big John’s calzone was my personal favourite.  Despite its crispy and thin top, it maintains its structure beautifully.  That also means that the cheese, olive and tomatoes inside retain so much more of their flavour than on top of a conventional base.  The twist here is the placing of the pepperoni on the outside so that its flavour is released properly, much like when Magnus serves it as a nibble.

The pizza bases themselves are made from the restaurant’s own sourdough starter named Sarah (everything here has a personality-enhancing name) and made with the highest quality white flour grains.  To make these hugely well-sized pizzas even more appealing, they start at just £6.95, with the bruschetta coming in at less than £5.  

What makes Sartorelli’s so special, and what I suspect keeps people coming back time and time again, is the true passion and uniqueness of the place.  This is no Pizza Express.  Every base is lovingly decorated with care and flare.  As much as the flavour partnerships on the menu are superb, Magnus is also keen to stress that he is happy to accommodate all tastes.  “If you want pineapple, bring it in and I’ll cook it”, he jokes.  Here, your dough can be rolled as thin or fat as you like it, topped with whatever you want, and cooked as long as desire.  It’s like a pizza science lab where you are given full control but an expert is always on hand to point you in the right direction.

Ultimately, Sartorelli’s is so good because it focuses on doing the simple things perfectly.  It is filled with character and passion, stocked full of top-quality local ingredients, and manned by one of the friendliest, funniest, and most accommodating chefs you’ll ever meet.  Next time you are in the Covered Market, grab a glass of wine from Teardrop (the wine bar next door owned by Magnus’ partner), pull up a stool at the hatch, and chat the hours away with pizza and plenty of Sardella dip!

Image: Oliver Hall

Hybrid homes – fitting and not

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Oxford terms are frequently described as fever dreams, digestible only through Instagram photo dumps and Facetime debriefs. The first time I came home from Oxford – after a lockdown-heavy, hazy eight weeks – I experienced a culture shock like I never quite had before. Transitioning from my small East Kent hometown to Oxford was strange enough, but somehow the reverse was even weirder. 

Oxford, and where I call home, are radically different places. If I could place them on a scale, they would be polar opposites. It doesn’t mean I prefer one to the other, but rather that I feel like two different people in either place. Oxford is busy, stimulating, challenging, exciting, and social, but also unwelcoming in places. I can navigate my hometown with my eyes closed; its comforts and mundanity embrace me after weeks of rushing to meet deadlines and not stopping to look after myself. Despite this, I don’t know who I am between the two places – I don’t necessarily feel torn between the two, rather stuck somewhere in the middle.

Morrissey once compared being a teenager to the feeling of waiting for a bus that never comes. This is what going home is like, for me. Long summers, though spent with my loving family and the school friends I grew up with, are a plateau of lack of aspiration and feeling disconnected to everyone around me. Maybe this is an Oxford-produced superiority complex, but I don’t quite fit there anymore – when I get my hair cut at home, I lie about the University I go to, as it starts a conversation I would rather just not have. I should be proud to say I go to Oxford, but it isn’t quite as simple as that. In Oxford, however, I’m not waiting for a bus. I’m falling into it, half-drunk, in an essay crisis flurry, probably crying over a boy who hasn’t thought twice about me. Though chaotic, I’m challenged and stretched, and someone who has been lucky to have an opportunity that most people simply don’t have where I am from. 

Yet, Oxford is still adapting to become truly accessible. This does show through the assumptions that come through in language, and baffling tradition – so I don’t truly fit here either. 

Not necessarily a concrete, or frequently articulated, problem, I don’t think there is equally a clear solution. Often, students from backgrounds and towns like mine shy away from discussing where they are from, our words often lost among conversation of tube lines and second homes. It’s easier said than done, but we need to challenge ourselves to speak openly about our hometowns – whatever complex feeling this may cause internally. University-wide, this is facilitated by the developing field of ‘increach’, providing support to students who struggle in Oxford because of their background. This has real potential to start a conversation that most of the time is not heard: by students who almost fit, but also, almost don’t.

Image: Alison Day/CC BY-ND 2.0 via Flickr

Nocturne Productions: A new take on filmmaking in Oxford with “Breakwater”

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‘Breakwater’ is an upcoming feature-length film, produced by Oxford-based Nocturne Productions, and the first film by Oxford University students since Privileged in 1982. The film follows the relationship between Otto, a university student, and John, a retired angler who lives on the coast. Their lives collide and fuse irreversibly over the shared trauma of losing a loved one. However, their tentative romance develops into something more sinister after the past exhumes itself in the form of guilt, grief and ghosts to devastating effect. 

What sort of precedent did Privileged (1982) set, and would you like to follow in that precedent or innovate?

Max: We’re working with the people who did Privileged as a team, and they’re helping us  with production and with script a great deal as well. It’s a really well shot film, and Andy (Paterson) has been telling us loads of stories about how they did it. Every night they would shoot a roll of film then drive in the evening to the studio to get it processed, then they’d drive back and do another day of shooting, so it was just this constant cycle. When they first came and met with us, they said they were listening to Bruce Springsteen, just as they did when they were on their way to drop the film off at the studio when they were shooting. But before we properly started the project, we knew that ‘Privileged’ was a very Oxford-centric project about this elite group of people. It’s such a cool film, but we were hoping to make Breakwater a bit more independent of Oxford, and differentiate it from quite a lot of student films in a sense by having it pay homage to Oxford, but also to portray Oxford in a slightly different light as well. The film has more depth not only by having the entire second location on the Suffolk coast, where the bulk of the film is set, but also by portraying a relationship between two very different people with varying backgrounds. Production-wise, Privileged started so many careers, Hugh Grant etc, so it would be really cool to know that we’ve given people their first opportunity to get involved in film. But I think in terms of precedent we want to make a good film first, I guess, and see what happens afterwards and hopefully have fun with it.

Jemima: I think also we’re really lucky; their advice guided us through this whole process as well, because I think when we first got into it we were thinking ‘We just need a £5k budget, we just need this etc’, and it’s been rising and rising and rising and that covers having people in the industry helping professionally. What we’re taking on here is a two year project, it’s going to be massive. It’s not your ordinary student film by any means.

My next question, which I think you may have already answered, pertains to important the previous cast and crew of Privileged have been in the inspiration for Breakwater?

Jemima: Andy and Mike (Hoffman) have been absolutely invaluable with the script. They came to this meeting that we had with them with so many notes and it was really cool to hear how they worked. Mike was a Master’s student at Oxford, specialising in Shakespeare, so the whole time we were talking through the script he’d frame it with a Shakespearean reference. And he’d have diagrams and was like ‘This is what happens at this point in Twelfth Night. How does that connect to Breakwater?’. It was really amazing for them to care so much and have so many notes. It was hours of us just chatting with them. At the start they were very intense. They asked Max some hard-hitting questions and he did really well. They were like ‘Describe this film in five words. Give me an example where two people’s narratives in a film together has ever worked.’ It was basically baptism by fire but by the end of it, it was really fun.

Max: The film has definitely become a lot better because of what they did. And we’re constantly sending updates to them as well, so they’re still reading it which is amazing considering how busy they are. 

You’ve written an exciting summary of your film on the Indiegogo website, but what do you want the style of the film to achieve?

Max: I think when we originally described it on the Facebook call out for crew, we described it as like Mark Jenkins’ ‘Bait’, set in Cornwall and shot on film, it’s about this fisherman’s struggle against gentrification, and losing a fishing boat. It’s highly stylistic, black and white, and visually I think that’s something we’re aiming for. But in terms of plot, maybe something slightly more psychological. Psychological drama and horror are the sort of genres we’re aiming for. And obviously with Oxford and Suffolk we’re shooting in two visually stunning locations, it’s about the clashing of those two; the smoothness of the golden sandstone and something a bit grittier, salt-encrusted and darker. I think the film is one of self-discovery as you descend into darkness, collapsing into something more sinister as their relationship develops. 

Jemima: We’re trying to move way from the whole ‘Oxford’ style because I think a lot of student films like to capitalise on the happiness, romanticism and hedonism of Oxford. This is very much taking quite a stark difference, though at the same time what we’re quite aware of is that we’ve kind of done a really perverse Brideshead. We’ve taken this Brideshead format of our main character becoming a bit of a ‘Charles’ and we’ve just wrecked the idea of what Sebastian is. That, in my opinion, is what the new script is looking like. So we’re paying homage to these Oxford traditions but at the same time mixing them in with some dark stuff. 

Again I think you’ve already half-answered this, but very simply what have been your creative influences?

Max: I really like the plays of Robert Holman because he writes about the coast loads. And there’s a play it’s loosely based on called ‘Jonah and Otto’. But I don’t know, because when we first started talking about doing this, it was various groupings of images and developing a plot out of it with massive shifts between what happens. This is really random, but the band ‘Jockstrap’ were a massive influence. I saw a ‘Jockstrap’ concert, and I thought it would interesting to write about the relationship between experimental music and someone radically outside of that and outside of the Oxford sphere. I live close to where we’re filming so I have a lot of memories there, and I think that’s partly something to do with it and something to do with the fact that we can film in Oxford. Knowing the area where we’re going to be shooting helps too. That’s something we’re having to grapple with when we make this, because obviously we have a limited budget and not necessarily limited technical capabilities. But we’re still students and we’re working around ‘Who’s going to stay where? How many air mattresses do we need? How are we going to get extras for this scene?’. It’s thinking about how we’re going to move forward with the film whilst bearing stuff like budget and what’s technically feasible in mind. For example, ‘How are we going to light this scene?’, and ‘Where are we going to shoot it?’ has an impact on writing. Recently, our primary filming location burnt down.

Jemima: Two floors just gone! It was our prime location, and it was ‘John’s’ house.

Max: Yeah we were going to stay in my friend’s house and shoot downstairs. It was so antiquated that it wasn’t fireproof and burnt down. Fortunately, we’ve found alternatives but we’re still working with that. 

You have your launch coming up on the 27th of October at OXO Bar. What can we expect from that?
Jemima: It’s a way for everyone to meet our cast and crew, and in particular our crew from London. We’ve got our gaffer now so you’ll meet him and our DoP. There’s thirty people in our team so they’ll all be able to meet each other which is amazing. And more importantly everyone from Oxford can come and meet them because we everyone to get to know the crew, especially because we’re going to try and get casting really soon. We obviously want people who are interested in casting to come, we’re going to have ‘Breakwater’ themed drinks like ‘Otto’s drink’, and we’ve got some really exciting raffle prizes from some amazing sponsors. G&D’s is giving us vouchers for Sunday ice cream and we’ve got ball tickets. The raffle, importantly, is going to be an online thing that people can be part of, if they can’t make it to the drinks. It’s completely free to come, we just want everyone to see what the vibe is. We also have merch by our amazing graphics designer Freddie, who also did the poster. It’s really exciting.

BMW to move Oxfordshire production of electric Minis offshore

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BMW is preparing to end production of the electric Mini U.K., sparking fears about the future of the Cowley-based Mini factory Plant Oxford.

Located on the outskirts of the city, the factory builds 40,000 electric Minis a year, and is the largest industrial employer in Oxfordshire. BMW, through a partnership with Chinese manufacturers Great Wall Motors, plans to move production offshore to an unspecified location in China from 2024, in a move likely to jeopardize plans for the future of zero- emission vehicle (ZEV) manufacturing in Britain.

This partnership will see the production of BMW’s electric hatchback and small SUV models move to China, along with the pioneering zero-emission Mini Aceman. Furthermore, the company’s largest electric model, the Countryman, will be produced in Leipzig from 2023 onwards.

There are no dates or timeframe on when Mini production might return to Oxford, and the company plans to remove ZEV production and assembly lines from the Cowley factory as part of a general renovation, citing inefficiencies in the manufacturing process.

BMW maintains that Oxford “will remain at the heart of Mini production”, and that the move will not result in any redundancies or job losses in Oxford. BMW still intends to build models with internal combustion engines at Plant Oxford, with no intention to halt production until the 2030s.

Nonetheless, the company intends to ensure all Mini products are ZEVs in the same timeframe, and it is not yet clear how exactly their Oxford operations fit into this plan.

Council Leader Susan Brown of Oxford City Council expressed concerns over the move, stating that she was “disturbed to see reports about […] the future of the BMW Mini plant in Oxford”, which she described as an integral part of the city’s “strong manufacturing heritage”. However, having sought “reassurances” from BMW about their future plans for the Mini range, she confirmed that the company retains an “ongoing commitment to the city”, citing “significant investments” in the Cowley site in recent years.

Brown also expressed pride in City Council’s “shared commitment” with BMW to the target of a “zero-carbon Oxford by 2040”, and suggested that the council’s partnership with the company remains likely to continue in the future.

The offshoring of Mini ZEV production, which further imperils hopes for Britain’s future as a green manufacturing hub, is the latest in a number of setbacks to the U.K. automotive industry. Earlier this year, Honda’s plant in Swindon closed, taking 3,500 jobs with it.

Some have linked these closures to post-Brexit supply and trade problems, but BMW denies any link between these issues and their decision to cease electric Mini production.

Image Credit: [Lobster1]/[CC BY-SA 3.0] via [Wikimedia Commons]

Diversity Triumphs: UK finally has PM from Lincoln College

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In a stunning moment for diversity in British politics, Rishi Sunak became Britain’s first Prime Minister to have attended Lincoln College, Oxford on Tuesday. “People said it couldn’t be done, but here I am,” said Sunak, the former Chancellor of the Exchequer who matriculated into Lincoln in 1998 and graduated in 2001 with a first in PPE. 

“This is an incredible achievement,” said the current Master of Lincoln College, “to think that a college which was only ranked third in the Norrington Table in 2021 could send an alumnus to No. 10. It really proves that in this country you can achieve anything if you work hard enough.” 

Sunak, who is worth around £730 million through his former career in finance and his marriage to heiress Akshata Murty, has had to overcome the barriers placed before him by politicians who attended Christ Church or Merton in order to become the leader of the Conservative and Unionist Party. “I believe that anyone who attended Oxford, even those who studied at St. Peter’s or Lady Margaret Hall can now dream of becoming Prime Minister. I hope I am an inspiration to Oxford graduates everywhere,” said Sunak. 

The new Prime Minister met with King Charles III on Tuesday to receive his invitation to form a government, the first Lincoln graduate to have been granted such an honour. “It was not lost on me,” said Sunak of the meeting, “that history was being made at that moment. Needless to say I was thinking of all those Lincoln graduates who had to live and die without becoming Prime Minister.” Sunak has pledged that, despite having attended Lincoln, he will be a Prime Minister for members of all colleges, and, presumably, other Britons as well. 

Lincoln graduate Sunak will also be the first non-white person to become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

Union controversy as Freemasons “crash” state-school access event

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Controversy has erupted at the Oxford Union after members alleged that a group of Freemasons were present at a socio-economic access event. Their appearance in white tie caused particular upset, since a similar incident last year was supposed to have led to the Union planning events to avoid conflicts with the masonic lodge’s calendar.

The event was claimed to have taken place on Saturday 22nd October, when Freemasons came into the Union Bar wearing white tie during an access social with the 93% Club, Oxford University’s state-school society. This event was intended as a way for students from underrepresented socio-economic backgrounds to enjoy the Union in a less formal capacity, introducing its potential to be an accessible and welcoming space for all.

Freemasons are members of social organisations which originally promoted freedom of religion and speech, but now mainly serve a social function. Their use of secret handshakes and rituals, as well as of formal dress at social events, has led to accusations of elitism. Masonic lodges also prohibit members from discussing their rituals with non-members, which has led to the spawning of conspiracy theories about their practices.

The social was originally held in the Goodman Library, but relocated to the bar when only four members of the 93% Club attended. One member of the Union Committee described the event as “Quite underpopulated compared to expectations, but everyone present seemed to enjoy it”.

However, the appearance of suspected Freemasons, who bought drinks at the bar before walking out again, sparked outrage among some members of Committee, who objected to the fact they were wearing white tie, which they considered elitist. 

The incident caused particular distress by recalling an event last Hillary, when Freemasons allegedly walked into a larger socio-economic access event, and ate some of the food being served. Members of committee who were present described the Freemasons’ appearance as a display of entitlement and a “fuck you” to people from under-represented backgrounds.

In light of this, those responsible for organising events at the Union were expected to account for the Masonic Lodge calendar when planning access socials. Failure to do this satisfactorily caused the current Union Secretary Matthew Dick to come under fire in a Standing Committee meeting on Monday 24th. When questioned on his commitment to access, he said, “I apologise for the lapse in checking the Lodge calendar,” adding, “if I didn’t care about making the society more accessible, I would instantly resign.” However, it was also noted that the masons present on this occasion arrived unannounced and are also Union members, with one committee member telling Cherwell they were “powerless to remove them” for that reason.

Other members of the committee raised concerns about messages Dick sent during the summer vacation, seen by Cherwell, where he joked: “I am a Freemason. I will crash the social this year in white tie”.

Dick told Cherwell: “It is disappointing to learn that excerpts of private messages from many months ago that were exchanged privately have been misused and taken out of context to drive a false narrative. I would also like to reassure members that this sort of behaviour does not represent what most people in the Union stand for and would encourage members to attend Consultative Committee and other events where they can freely ask questions and make up their own minds.”

In the meeting, he added: “access is absolutely not a joke to me. Why would I crash a social event that I organised?”

One Committee member told Cherwell: “[Matthew] is in no way a Freemason, which made this joke particularly funny. It was understood at the time and in the context by everyone in the group chat to be a joke and is still very much seen as [a] joke.”

There is also fear among committee members that the 93% Club may reconsider further partnerships with the Oxford Union as a result of this incident. However, President Ahmad Nawaz said of the Freemasons, “Being a fair president, I cannot remove people because they are in white tie.”

Another committee member added: “the notion that working class students would get perturbed by four men in white tie getting drinks at the bar is deeply patronising towards our working class members. It is a shame that some members of Committee are weaponising the disadvantaged for political gain.”

The Union plans to issue a formal apology and send formal emails to the Freemasons to “100% ensure” this does not happen a third time.

A spokesperson for Apollo University Lodge said: “Members of the Lodge couldn’t have been present at, or ‘crashed’, the socio-economic social hosted by the 93% Club. The Union term card says this took place between 14:00 and 16:00. The photo in the article was clearly taken in the evening, and our dinner didn’t finish until 21:30, so members of the Lodge would only have arrived several hours after the event had ended. What’s more, members of the Lodge who go to the Union after meetings are members of the Union in their own right, and are permitted to use the facilities unless there is a private event (e.g. a ball). There may also have been people present in the bar who had previously been at the 93% Club event, but this is not the same thing, as members of the Union meet in the bar all the time.

We are three organisations, two of which are exclusively for women. The two leading women’s Grand Lodges with whom we have the closest relationships are Freemasonry for Women and the Order of Women Freemasons. These two groups only admit women because that is the choice of their memberships. Both women’s organisations and UGLE prefer to practise our Freemasonry in single-sex environments. Due to our mutual respect and close relations, the United Grand Lodge of England regularly allows the two women’s Grand Lodges to hold meetings in our headquarters.

“Moreover, kindness and charity are deeply ingrained within the principles of Freemasonry. For example, in 2020, Freemasons donated over £1 million to Covid-19 related causes. We have also committed a further £2.1m to support the ongoing Covid-19 crisis response. Of that £2.1m, £850,000 has been allocated to help homeless people through several charities with which UGLE partners, while £715,000 is earmarked to support adult, young and parent carers. And closer to home, Apollo University Lodge supports seven annual bursaries for students who are already in receipt of the Oxford Bursary or a Crankstart Scholarship.”

Additional reporting credit: Charlie Hancock

We should back Ukraine’s demand for a Nuremburg-style tribunal

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In the aftermath of World War II, the allies convened the Nuremberg trials to investigate and prosecute twenty-one of the most senior Nazi leaders. In its verdict released in 1946, one sentence encapsulated the special court’s unanimous view: launching a war of aggression is the “supreme international crime” as it “contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole.”

Last month at the UN General Assembly, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky publicly called for a special international tribunal to try Russian officials responsible for crimes throughout the Russian invasion. In his speech, Zelensky echoed the notion of a supreme international crime set out in the Nuremberg verdict. He stated first that Russia committed crimes against Ukraine’s “state borders” and then described all the other atrocities recorded so far.

It is worth pondering that the crime of aggression was actually conceived by a Russian jurist. Aron Trainin, a graduate of Moscow State University, was the first in the world to propose the criminalization of aggression in the wake of Nazi Germany’s full-scale invasion of the USSR. The stark contrast between Trainin’s groundbreaking suggestion during World War II and Putin’s callous invasion of Ukraine today is ironic and tragic. 

Britain, along with the collective West, has a moral duty to support Ukrainian President Zelensky’s request for a special tribunal. It stems from our conviction that the rule of law is the cornerstone of liberty both domestically and internationally. So far, however, major powers such as Britain and America have yet to declare support for the idea of a criminal tribunal for aggression in Ukraine. 

Applying the Nuremberg model is both a moral and practical way to hold senior Russian officials accountable for committing the crime of aggression. As it stands today, there is unfortunately no existing permanent international court that can prosecute Russian leaders for this crime. Russia initially signed the Rome Statue, which set up the International Criminal Court in The Hague, but later withdrew its signature. The ICC cannot prosecute nationals of a country that is not a party to the Rome Treaty. 

These barriers can be only removed through a special trial: one that is able to investigate evidence of Russian high-ranking officials’ responsibility in this war of aggression, delegitimize Vladimir Putin as a world leader, and provide a lesson in history to all would-be aggressors.

The responsibility falls on Britain’s shoulders because the UK is one of the few countries that can secure enough political backing for President Zelensky’s request. From Nuremberg to Tokyo, we know that tribunals can be created when there is political will, and their creations do not have to go through the UN Security Council where Russia has a veto. And even within the UN system, we have the precedent of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal, one that was established with an agreement between the UN chief executive and Cambodia endorsed by the UN General Assembly, where no country has veto powers. 

Britain should rally support from allies and partners, including India and many Commonwealth countries in Africa that have remained nominally neutral on the war in Ukraine, to push for a resolution in the United Nations General Assembly. It can authorize the UN Secretary-General to make an agreement with Ukraine to set up a tribunal, just like the Khmer Rouge Tribunal. With a simple majority of UN member states, we can ensure that prosecuting senior Russian officials for their crimes of aggression will be a reality. 

In the eyes of many in the world, putting Putin on trial seems a distant hope. And it may be so. But when Charles de Gaulle fled to England in World War II, it would have also seemed impossible to most that German generals such as Wilhelm Keitel and Alfred Jodl would face trials merely five years later at Nuremberg. Setting up a special criminal tribunal is a practical blueprint for prosecuting Putin and his associates for their crimes.
As Ukraine made stunning advances in the east, Putin escalated the war with a partial mobilization in Russia and constant missile attacks on Ukrainian energy facilities. It is clear that he and his associates care more about colonial conquest than any legal considerations. But that does not mean that we should sit idly by. We can show the world that justice still matters by advancing the creation of a special international tribunal to hold those who have committed crimes in Ukraine to account.

Image:CC 1.0//Via Flickr.