Sunday 29th June 2025
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Mercury Prize 2020: an apt event for a tumultuous year

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It goes without saying that the music industry has faced more than its fair share of hardship this year. With gigs cancelled, arena tours postponed and countless jobs in peril, even the most eminent artists are anxious about the ever more precarious future that lies ahead. For up-and-coming artists, the consequences of the pandemic are even more dire. 

The 2020 Mercury Prize is therefore more apt than ever. The foundations of the prize are rooted in the celebration of the artist as a whole and the recognition of artistic potential, often rewarding artists on the precipice of success. Much like the Booker Prize for Literature or the Turner Prize for Art, the Mercury Prize is a prestigious accolade that can often boost the careers of rising artists- even being shortlisted for the prize can launch artists into stardom. The likes of Wolf Alice, Elbow and Arctic Monkeys have all reaped the rewards of the Mercury Prize far beyond just the prestige and notoriety that it bestows on breakthrough artists, refuting the Gorillaz’s famous declaration that the Mercury Prize is the musical equivalent of carrying a dead albatross around your neck. 

Michael Kiwanuka, this year’s winner, joins this illustrious group of former recipients. Kiwanuka is no stranger to the Mercury Prize, having been nominated for both his debut, Home Again, and his sophomore album, Love & Hate. Kiwanuka’s third self-titled concept album, Kiwanuka, is his best yet. His music is Bill Withers meets Joni Mitchell: soulful, rich and evocative. Kiwanuka does not shy away from a visceral exploration of his own identity, whilst commenting on broader issues such as the Civil Rights movement. For an artist with well documented feelings of impostor syndrome, Kiwanuka’s album is a testament to his unwavering musical talent.

However, this year’s Mercury Prize was not without controversy. Over the years, the award seems to have moved away from its anti-establishment, anti-mainstream beginnings to a more palatable list of artists. Though shortlisted artists such as Dua Lipa and Charlie XCX are unquestionably talented, it is arguable that they would not have benefited from the £25,000 prize money as much as a less known artist such as Porridge Radio if they had won. Even more worryingly, the exclusion of Japanese-British artist Rina Sawayama due to her lack of British citizenship, despite having an indefinite leave to remain in the UK, contradicts the diversity that the prize ostensibly champions. 

The Mercury Prize was established with an indefatigable desire to challenge the homogenisation and commercialisation of music. In a year so plagued by uncertainty, the prize seems to have erred towards the side of caution by including many already successful artists in the shortlist. For the award to have even more poignancy and relevance in the coming years, the Mercury Prize should seek to find even more underappreciated voices to champion and even more unique, bold albums to praise. For now, though, Kiwanuka’s album is exactly the unique and bold album that we need for these times.

   

Image: Alexander Kellner / CC Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license

BREAKING: Oxford to move into Tier 2

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Oxford city will move into Tier 2 on Saturday 31st October. Tier 2 restrictions introduce the following new measures:

  • People cannot meet “socially” with anybody outside their household or support bubble indoors, including at home or in public places such as restaurants and bars. 
  • People should try to reduce the number of journeys they are making, and if they need to travel should avoid public transport where possible. 

There were 202 cases in Oxford between 18th-24th October. This represents a 20 case increase on the previous week, according to the BBC.

Oxford has 132 cases per 100,000, which is below the average area in England.  However, this figure does not include some positive cases registered at the University.

The most recent data from the Oxford University Early Alert Service reported there had been 288 positive tests since August 20th, 2020 with a tripling of cases in Freshers Week. Since the week of 17th – 23rd of October, the number of new cases has escalated to 208 positive tests, for a total of 496 positive tests since the August start date.

Earlier this week, it was reported that a motion to move the city into Tier 2 by Oxfordshire City Council was rejected at a national level. 

The rest of Oxfordshire will remain in Tier 1. 

This is a breaking news story which will be updated as more information is released.  

Cherwell Recommends: Feminist Fiction

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Fiction provides a unique lens to explore the gendered nature of power, relationships and of literature itself. Indeed, female narratives have traditionally been side-lined. We are all too familiar with character development being devoted entirely to complex male figures, at the expense of any move beyond the basic archetypes of the female victim or femme fatale. Each of this week’s recommendations demonstrate that female voices are far more nuanced and diverse than fiction has traditionally led us to believe. 

From Greek myth to dystopia to political fiction, these novels subvert what have been typically viewed as ‘masculine’ genres to prove that female narratives cannot be filed into a single category. Storytelling, when it amplifies diverse female voices and embraces the full complexity of what it means to be a woman, acts as a powerful gesture against the silence of his-story. 

Circe by Madeline Miller

Eve, books editor

A feminist take on Greek mythology, Madeline Miller tells the story of Circe, the immortal nymph known solely for her role in transforming Odysseus’ sailors into pigs in Homer’s Odyssey. Miller puts the side-lined heroine centre stage: demonstrating that female narratives are far more complex than storytelling often leads us to believe. Circe realises early on that her role in life is to cater for the men around her, “Brides, nymphs were called, but that is not really how the world saw us. We were an endless feast laid out upon a table.” Subverting the expectations of a hero-dominated society; Circe succeeds in carving out her own tale. The result is a powerful exploration of the gendered nature of power and the mistrust that influential women have inspired throughout history. 

Circe may well be ‘just’ a myth, but Miller provides very real insights into the relationships and obstacles women will encounter in their lives. From defending herself against the men that seek to bend her to their will, navigating single motherhood and finding solace in love, “he showed me his scars and in return let me pretend that I had none,” Circe is a celebration of the tenacity of the female spirit. 

Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys 

Cora, books editor

Jane Eyre is always sure to whip up a debate in feminist communities. Some regard Brontë’s protagonist as a bad-ass, proto-feminist heroine; citing extraordinary passages like when Jane reminds Mr Rochester: “I am no bird; and no net ensnares me: I am a free human being with an independent will.” Others consider (spoiler alert) Jane’s dutiful acceptance of an emotionally abusive man as a regressive statement on Brontë’s part.

But Wide Sargasso Sea – Jean Rhys’ stunning retelling of Jane Eyre – leaves no ambiguity as to the villainy of Mr Rochester in contrast to the humanity of the women that surround him. Set in the West Indies in the early 1800s, Rhys puts Mr Rochester’s first wife (AKA Bertha Mason, the ‘madwoman in the attic’) at the foreground of her novel, which explores the power dynamics of gender and race in a way that is both historically fastidious and wonderfully imaginative. The story of Rochester’s neglected wife is a terrifying and tragic indictment of the patriarchal society that has followed us through history. If you’re looking for a book to make your blood boil, or if Bertha Mason’s representation in Jane Eyre left you craving some (any!) character development, then Wide Sargasso Sea is an absolute must-read.

Little Women by Louise May Alcott 

Devanshika, deputy books editor

Googling ‘Is Little Women feminist’ leads to three extremely contradictory top search results that conclude the novel either ‘has a real feminist problem, ‘is not a feminist novel’ or that ‘yes, it is a feminist novel’. I, obviously, fall into the third camp. Perhaps this is nostalgic; Little Women was a book given to me by my mother as one of her own childhood favourites. A Vulture article– which “regrets to inform” us that the novel isn’t feminist– claims that many “readers aren’t remembering Little Women the book at all, but rather Little Women the feeling”. In response, I’d like to ask what’s so wrong with reading a book just for the warm, fuzzy feeling it gives you on the inside? Besides, I promise Little Women will give you that and so much more. It isn’t exactly radical, perhaps not even semi-revolutionary in its embrace of marriage, childbearing and over-all sweetness as a part of its main characters’ personalities and story arcs. But at its core, Little Women’s message is that girls don’t need to fit into boxes; that they can be spunky, independent tomboys; snobbish girly-girls and more, without fully conforming to one gendered stereotype. If you ask me, that’s pretty feminist. 

Queenie by Candice Carty-Williams

Eve, books editor

An accessible political fiction, Queenie explores what it means to be a young, black British woman navigating the complexities of love, sex and female friendships. A flawed and relatable narrator, Queenie’s search for her own self-identity against the crippling forces of casual racism and sexism is both deeply unsettling and darkly comic. The brilliance of Carty-Williams’ writing is in the way she uses humour to provide important meditations on modern British society. From cultural stigma surrounding mental health, “if I told my mum I need counselling she’d ship me over to Kampala in a cargo barrel,” to workplace discrimination – Queenie only permitted to enter her office after directing the security guard to her own face on the company’s diversity poster – Carty-Williams shows the impact that systemic prejudice has on those who meet at the intersections of class, race and gender, “the trauma is too heavy for us to bear.” Realising sadness “can be temporarily erased by the dull thrill of attention from strangers”, Queenie’s venture into the world of dating apps provides powerful reflections on the misogyny, racial fetishing and harassment that pervade modern dating. Black female voices are multi-faceted and diverse; Queenie’s is a powerful assertion of her identity against the forces that seek to silence it. 

The Power by Naomi Alderman

Cora, books editor

The Power is a chilling work of speculative fiction based upon a tantalising premise: what would happen if the traditional power structures operating between men and women were suddenly inverted? Naomi Alderman charts the dawn of this new matriarchal society, in which women all over the world wake up one day to find that they have the ability to release powerful and devastating electrical currents from their fingertips. English teen Roxy, aspiring Nigerian journalist Tunde, orphaned young Margo and middle-aged American politician Jocelyn, form the four-part narrative structure through which a terrifying vision of radical gender violence is revealed.

Alderman faced criticism from commentators who lamented her bleak depiction of a world run by women: how could women possibly inflict upon men the same forms of oppression that we have suffered for millennia? This is a book that will make you want to argue, but those who deny its feminist credentials miss the point. As Lord Acton observed: “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” If we want to create an equal world, in which no person lives in fear of violence, the answer is not simply to transfer power: we must revolutionise it.  

Illustrations by Sasha LaCombe

In Conversation with HONNE

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When I met HONNE over Zoom, they’d been up late the night before working on a new music video for an acoustic version of free love, one of the singles from their most recent mixtape, no song without you. For the week leading up to our call, they’d been working primarily on video shoots, mostly because of lockdown; up until now, filming in person was relatively impossible, so the duo seem to be making the most of the slight relax in measures, leading to quite a few yawns interspersed throughout the interview. 

From the release of their debut single Warm on a Cold Night in 2014, musical duo HONNE have seen steady success. Still, it took a while for them to get there. Both of the boys described growing up with musical aspirations; “I [was] kind of unhealthily obsessed with starting bands in school, even though I was crap.” Although their music concerns romantic relationships, James and Andy’s story has its own air of romance; they describe living almost parallel lives up until the end of their teenage years, and both lived in the South West. “It was funny that we were so close but hadn’t met, but were basically growing up doing the same thing, playing guitar, being in bands.”  

Within a week of meeting during Freshers they were working on music together; “I think me and James had always felt that we’re on a very similar wavelength and understood each other, and had a similar passion towards music.” Rather than the traditional Freshers party experience, they recounted booking rehearsal rooms together, “It was probably more, rather than going out and getting drunk, more, should we go and book a rehearsal room?” Given that they both attended a specialist music university, maybe this was the norm. 

For a while they were “doing various bits and bobs, but nothing really went anywhere.” Eventually, in 2014, after almost 6 years of working together, they became HONNE. The name is Japanese (pronounced hoh-ne in Japan but straight ho-nne by them), and comes from a word that can be roughly translated as ‘true feelings,’ shared only with your closest companions. Anyone that’s listened to HONNE’s music can sense the immediate relevance of this, given the vulnerability that underpins everything that they produce; “We wanted to show that our music is truthful, and it’s kind of us wearing our hearts on our sleeves.”

Even though they’d been writing music for so long, the name was the last thing to fall into place. Throughout the years, they’d focused almost entirely on writing rather than having any kind of public persona. “We wanted to focus less on releasing music and marketing ourselves and all that stuff. […] I think it’s the pulse of a lot of young bands, you end up focusing less on music and more on trying to get successful, which is a bizarre problem, but it’s definitely something that I think everyone has.” They had come up with a different name before, but switched to HONNE after James came across the word; “the meaning fit perfectly with all of the songs we’d already written.” 

Although the word is Japanese, they noted its relevance to British culture, and the chronic reluctance to share one’s feelings ingrained in many of us. “I think it’s something we have in England as well, where people aren’t necessarily completely open about how they feel, and hide behind a facade.” The flip side of HONNE is ‘tatamae,’ that which is shared publicly; HONNE’s label, an offshoot of Atlantic records, takes its name from this. “We felt like our music was our honne, so our true feelings, and then tatamae recordings was our public outlet – so maybe not quite the same as the Japanese meaning, but it’s own our little take of it.”  

In July, HONNE released no song without you, their first mixtape; all of their previous releases have taken the form of either EPs or full albums, and this release is perhaps the least heavily produced in terms of sound. The duo saw this as an opportunity to return to their roots. “We grew up playing guitars, so that was both of our first instruments. […] Apart from a few crazy guitar solos, we’ve never really used guitars much in our music;” on this record, guitar features heavily on almost every track. The Beatles and psychedelia were both cited as central influences for the mixtape, and its production process began on a writing trip in LA, where they wrote no song without you, the mixtape’s titular single. Then, coronavirus happened, and with half of the mixtape still unfinished, the duo began to work remotely. 

“Some of the songs like la la la that’s how it goes were written just completely in lockdown. Andy sent over a song that was pretty much just guitar and vocals fully recorded and a stripped back, kind of beat. And then I kind of just produced on top. So it was kind of back doing it how we’d done it in the olden days, where we would not be in the same room together and would just kind of work on our own bit separately. So it’s still fun, but a very different experience to how we’d been, because we’d just got a studio together just before lockdown. And this whole year we’d decided to write together a lot more.” 

Still, the experience wasn’t completely new to them; “James and I, we both play a lot of instruments ourselves anyway. […] As James says, we can work separately. It’s not like one of us can only do one thing and, you know, has to rely on the other person to make it work. So we’re quite lucky in that we can be quite self-contained, and just crack on and do things separately as well.” 

Despite the adverse circumstances of production, the mixtape remains upbeat in sound. HONNE’s work often blends mournful breakup songs with hopeful melodies, and that is a trend that has carried through to no song without you. “Our music historically has a positive note running through it, and whether lockdown and covid had happened or not, I think this album would still have felt like a positive album. […] It felt more poignant in a way, with everything that’s going on, to have some positive music coming out, and to listen to something that was nice.”

One major change as a result of the pandemic has been that the album doesn’t contain any contributing vocal artists, which is unusual for the duo, who have collaborated with the likes of Aminé and Tom Misch in the past. Since lockdown has started to ease, however, they’ve begun to produce with other artists again. On the 2nd of October they released a new single, 1,000,000 X Better with upcoming artist Griff, and are currently working on music with singer-songwriter Maisie Peters. 

HONNE described these musical collaborations as an essential part of their process. “You can end up writing something that you never would’ve done because it gives you a different perspective. And […] if you’re writing like a love song, then it gives you the opportunity to put a different perspective within the song.” Duets of this kind can be found across their work, in songs such as Location Unknown and Someone that Loves You, which both tell separate sides of a love story through multiple vocals. 

I was curious to hear about the duo’s dream collaborations, and was surprised when they cited mostly classical and instrument-based artists, although perhaps I shouldn’t have been given their level of technical ability. When they started out, they saw James Bay as their main inspiration, and they recounted producing what they described as effectively remixes of his sound. “I don’t think we’d probably exist without James Bay, because we’re inspired by his keyboard sounds and production, particularly at the beginning. I think, basically, we took the James Bay keyboard sound and made James Bay pop, right at the very beginning.” 

They also cite the music they grew up on as a central inspiration, “Andy has sisters who used to listen to Destiny’s child and all of that stuff. A lot of the 90’s R’n’B, I think, has infiltrated our music without us realising how much influence it had on us.” Now, they’d love to work with Kiefer Shackelford, a jazz pianist, and Ólafur Arnalds, an Icelanic multi-instrumentalist, both of whom I’d admittedly never heard of, but are supposedly well-known in the “geeky, technical side” of music. 

Even though they were unable to collaborate with musical artists, HONNE did collaborate with illustrator Holly Warburton, whose colourful animations and drawings go alongside all of the music. The duo have commissioned artists for album artwork in the past, but have never worked with them on this scale. The pair had also commissioned Holly for the music video they’d been working on that week; “She’s just basically been directing the whole thing […], so she’s actually turned into this really amazing person to be so involved.” 

While HONNE’s experience of the pandemic has been relatively positive for the band, they highlighted the difficulties that it has presented for less established artists, who rely on money from small gigs to help them fund the production process.  The Music Venue Trust have reported a 27% drop in attendance at their UK venues, and given the ongoing restrictions, it may be a while before gig culture is able to resume. 

Still, the duo are hopeful that they will be able to tour before the end of next year, and have already begun the process of working on their next album. Despite the physical restrictions in place, they think that the pandemic has had a somewhat liberating effect on the music industry as a whole. Several artists have released lockdown projects, including perhaps most notably Charli XCX’s How I’m Feeling Now. 

“I think it’s [the pandemic] made me realise that people love to hear new music. And I think bands always wait, like sometimes years, just like we need all the right songs. Everything has to be completely perfect. And we can’t have any breathing space on albums anymore.” The duo cite a combination of internal and label pressures to produce hits, and said that the pandemic has allowed them to experiment more without those confines. 

Before we ended our call, I wanted to know what HONNE had been listening to through the pandemic, and I wasn’t disappointed. Some of the more well-known names they mentioned included girl in red and Bombay Bicycle Club, and both James and Andy enjoy classic soul, the kind of things “our parents used to put on around the house.” 


You can listen to the mixtape no song without you here and their new single 1,000,000 X Better here.

Photo credit: Tim Toda

In Conversation with Jihyun Park

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CW: Mention of torture and abuse

Within the past few months, rumours claiming the death of North Korean dictator, Kim Jong-Un, have circled our news feeds. When it was announced that he had since been sighted in public, the media commented on the “thunderous applause” he was met with as he appeared in front of North Koreans at the opening of a fertiliser factory near Pyongyang. Similarly, during the Trump-Kim summit of 2018, North Koreans were recorded saying, “I couldn’t stop myself from getting excited when I saw our respected leader on TV. By following our beloved leader, who strives tirelessly for the sake of the nation and the people, our entire staff shares the view that we should achieve more in our work and keep challenging ourselves to make him happy”, and, “I heard at work yesterday that our leader was on the way to a distant foreign country. So even though today is my day off, I’m on my way to work to please our leader”.

When the media does shift their attention to the North Korean people, their representation of North Koreans often paints them as a homogenised, brainwashed population who live naively in awe of the dynasty we know to be diabolical. The reality of the situation is much more complex, with over 100,000 refugees emigrating since the separation of the Korean peninsula in 1953. Some defect due to political discontent, such as Thae Yong Ho who made headlines for winning a constituency seat during the South Korean parliamentary elections in April, despite formerly serving as a senior diplomat under the North Korean regime. Part of his political aim has been to draw greater attention to the human rights violations being carried out systematically by the regime, in the hopes that this will humanise those who are suffering. 

Instead of being seen as a faceless nation that willingly submits to the Kims, real stories of suffering and protest told by those who have lived under the regime should be shared. Although it is tempting to be distracted by memes about Kim Jong-Un’s haircut and his almost entertainingly tumultuous relations with Trump, these undermine the very real ordeals experienced by North Korean refugees and defectors, which should instead be the main focus of international media.

I was able to interview Jihyun Park, a North Korean refugee now living in England, about her experiences living under the regime, escaping, and being repatriated (sent back to North Korea). Willing to share her story in the hope that it sheds light on the true gravity of the plight many North Koreans and refugees face, she too commented on the role of the media. “I am usually angry with the media because they always hide peoples’ real lives.” The “media usually [displays] Kim and some Pyongyang views”, but that is not “the real North Korea.” 

Jihyun began to illustrate “the real North Korea” in her description of her hometown. Situated in North Hamgyong, a province near the Chinese border in the East, Jihyun described her home as “a beautiful place”, surrounded by sea and mountains, with a “big steel company, port and shipyard”. Jihyun was a maths teacher, and I was curious to know her daily routine. “We would wake up at 5am, 4.30am in the summer”, she tells me, “everyone would begin their day by cleaning the streets outside, and the school day would begin at 7am, and usually finish at around 8pm.” She was never able to visit Pyongyang, as travelling to other regions is not permitted without authorisation, but as a child she was able to visit her grandmother’s house in South Hamgyong, and Paektu mountain as a university student, an important cultural site often used to reinforce the legitimacy of the Kim dynasty. An active volcano, Paektu is considered sacred, and the myth is propagated that the Kims have a “Mount Paektu bloodline”. Before significant national announcements, the leader of North Korea would travel up Paektu, often on a white horse, in order to legitimise his decision to the North Korean people – a ritual last performed by Kim Jong Un in December.

So why leave? Unlike Thae Yong Ho, Jihyun admits she had little knowledge of the reality of North Korea’s political condition prior to her escape, due to the censorship of outside information. What led Jihyun to leave, like so many others, was famine. In the mid-90s, a period known as the Arduous March, or the March of Suffering, began. Lasting for four years, an estimated 3.5 million died from starvation, or related diseases, forcing a record number of North Koreans to attempt to cross the Chinese border in 1998. 

Jihyun and her brother would soon join them. With her mother having left home, and her father becoming ill, Jihyun’s family was left with no food, medicine, or “even a chunk of wood to burn for heating my brother”. Her brother’s military service had ended abruptly after he was “caught dealing gold illegally”, and he had come home, chased by military officials. Her father eventually urged her to leave. “My father said ‘Take your brother. You must leave, you must go anywhere.’ It was my father’s will. Not even observing my father’s death, I left. I will never see him again and I don’t know where he was buried. He might be buried somewhere, but I do not even know.”

Jihyun and her brother managed to cross the Eastern border into China, after being offered help by a man promising an honest job once they arrived. I asked Jihyun what her journey was like; “Once in China, I was brought to a trafficking establishment, sold to a Chinese man and separated from my brother. My brother was captured and repatriated a year later, and I still do not know if he survives. It was shameful so I tried to hide it, but it was not only my experience.” 

As Jihyun voiced, this is a common experience faced by refugees, with around 80% of North Korean women sold by human traffickers upon reaching China. “I was sold to a Chinese man for 5000 yuan (around £580). Chinese people would gather and choose who they want.” The farmer, who was from the province of Heilongjiang in the North-east, kept Jihyun in slavery for six years. During this time, she gave birth to a son. 

“He was nameless and nationless because I was a foreigner without legal status. In the DPRK, a child with a foreign parent cannot be born and is killed without question. The Chinese government does not acknowledge the existence of a person born from a North Korean mother, so the child grows up without a name, access to education, and the right of movement.” 

Jihyun’s son was stranded in this limbo, alongside around 30,000 others thought to be victims to the same status. In April 2004, following years of manual labour and constant intimidation, Jihyun was arrested and sent to Yeonbyun prison in China. “The cell was full of North Korean people. I found out that the prison was specially built to hold North Koreans.” After a week at Yeonbyun, Jihyun was repatriated and sent to a prison camp in North Korea.

The prison camps in North Korea are notorious for their systematic implementation of human rights violations, including torture, executions and infanticide. Both re-education camps and political prison camps exist, and both bear high mortality rates. Jihyun recounted her initial thoughts. “Even though I was sent to North Korea as a criminal, there was a joy of coming back to my hometown, but it soon changed into despair. I may have thought because we are all Koreans and we left because of hunger that the intelligence officers would not treat us that poorly. Maybe I was too naive because it could not have been more different than that.” 

Jihyun was subjected to appalling living conditions, with prisoners crammed into tiny rooms, as well as frequent abuse from guards, who would kick prisoners with their “brass tipped boots”. She recalled a punishment she faced for using the toilet without permission, saying, “One day I was needing to go to the toilet desperately and asked them many times, but they never answered. I could not stop and ran to the toilet. As a punishment, they forced me [to] clean  the toilet with my hands without any water. It was not a regular toilet with flushing water. You cannot imagine how dirty it was.” This was only one of many punishments Jihyun and the other prisoners faced on a regular basis. Jihyun was soon transferred to a labour camp, where prisoners were fed with the same rice used to feed pigs in China, and forced to undertake menial labour. 

Shortly after, Jihyun was moved once again to a provincial correction camp, in her familiar hometown. She commented, “I remember passing by the building but never had been aware that it was a camp. It was not too far from my house. It was in an area where I grew up, went to school and lived with my family for more than 20 years, but I could not even see them”. Here she was forced to work from 4.30am to 11pm, carrying out extreme manual labour. If the prisoners did not wake up, the guards would take their shoes, making them work barefoot on ground full of stones and pieces of sharp glass. 

“We were the shovels. I could not even think about my son. I only thought of survival”. After being cut by glass, Jihyun’s legs became swollen, and she could no longer walk. As the infection spread, she was told that she had a 50% chance of survival if her leg was amputated. Soon after, she was released with her uncle’s signature, who told her he would never see her again. Jihyun miraculously received medical care from a herbal doctor who eased the spread of the gangrene, and sought refuge in a vagabond orphanage shelter. 

In 2008, Jihyun finally reached England after a decade-long struggle to escape. When I asked what could be done to raise awareness, Jihyun said, “The pain that we experienced will probably never be erased in one lifetime. However, the reason why I still share my story and speak about North Korean human rights is captured in a German proverb, ‘in stories, the pain is no longer painful.’ By sharing my painful experience, the listeners give me their sympathy. However, there are still people who are experiencing more pain than what I went through.”

Her emphasis on the importance of sharing these stories in order to raise awareness of the extent of the atrocities taking place in the DPRK has shed light on what form the conversation regarding North Korea should take. Rather than focusing on rumours revolving around the Kims, or succumbing to portrayals of the North Korean people as a singular, unlucky population with no minds of their own, we should remember the individual testimonies of people like Jihyun, who are actively urging us to think more carefully about the real experiences faced by real people that we have become increasingly desensitised to.

Photo credit: Lola Patel

KFC and kebab takeaway fined for breaking coronavirus regulations

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KFC and Bodrum Kebab takeaway on Cowley Road have been hit with fines from the Oxford City Council after breaking COVID-19 restrictions.

Both businesses have been charged £1,000 after enforcement officers from the newly formed COVID Secure Team witnessed the companies continuing to serve customers after 10pm.

The Oxford City Council said: “Although takeaways can continue operating after 10pm using a delivery service, click-and-collect or drive-thru, the law forbids them from taking orders and serving food in their premises or at their door after 10pm”.

The City Council is able to fine businesses up to £10,000 for breaking the COVID-19 regulations, but given that it was the businesses’ first infraction, chose to set the fine at £1,000.

Councillor Louise Upton said: “Any businesses that break the coronavirus rules are irresponsibly making the city less safe for everyone, and they should know that we will take action against them.”

Councillor Upton also states that city-centre pubs and bars have “gone above and beyond” to protect their staff and customers. She added: “The vast majority of businesses are complying with the new rules.”

The Council said that both takeaways were visited after complaints from the public. When officers visited, they saw KFC continuing to serve customers on three separate occasions after 10pm, while Bodrum Kebab staff were seen serving customers and taking orders at the door at 11:59pm on Friday 2nd October.

A manager at Bodrum’s Kebab told the BBC when contacted that they “served customers who have a car outside” and that they “are allowed to sell to customers with vehicles outside”. She went on to say: “Some people are jealous that we are getting customers.”

Since receiving the fines there have been no further reports of either business breaching the regulations. Both businesses are also still in operation, with advertised opening hours at KFC at between 11:00-22:00, with delivery extending to 23:45.

KFC and Bodrum’s Kebab have been contacted for comment.

Image credit: Steve Daniels

Russian propaganda claims coronavirus vaccine will turn us into monkeys

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A network of Russian state officials, media figures, and anonymous online middlemen have been orchestrating a campaign of disinformation to destroy trust in the vaccine being developed by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca, according to an investigation by The Times.

Using a combination of memes, videos, and fake articles, the campaign centres on the false claim that the Oxford vaccine – which uses a harmless chimpanzee adenovirus to introduce a segment of SARS-CoV-2 genome into a human cell – turns those who have received the vaccine into monkeys.

Although the conspiracy theory is clearly preposterous, the Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab warned that “it’s a shabby piece of disinformation, but it is very serious because it is an attempt to disrupt the attempts to find a safe vaccine” when speaking to BBC Radio 4.

In August 2020, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that a Russian regulatory body had approved a vaccine for use against COVID-19 before it had undergone its Phase III testing. After criticism from scientists across the world, the approval was downgraded to a “conditional registration certificate” which was dependent on positive results from future Phase III trials. A small study published by the state-run Gamaleya Research Institute in early September claimed that the vaccine successfully caused the body to produce antibodies to fight off a COVID-19 infection, albeit with mild side effects.

The global race for a vaccine currently includes 48 vaccines undergoing clinical trials on humans, according to a Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker from the New York Times. Speaking to the Stories of our Times podcast, Edward Lucas, a journalist and consultant on cyber-security and Russian foreign policy, Russia has a “commercial and diplomatic interest in making Russia look good, which means making everybody else look bad.” Dr Matt Galotti from the thinktank Rusi also told the podcast that the decision to name the Vaccine “Sputnik 5” was a deliberate attempt to evoke the technological achievement of the USSR successfully launching the first artificial satellite into space, as if Russia creating the first effective vaccine against COVID-19 be a similar display of technological superiority.

The Russian state has been disseminating medical information in order to sow distrust of western nations in developing countries for decades. Operation INFEKTION was a campaign run by the KGB from 1983, which spread the false rumour that the HIV virus was created in an American lab. The investigation from The Times shows that the conspiracy theory that the Oxford vaccine turns humans into monkeys was deployed in a very similar way to Operation INFEKTION.

Instead of planting a fake story in a small news outlet, anonymous online accounts post shareable images and memes which claim that the Oxford vaccine is unsafe. One shows King Kong injecting a screaming woman with a giant needle, displaying the AstraZeneca label. Another shows British Prime Minister Boris Johnson photoshopped to look like a blonde member of the Planet of the Apes cast, with the caption “I like my bigfoot vaccine” below. These images are then broadcast and discussed on Russian state media, divorced from their original inception, as if people have begun to doubt the safety of the Oxford vaccine based on genuine evidence, and not manipulation.

Although there is no evidence that this campaign was directly authorised by the Kremlin, the Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee Tom Tugendhat told Times Radio: “Russia is a very centralised state and the idea this would be done without the approval of someone in the inner circle is laughable”.

The Russian Embassy in London has denied that the Russian state was involved in the disinformation campaign, telling The Times that “Astrazeneca is very well known and respected in the Russian Federation. Russia has agreed a contract on obtaining a certain amount of the Astrazeneca vaccine. Plans are also for the Astrazeneca vaccine to be partly produced in Russia itself, alongside with the Sputnik V, and some others. We stand for [a] variety of vaccines to be applied against this terrible disease. The Covid pandemic is a common threat, and both the Russian and the British governments are committed to combating it in a depoliticised manner.”

Image Credit: Pixabay.

Oxford researchers launch online “vaccination game”

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Researchers at Oxford University have launched ‘The Vaccination Game’, a free online role-playing game where players need to distribute a virtual vaccine, aiming to limit the spread of a pandemic based upon influenza.

Created by researchers at the University’s MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, in collaboration with Goldsmiths, ‘The Vaccination Game’ will allow players to understand how vaccines work on a worldwide scale.

Players are given limited doses of vaccines each week and then choose who to vaccinate in the ninety-nine cities available within the game, with the aim of maximum effectiveness and minimised deaths. At the end of the game, the player receives a report noting how many lives were saved by the vaccine.

The idea was originally conceived by Professor Drakesmith and colleagues in their roles as part of a research network focusing on immunising babies and mothers to fight infections in low and middle income countries. They began to develop the game after receiving funding from the IMPRINT research network.

“We originally had the idea of the game and began developing it back in 2019, with influenza as our example disease. Then Covid-19 struck, and the ideas behind the game are obviously much more relevant,” said Professor Drakesmith, who is based at the MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine. 

Rather than providing a wholly realistic simulation, the role-playing game is intended to educate. “Our game isn’t intended as a modelling or simulation tool, or meant to predict real-world scenarios”, Professor Drakesmith said. “Instead, we hope it’s educational, as it illustrates how vaccines can work on a global scale, and shows that precisely how a vaccine is deployed across populations can be crucial to its effectiveness.”

The Group Leader of the Analysis, Visualisation and Informatics group, Steve Taylor, said: “You can replay the game multiple times to improve strategy and save more lives – it is possible to do very well!”

Professor Drakesmith continued: “We hope players find The Vaccination Game interesting, useful and fun to play.”

History of Science Museum reopens

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Oxford’s History of Science Museum has re-opened, heralded by an Islamic metalwork exhibition. The focus of the display has been themed to highlight the intersections between different cultures and countries throughout history.

The exhibition will be on display from 9th October to 10th January, incorporating a mixture of artifacts both from the Museum itself and ten “precious and rare” artifacts as part of a tour from The Courtauld that has visited Cornwall, Bradford, Oxford, and Bath.

The display has been split into three themed elements: Migration of objects, people and ideas from borders with China to Mediterranean; Trade between the Islamic world and Europe; Mutual influences between Islamic culture and European culture.

Each of the themes holds immaculately detailed objects made of multiple metals through a traditional Islamic inlaying process. Together the objects tell a complex history of shared ideas, trade, and metalworking processes. 

As the website says, the exhibition contains pieces of “stunning court fashion and intriguing astrolabes”, “beautiful bowls and candlesticks”, spanning six centuries of Islamic artisanship.

The exhibition also involved volunteers from the History of Science Museum Multaka-Oxford team. ‘Multaka’ is an Arabic word meaning “meeting point”, and in this way the team began as an initiative to involve displaced individuals with their history through presentations and volunteering. While the pandemic and limited space prevents physical involvement in the exhibition, in the online version objects belonging to members of the team with descriptions written by them are included.

One member of the team, Jonathan Fruchter, has been especially inspired by a metal inlaid handbag from the collection. This led to him writing a computer program that allows people to transform rough sketches into Islamic-inspired designs. There is a video introducing the concepts that he has created on display at the museum too, where the concept is introduced. 

Dr Federica Gigante, curator of the exhibition, told Cherwell that what she wanted to show was the idea that “we are indebted to other countries for what we have today, as much as they are to us, because we have always shared”.

To book, the Museum has tickets available online by time slot in order to maintain social distancing, and a one-way system has been put in place. The top floor has also had to be closed to ensure everyone is able to enjoy the Museum in a safe manner, but the first and ground floors remain fully open for viewing.

Image credit: Mike Peel/ Wikimedia Commons. License CC-BY-SA-4.0.

‘Change Is Your Responsibility’ – more than just a song

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On the 25th May 2020, George Floyd, a Black American man, was murdered by police officer Derek Chauvin in an act of violence that was broadcast to millions on social media. The world proclaimed its outrage and support for the Black Lives Matter movement briefly surged. Yet Keble student and aspiring DJ/producer Paddy Renehan observed the inaction of many of his White peers. Angered by this placid response, he wanted to find a way of getting people actively involved in the fight for racial equality.

The result of Paddy’s frustration is the release of a single and online resource, both titled Change Is Your Responsibility, created in collaboration with, among others, schoolfriend and rapper Jesse Francis. The track itself is a hybrid of string-backed spoken word and high-tempo, uncompromising grime, Jesse drawing from personal experience to address the problems of a systemically racist society. The accompanying website is designed to make White people rethink and inform their views on movements such as Black Lives Matter, and the deep issue of racism in our society. Cherwell spoke to Paddy and Jesse about the process behind and goals for the project, which drops on October 30th:

Cherwell: How did the idea for Change Is Your Responsibility come about?

Paddy: I’d been working on some projects and I had the idea of bringing an artist onto a track that I’d produced for Black Lives Matter. Originally I didn’t intend to get a rapper on it . . . but then I was speaking to Jesse, we were catching up because we hadn’t seen each other in a while, we got talking about BLM, and I was like: I’ve got this demo, would you be down to do something with it? Jesse was really keen, sent some stuff over straight away, and then we did the bulk of the recording in studios sessions over lockdown. 

C: Unfortunately, a lot of the momentum surrounding BLM came following the death of George Floyd. How did that affect you guys?

P: It was weird – I watched that video and wrote the opening chords pretty much straight after. There’s quite a strong connection between that initial moment of checking social media, seeing the video, [which] I was massively affected by, and then [writing] the chords for the strings in response to that on the same day. That’s why it’s such a central part of the whole concept.

C: And the lyrics came from a similar place too?

Jesse: I had a conversation during lockdown with my brother about how authorities will sometimes twist and manipulate narratives – that’s how the first spoken word part came about. Then Paddy contacted me . . . and I was thinking about how I wanted to come across, especially because as a Black person and someone who’s not had the easiest upbringing . . . if I am to talk on these things, I want to do it the right way. When Paddy hit me up and sent me this, I was like: this is 100% something I want to be the voice on.

C: So this was definitely a timely collaboration: you needed each other at that moment, I guess?

P: When we actually got together and collaborated, we were so productive, it was crazy. Me and Jesse have known each other for ages – when we came together it just elevated the game so much. We work really well together and that collaborative idea made the track what it is.

J: Paddy . . . was able to give me [the] ideas to be able to voice my opinion in the right way. It was definitely an emotional process – there was joy as well at the end, when we finished the track. There’s that sense of unity. I definitely hope it resonates with people.

C: What do you want people to take away from listening to the track?

P: If someone came to me and said ‘we listened to the track and it made me rethink a couple of things’, that would be so much more important than saying ‘oh, I really liked the track’.  That’s what CIYR is: we are [asking] you to stop and think. The whole massive thing on social media that happened in May to June, no one ever speaks about it now. Maybe [the track] will cause people to go and do something, to go read about something or to go onto the site.

C: So how is the website designed to be used and experienced?

P: The website is meant to showcase the whole concept of CIYR. It’s meant to get people to act on issues like BLM and not just show sympathy. Because we’re all inherently lazy – it’s a sad thing but unfortunately a lot of what happened, in my opinion, was that people just wanted to tick the box, post a black square. So we took things like Carrds and BLM toolkits from the well-known, reliable websites, and [brought] them together so that they’re easily accessible. We’re trying to use the site to showcase certain issues like how to use your white privilege. In the basic sense, it is just a resource, but the platform itself has massive scope to grow. 

C: The site is definitely educational, but it’s confrontational too, for example when you load it up and see the list of names of BAME people who’ve been killed…

P: Using certain things on the website, for example the main image of the girl (see below), I wanted to impact people. That marquee at the top that’s listing hundreds of names is a list that I’m getting off an external site. . . and every single day there [are] more and more names from the UK and the US. So certain [parts of] the site are meant to shock.

Image: Rosario Bonnie Evans

C: What are your future ambitions for the site and the project?

P: One of the main things that I wanna do is bring more people in: I don’t just want the site to be through my lens, I want it to be an open thing and not just for White people, but for Black people, for [all people]. In the future I wanna get more people involved, to collaborate, to commission stuff for the site, whether that’s in the art world, whether that’s spoken word, poetry, dance. We want it to become a really fleshed-out platform.

C: More generally, what has your guys’ experience of the BLM movement been since it gained traction earlier this year?

J: It was the right time for awareness to be brought to [BLM]. I have noticed that there definitely has been a difference, but sometimes I notice that people are doing [things] because of [the fact that I’m Black]. I’ve noticed a lot of people will feel like they have to be careful. But rather than being careful about what you say it’s about changing your mindset and changing what you’re thinking from the start. It’s not about what people see you do, it’s about your actions and your thoughts.

Change Is Your Responsibility launches 30th October at https://www.changeisyourresponsibility.com and on all major streaming services.