Wednesday, May 14, 2025
Blog Page 1063

My Life on the Road

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Young women today are often reminded by older generations how far women’s rights have come since the beginning of the last century, and have sometimes been accused by the very same of squandering such advances. There often seems to be a gap between the ideologies of the newest women to enter the workforce and those of their mothers. A recent article in the New York Times explored the opinions of women of different generations on the current U.S. presidential candidates, specifically Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton. While younger women expressed less concern about the importance of having a female president if there were a potentially more promising male candidate, their older counterparts were eager to demonstrate the nation’s readiness for a female leader.

Though a women’s rights activist with an impressively long career and an ardent supporter of Hillary Clinton, Gloria Steinem consistently proves that feminism has no expiration date. At a time when terms like postfeminism, postracialism and postcolonialism are sometimes carelessly thrown around, Steinem’s autobiography, My Life on the Road, challenges the idea that the women’s rights movement reached its culmination in the previous century.

Steinem, who is the founder of Ms. Magazine and has spent her life as a freelance writer organizing and lobbying for women’s rights, centres her book around her love of travel, and begins by describing her unconventional parents and semi-nomadic childhood. Her most impressive skill lies in her ability to remain relatable to her readers despite the incredible range of experience she has had, discussing her own personal fears of public speaking as well as instances in which she could have done more.

Still, the sheer breadth of events and encounters that Steinem describes with such specificity sometimes verge on the unbelievable. In spite of this, her writing reads as honest and something like a series of selected entries from her own diary. Whether or not all the chance encounters, seemingly omniscient predictions made by perfect strangers, and intimate conversations with generations of America’s most famous and important figureheads really occurred in the way she describes, Steinem’s openness about her most emotional crises, from being called a “baby killer” after having an abortion and supporting reproductive rights to her absence at her own father’s death, renders her trustworthy in a way that perhaps counts more than anecdotal corroboration.

Each story in the book is succinct, often spanning only a few paragraphs, and liberal use of bullet points sometimes makes the whole project seem like more of a coffee table read even if its content is dense. A veteran storyteller, Steinem’s language is decidedly simple but not simplistic, smart but not unnecessarily intellectual. She purposefully maintains a humble tone through which she sets herself on an even plane with readers, avoiding specialized terminology and discourse that might be isolating to those unfamiliar with it. Steinem’s message is simple: every woman can and should be a feminist. She manages to extend issues surrounding the way that women are treated worldwide to other current and pressing issues like racism, climate change and LGBTQ rights, addressing simultaneously any claims that she is concerned only with “white feminism”. Her comedy is entirely situational and unforced, and she has a way of allowing events to speak for themselves, never pressing her reader to interpret things any particular way, a tactic she evinces also in her political activism in order to open up discussion with opponents.

As much as Steinem is not a politician and has expressly avoided becoming such, this book is anything but apolitical. Its release coincides in a timely manner with Hillary Clinton’s run for President of the US, and a large section of the book is an open endorsement of her candidacy. In an op-ed that she herself wrote for The New York Times, a portion of which she includes in the book, Steinem argues that gender was the largest deciding factor in Clinton’s loss in the 2008 presidential election, and she attempts to debunk a recurring idea amongst Republicans and Democrats alike that Secretary Clinton has been in politics too long to make a suitable president.

Political or not, My Life on the Road i s d efinitely worth a read and gives a lesson in paying attention to histories that often go untold. Her inclusiveness and optimism in spite of all the challenges she has faced is a reflection of the longevity of feminism in all its many incarnations and an invitation for readers to get involved in the causes that mean the most to them. Steinem herself writes, “When new people guide us, we see a new country.”

Picasso: Formalistic or Contextual?

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Orange. The orange makes me stagger. I see a blocked swarm of figures, clustered at either end of the piece of plywood. Grey, green, orange, orange and orange jump out at me. I am in the new Picasso Museum in the Marais distract of Paris. Or at least I was just a moment before. Now I stand in a world of rigid diagonal forms, irregularly cluttered in two blocks with a division of receding space between them. Behold, all you non-formalists; Picasso’s 1951 ‘Massacre en Corée’.

Despite depicting a brutal episode in Korean history, the attention this kind of painting elicits is, to me, to be moved over the picture surface, piece by piece, paradox by paradox. The figures and objects on the plywood are reduced and fractured into geometrical forms and then realigned within a shallow, relief-like space. The more I look at it, the less convinced I am that Picasso wanted the world to see a massacre at all, and that what he was displaying instead were the most perfectly arranged forms on a piece of fitting plywood. But then again, to a formalist, what Picasso wanted isn’t important.

I glance over at some of the other people in the room who go almost immediately to the plaque on the wall to see the date and perhaps glean some contextual information on the painting. I wonder if it is first and foremost the interest in the formalistic qualities of the painting that has led them to seek a contextual explanation, or if the first thing they see when they look at the painting is a group of American soldiers pointing their weapons at a group of naked, innocent women and children.

Wouldn’t it be a shame, I think to myself, if people allow this contextual analysis to wash over the formalistic qualities and to taint the interior style with exterior darkness. What they would see would be an explanation of what is both happening and about to happen in the painting. They would only see the content of the painting. Their mode of vision would unconsciously adapt to cubistic form, and they would read the painting as a photograph, a snapshot into a historical moment that would entirely abandon the lines, shapes and colours that have formed it.

Yet this, dare-I-say, touristic contextual approach is only important if you want to treat the painting as an object, a political pawn, a project of Picasso’s personal views. If you forget everything that the painting has become since its formation in the mind of others, and look instead at its abstract qualities, this contextual information is of no relevance.

To a slight extent, perhaps it aids the formalistic qualities. The shades of grey, sliced by dark outlines into separated forms of intertwined limbs, certainly inspire a cold, metallic sentiment to the picture. There is something very clinical, about it; something detached, yet desperate, tortured, empty, sad.

A contextual reading to the painting might help us to understand why the forms make us feel this way. But the painting has everything you need to know within its form, within its lines and space and colour. All you have to do is allow yourself to feel them.

Is This Art? Plate Convergences

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Theaster Gates is an American artist whose popularity is rapidly growing. His first major work, Plate Convergences (2007), fits in well with the series ‘Is this art?’, as at first sight it looks like the greatest hoax in the history art.

 

Gates was born and raised in Chicago, the South Side, that is to say the dodgy side. His hobby was to make ceramics. He always tried to sell his works at country fairs, but wasn’t as successful as he thought he could have been. He therefore came up with an idea that might allow his ceramics to receive the deserved attention. He gathered several of his pieces and put on an exhibition at Chicago’s Hyde Park Art Center, Plate Convergences. There, he presented his own ceramic plates claiming they had been fabricated by a legendary Japanese master, Shoji Yamaguci, for whom Gates devised an elaborate backstory. In his story, Yamaguci was a Japanese ceramist who fled Hiroshima and settled in Mississippi in the 1960s. Under the influence of his wife May, a black civil right activist, Yamaguci began to make ceramics devised especially for the food of black people. The couple died in a car accident in 1991, but their legacy was continued by their son John Person Yamaguci. John organised dinners in cities with extreme racial and social tension, with the goal of generating discussions of such tensions.

 

Gates feigned a ‘spiritual dialogue’ with the non-existent Japanese artist. Ignoring the real provenance of the ceramics, people were taken in by Gates’ story and went crazy for his works. They sold extremely well, and made him a local celebrity, soon to become an international one. Now an acclaimed artist, Gates has been given among other prizes the £40,000 Artes Mundi award in Cardiff, and received an honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts from San Francisco Arts Institute in May 2015.

 

This is not the first time a hoax raises issues about the status of art. In 1998 the UK had already witnessed Going Places, the first and best-known work by a group of arts students, The Leeds 13. The students staged a trip to Malaga, ostensibly paid for by a grant, and presented it as their end-of-year show. The idea of using money originally intended to make art for a leisure trip was shocking enough, and all the more so was the fact that such a trip was feigned. It turned out that The Leeds 13 had not been to Malaga at all, but had used the money for things like getting themselves a fake tan and buying souvenirs that may look vaguely Spanish. All this was done in order to draw people’s attention on what they were ready to call ‘art’: had the students really gone to Malaga with the grant, how would have the general public reacted? Were they ready to stretch the concept of ‘art’ to include experiences taking place outside an art gallery?

 

In the case of Theaster Gates, people started appreciating his ceramics only when they were embellished with a captivating (and fake) story. Does this mean that they were not art before, but only became so once they were made ‘interesting enough’? As Gates claims, ‘I realized that if I had the courage to make work outside the institution, then institutions might actually be interested in the work’. I think the key aspect of the whole thing is this idea of courage. In my view, making an exhibition out of a completely invented idea is daring and innovative. And I think that over the centuries, courage and creativity have always been defining features of artists. If Picasso and Braque hadn’t dared to go beyond mere appearances, we would not have had cubism and the avant-gardes. Nowadays, artists are increasingly being valued for their ability to innovate and thinking creatively. In a world where creativity is endangered by technology, we need to be reminded that, as humans, we have the invaluable ability to think outside the box, and yes, even to make ‘art’ in completely unprecedented ways.

Review: Thark

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★★★★★

Thark isn’t, you might think, the obvious first choice for a student play. A little-known farce written in the 1920s by Ben Travers, its script could appear outdated, even archaic. But then, I realised as we sat down in our seats in the Pilch Theatre and a two piece jazz band struck up behind us, this was no ordinary performance. Under the brilliant team of director Jack Bradfield, producer Claudia Graham and production manager Charles Pigeon, this old fashioned comedy has (rather appropriately for a haunted house mystery) taken on a life of its own and roared onto the Oxford theatre scene with a vitality and shout few other plays can muster.

The relentless nature of this play seems to resemble Wodehouse on acid. The audience’s laughter grows as the stage gradually becomes crowded with a host of characters with names like Sir Hector Benbow and Cherry Buck, who soon become irrevocably tangled up in endless misunderstandings. This is, of course, all accompanied all the innuendo and bad puns as you could possibly want. The first act is a frenzy of encounters and sparring dialogue full of quips and witticisms- with the subject of Thark, the haunted house, only appearing properly in the second half. The non-stop nature of this play, with characters constantly falling headlong into humorous and uncomfortable situations and even having to adopt different identities, is expertly dealt with in this production. Whilst being thrown into this maelstrom of a performance might potentially have been hard to follow, the cast work together to make sure they are only ever one step ahead of us- whilst giving the illusion that it could all collapse around their ears at any moment. The decision to set Thark in the round gives the dizzying impression that you’re sitting in some sort of Hadron Collider of events, whilst underneath the farcical nature of the play it is all tightly held together- there is very much order in the chaos here.

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The acting, too, is superb: the overblown pompousness of Adam Daiper as Sir Hector Benbow and the facial expressions of Seamus Lavan as the butler Hook, both draw the audience in and put them at ease. They fulfil that most difficult role in a farce- managing to be uproariously funny and believable at the same time. Together with the director they twist and play with Ben Travers’ script, keeping the audience forever on their toes. Where problems in the play could have arisen, such as the slightly worrying line “I don’t want a suspicious little wife for a wife”, they are offset masterfully with humour: here, Ronald Gamble, played by Barney Shekleton, has a tantrum and hides in the bed clutching a teddy bear. And as for Thark’s butler, Death, played by George Fforde- well, he seems to have stepped straight out of a Scooby Doo mystery, and has a nasty habit of appearing when you least expect him to. Amongst this utter madness, Amy Perkis and Niamh Simpson as Kitty Stratton and Lady Benbow subtly keep the play together- moving the plot along effortlessly and playing the ‘straight man’ to the other comics onstage, whilst still holding their individual, interesting personal depths.

This play is a hilarious romp through all that’s best of farcical theatre. The production’s attention to detail, such as putting props amongst the audience, means you feel intimately involved in the hilarious calamities unfolding onstage. The sheer joy and fun of it all is obvious. I agree with Michael Billington when he called Thark ‘sublimely irrelevant’- and what better praise could a farce get than that?

Summer school scandal

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Cherwell has learned that Varsity Education, criticised by members of the University last year, is continuing to off er a controversial £3,595 course and is advertising academics’ involvement without their knowledge or consent.

Varsity Education advertises itself on Twitter as being able to “hone your interview and application skills so you get into the University that you’ve always dreamt of,” as well as off ering “inside knowledge” if you enroll on their two-week course, which allows students to attend classes and workshops to develop “key skills”.

Cherwell published an article in February 2015 about the company, which was hosted by Pembroke College and which highlighted concerns over access to the University.

Pembroke is no longer involved with the company, although it continues to use photographs of Pembroke in its marketing and promotional video.

A spokesperson for Pembroke told Cherwell, “Pembroke expects all former clients of our conference and events business to update their publicity visuals to refl ect new locations as and when possible, and to remove all written references to Pembroke College on the termination of any agreement. We do not comment on the details of individual commercial relationships.”

St Cross College told Cherwell that it is considering hosting Varsity Education’s Oxford Summer course.

The College said in a statement, “Varsity Education is a potential commercial client of St Cross for summer 2016. Discussions have not yet been finalised. Our facilities are hired by them on a normal commercial basis, as with any other client, and St Cross is not involved in the organisation of their programmes.”

With regards to “inside knowledge”, Varsity Education lists the heads of the various subjects it off ers on its website, a number of whom are academics or tutors at both Oxford and Cambridge and whom it says “delivered key seminars to our students and had overall responsibility for the design of the course”.

When three of these “academic heads” from Oxford University were contacted, however, they suggested they were unaware of the extent of the position they held.

Dr Josephine van Zeben, a tutor in EU and Public Law at Worcester College listed as “Academic head” of the English Law course, told Cherwell, “I was not aware that my name, without my permission, was being used on the Varsity Education website… I have no link to Varsity Education in any capacity and have instructed them to remove my name from their website.

“My involvement with [Varsity Education] was restricted to providing four one-hour lectures on public law during a one-month period. At no point during that time did I speak to students about the admissions or interview process at Oxford. Nor would I have agreed to do so, if I had been asked to.”

Dr Lisa Walker, a tutorial fellow in Medical Sciences at Balliol, said, “I think the question here actually revolves around what the “Academic Heads” of the subjects actually know about the organisation. In my case, nothing. I had very little notice – I was asked to fill in as someone had apparently dropped out and they needed someone urgently.

“I confess to having been surprised to find my photo and blog on this website. What they have on there is not inaccurate – they have lifted it straight from the Balliol website.”

In addition to these, Dr Sally Bayley, an English tutor at Balliol and St Hugh’s listed as the “Academic head of English”, commented, “I only taught for the Access part of the course, in the fi nal week, where I spoke to kids from all over the country who had been given sponsored places. I can’t comment on anything else, I’m afraid, because I wasn’t part of it.”

On the issue of the company’s contract with Pembroke, James Gold, the director of Varsity Education, told Cherwell, “The contract between and Pembroke College was only ever an annual agreement. It is incorrect to say that either party terminated the contract. We use photos we’ve taken of our past courses to give prospective students a better idea of what to expect.”

“Most of our students come from overseas and haven’t visited Oxford previously. We don’t make any mention of Pembroke on our website and students are aware that we are not based in Pembroke in 2016.

“Our students do not usually have access to the expertise or admissions guidance provided to those studying at selective schools in the UK. Attending our course is one way in which overseas students can gain the same insight already offered to students studying at top UK schools.

“Many other education companies, most of which are run for-profit, operate similar programmes within Oxford colleges and have been doing so for some years.

“Varsity Education is a non-profit company limited by guarantee. This means that we do not have shareholders and we aren’t allowed to distribute profits. The company’s articles of association require us to promote British higher education internationally and to provide students from disadvantaged backgrounds with equal access opportunities.

“We achieve this through using the surplus made by the company to fund scholarship places which are open to academically gifted students from non-traditional Oxbridge backgrounds.

“We aim to make at least 25 per cent of the places on our courses available as fully-funded scholarships. Many of our scholarship students have gone on to successfully receive Oxbridge offers.”

A spokesperson for Oxford University commented, “Oxford University is aware that organisations approach our students and staff to work for them, and may use college premises (just as academic conferences and other summer events lease college rooms and facilities.)

“The University does not endorse any commercial operations or publications offering advice or training on our admissions process, nor do we guarantee the accuracy of any such company’s information.

“University admissions staff are always clear to emphasise to prospective students and parents that Oxford University provides an enormous amount of information, all for free, about the application and admissions process.

“This is the most up to date and accurate information students will be able to find, and we make every effort to answer any questions through Open Days, printed materials, the website, and our dedicated admissions enquiry line.”

At the time of publication, the Varsity Education website continued to display full profiles of the academics contacted by Cherwell.

Christian Union photo causes stir

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Oxford inter-collegiate Christian Union has run into trouble over the photo used for its ‘Everything in Colour’ series of talks. The photo depicted the Holi Festival, which is also known as the festival of colours or the festival of love.

Holi is of religious significance to Hindus and is celebrated for 16 days at the end of winter. Much like the Jewish New Year, it is a time to address past errors and debts and start anew with those in their life.

Some students who noticed felt that the Christian Union was appropriating the festival, despite its deep religious and cultural significance, just for its aesthetic aspect. The image choice received discussion on the Facebook race discussion forum Race Matters.

Shortly after this was brought to their attention, the Christian Union changed the event image and the picture in its other media.

When contacted, the group told Cherwell, “It was brought to our attention on Monday evening that the photo on our posters and social media branding is a picture of the Holi Festival in London. We did not design the posters ourselves, but asked a design company to create posters with colourful backgrounds. Foolishly, we didn’t think to check what the photo was of. We know this was wrong and ignorant, and we apologise for the insensitive and misguided use of imagery. In particular, we apologise to any Hindu people who have been offended by our use of the picture.

“We have individually apologised to those who have been in contact with us about the mistake. We also immediately re-branded our media when we discovered our error – our Facebook pages, Instagram and event website no longer use the image.”

A St John’s first year in the Christian Union told Cherwell, “I think it would be a real shame to let what is essentially an accident mar coverage of what has been an impressive logistical achievement by the CU. I’m sure the design was done with the best of intentions.”

Oxford “animal experiment capital" of the UK

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Anti-Vivisection group Cruelty Free International has described Oxford as the “animal experiment capital of the UK,” after it released figures showing that the University carried out more tests involving animals than any other institute.

Oxford University tops a list compiled by the organisation. The University used 226,739 animals in experiments in 2014, a figure obtained through a Freedom of Information request. Cruelty Free International claims most of the experiments seem to be “driven more by curiosity” than a focused attempt to address any particular illness.

Dr Nick Palmer, Director of Policy at Cruelty Free International, told Cherwell, “According to the figures, Oxford conducted more animal experiments in 2014 than any other university in Britain. Despite more and more universities recognising this isn’t the way to do research and reducing the number of animals on which t h e y test, the stats we have obtained show that Oxford University’s figures are increasing – up by 19 per cent from the previous year.

“While the University spokesman asserts that they are seeking ways to reduce the numbers, this appears to be failing spectacularly, and in the absence of a coherent government strategy to reduce the numbers of animals used in experiments, it is difficult to see how this trend will sustainably reverse.

“Universities rarely need to conduct experiments for legal reasons and the majority of experiments take place because they are considered ‘interesting’. While universities often present their research as important strides in understanding what might help future medical research, most experiments appear to be driven more by curiosity than by a focused attempt to address any particular illness, as our example shows. This flies in the face of public opinion, which is very sceptical about causing suffering to animals in laboratories.”

Cruelty Free International released an example experiment from Oxford University in which monkeys were anaesthetised and head-holding devices were surgically implanted in their skulls, then restrained in chairs and “deprived of water before each test session” so that they had to work for small juice rewards. The experiment aimed to reveal more about how the brain makes rewardbased decisions.

Mice, rats and fish were the animals most experimented on, with pigs, monkeys and guinea pigs also on the list. A spokesperson for Oxford University said, “Oxford University is determined to carry out research using animals to the highest standards. Each researcher is trained and examined before being able to request a Home Office license. Each trial is designed to minimise the number of animals used and is reviewed and approved in a very similar way to a clinical trial in people. Animal care, including veterinary care, is provided around the clock. We are clear that no procedure using animals should be undertaken lightly and staff will challenge any behaviour that risks falling below the high standards we set ourselves.

“We are committed to replacing and reducing the use of animals wherever possible and to refining procedures to reduce the pain caused. We are not yet at a stage where animal research can be replaced altogether. Research using animals continues to provide important insights, whether into the effects of heart disease or the development of vaccines for major global diseases like malaria. Work with non-human primates has given us vital information about how the brain works, allowing us to understand better the effects of sudden damage like stroke and degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.”

Jennifer Clements, President of Oxford University’s Animal Ethics Society, commented, “I don’t speak for the whole society, but I suspect very few members were surprised by the findings of Cruelty Free International. There are regular student protests outside various labs in Oxford, and whilst the society is academic in nature, we are regularly asked about protest opportunities at our Freshers’ Fair stall. I personally know several students in Bio-medicine and Psychology who are committed to minimising the use of non-human animals and are practising vegetarians and vegans. I’ve made these points in order to emphasise that many students reject the University’s unethical practices regarding non-human animals.

“I do not know the truth about the claim that most non-human animal experiments are designed for intellectual reasons, rather than direct medical benefit, but I have found from experience that claims that non-human animals are only experimented upon for medical discoveries are often thrown out as a way to stall intellectual debate on the topic.

“Such tactics are often used to present animal activists as extremists who do not care about human suffering, and so undermine their credibility rather than rationally challenging their arguments.

“Oxford University has many terrible legacies, and unfortunately its appalling treatment of animals continues to this day.”

Flags galore for LGBTQ February

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Christ Church and Regent’s Park are the latest Oxford colleges to fly the LGBTQ flag for LGBTQ History Month.

The LGBTQ flag will be flown in Christ Church’s Peckwater Quad for the whole month for the first time. The proposal was agreed to by the college’s Governing Body. Luke Cave, Christ Church JCR President, commented, “As a JCR, we’ve been pushing towards flying the flag for a number of years now and there has always been a backing of support from the JCR, GCR and SCR. We have only secured the LGBT flag to be flown for February 2016 on a trial basis, but are looking to expanding this to other flags and for more years to come.”

Christ Church LGBTQ+ Welfare Officer Molly Moore was also proud of the achievement, saying, “The past week has been a turbulent one for LGBTQ+ people in Christ Church, with certain individuals exhibiting quite discriminatory attitudes towards queer people, and especially queer women. However, that we have been given permission to fly the rainbow flag for the entirety of February is an overwhelming victory at such a traditional college, and is testament to the efforts of the LGBTQ+ community over the past few years to create significant change in the way our college deals with LGBTQ+ issues. This public display of support is of great importance to the LGBTQ+ community and is just one step towards making Christ Church a more accepting, comfortable and welcoming place – something so many of us would like to see!”.

At Regent’s Park, a referendum was held by the JCR to be presented to the College as a case for flying the flag. Previously, the flag policy at Regent’s held that only the college or UK flag could be flown from the flagpole. This year, however, the JCR achieved a compromise whereby the flag would be flown for the last week of February if a referendum was passed in favour of doing so. Such a referendum would need to be yearly.

Ed Hackett, Regent’s Gender and Sexuality Officer, said, “Like many of us in the JCR, I am delighted that College has taken the almost unanimous result of our referendum into account, and has shown that it is willing to represent the wishes of its student body. The very high turn out (72 per cent – an impressive figure for any student referendum) is also very encouraging, and just goes to show that Regent’s is not only a very tolerant and accepting place, but is also a college where the students truly care about the community they are a part of.”

Catz JCR recently passed a motion pledging to fly the flag for the whole of February from this year onwards. JCR President Sarah White said, “I’m chuffed with the decision made by Catz college members to fly the rainbow flag for the entire duration of LGBTQ history month. It was a united decision, with a joint proposal from the JCR and MCR agreed to by the SCR and college staff. It’s brilliant that absolutely everyone is on board with making a visual statement of support for the LGBTQ+ community.’’

Christ Church and Regents’ follow many other colleges in Oxford who fly the flag in February, including Wadham, Oriel, Magdalen and Balliol.

Cambridge to introduce entrance tests

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Cambridge University has announced plans to introduce entrance exams as part of its application process in a letter to UK schools and sixth forms this week. School leavers will now have to sit one to two hour exams either before or at their interview, in a similar style to exams sat by Oxford applicants. Dr Sam Lucy, Director of Admissions at Cambridge, told schools that “no advance preparation will be needed, other than revision of relevant recent subject knowledge where appropriate”.

A Cambridge spokesperson told Cherwell that the decision was taken after the government’s move to scrap the AS qualifications for students sitting their exams in 2017. The University has been critical of government exam reforms, having voiced support for the AS qualification, and claimed that AS level results are the best indicator of A-Level success in a majority of subjects.

When Cherwell asked Cambridge whether the move was in response to a report condemning Oxbridge for failing to improve access to students from state schools published in December, a spokesman for the University responded, “We have the expertise needed to devise assessments which are appropriate for academically gifted Year 13 students from all backgrounds. This decision runs in parallel with our ongoing and extensive work to widen participation. We have consulted teachers from state schools and colleges and taken on board their constructive feedback.”

Response to the entrance exam has been mixed. Niamh Ryle, a Cambridge undergraduate, told Cherwell, “The current at-interview assessments run on a college-by college, subject-by-subject basis are more difficult to predict than entrance tests or AS exams and thus a much fairer measure of academic potential. Preparation for the new application process will be available to the wealthier students whereas those at state comprehensives will not be able to afford it.”

Eleanor Smith, who reads Anglo Saxon Norse and Celtic (ASNAC) at Clare College, told Cherwell, “I can’t say the decision thrills me. With ASNAC, what subject knowledge could they possibly be testing? If they were testing based on knowledge, it would depend heavily on the books you’ve read, some of which are pretty expensive. One of the things I liked about interview was that it gave me the chance to show skills in a setting which was more like a conversation.”

However, Katherine Griffiths, a Cambridge offer-holder, argued that standardised admissions test would lead to greater fairness for candidates. “At the moment, it seems unfair that some candidates have to sit a test at their chosen college at interview when other candidates have no test at all. This surely means it’s difficult to judge candidates equally and fairly when you have different amounts of information from each candidate.”

Sir Peter Lampl, Chairman of the Sutton Trust, which works to improve social mobility, told the Financial Times, “Cambridge should be aware that tests could present a disadvantage for lowand middle-income students as there is a thriving market in private tuition for the extra admissions tests used at Oxford and Cambridge.”

The courses which will have pre-interview assessments are Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic, Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Chemical Engineering, Economics, Engineering, English, Geography, History, Human, Social, and Political Sciences, Medicine (BMAT), Natural Sciences, Psychological and Behavioural Sciences, Theology, Religion and Philosophy of Religion and Veterinary Medicine (BMAT).

There will be at-interview assessments for Architecture, Classics, Computer Science, Education, History of Art, Land Economy, Law, Linguistics, Modern and Medieval Languages and Philosophy.

This announcement follows The Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission’s finding that Oxbridge places are “out of reach of most locals.” Not one pupil eligible for free school meals in Cambridgeshire was accepted into Oxford or Cambridge in 2014, and no such Oxfordshire pupil managed it in 2013.

Merton JCR to keep Yorkshire ties

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At Merton’s last JCR meeting on Sunday of Third Week, a motion was proposed in Latin to withdraw the JCR’s affiliation with Sheffield Students’ Union. The motion did not pass.

Oliver Pateman, who seconded the motion, said that he and Sam Banks, who proposed the motion, had wanted to “resolve the inconsistency” of Merton JCR’s affiliation with two different student unions.

“In the case of OUSU, we have representation at OUSU Council, the right to vote in OUSU elections and the opportunity to get involved with and support OUSU campaigns among a whole gamut of benefits and responsibilities we get from OUSU membership,” Pateman stated. “By contrast, our ‘affiliation’ with Sheffield has brought the Merton JCR nothing other than a trip for two of its members to their SU bar while on an incidental visit to see a friend. We thought this disparity ought to be resolved by the [meeting].”

He added that he and Banks had “decided to write the motion in Latin as a bit of a joke”, as there was no requirement that that a JCR motion had to be written in English.

However, the majority of students present at the meeting did not support the motion and voted against it. Daniel Schwennicke and Toby Adkins both opposed to the motion being written in Latin, noting that it sounded pretentious.

Noting the “mood of the JCR that evening,” Pateman said that he does not anticipate similar motions regarding the Sheffield SU in the future.

“I think people find our ‘affiliation’ with Sheffield funny and unobtrusive enough in general to not be worth changing, which is why our motion struck the JCR as a bit of a waste of time,” Pateman said. However, he emphasised that he and Banks “did it with the best intentions, neither as a slight to Sheffield SU nor to the members of the Merton JCR who voted to affiliate initially.”